Reduction In Vietnam Research Articles

Tác động tài chính toàn diện kỹ thuật số đến xoá đói giảm nghèo tại Việt Nam

The study investigates the role of digital inclusive finance in poverty reduction in Vietnam on the basis of panel data from 63 provinces in the period 2018-2022 using the GLS model. It was presented that increasing digital inclusive finance in recent years has helped many regions and provinces significantly reduce poverty rates. This result is also influenced by factors such as regional GDP, Gini coefficient, and level of urbanization. The study contributes a scientific and empirical evidences so that policymakers propose a number of recommendations to enhance the role of digital inclusive finance, thereby supporting Vietnam's sustainable development goals in the near future.

Vietnam's Long-run Growth: Connecting the Dots through Climate Damage Spillovers

We propose to examine how climate damage may transform Vietnam's long-run growth rate. Because of cross-country linkages forged by bilateral trade, there are two channels through which international damage spillovers may occur. First, the dynamics of partners' growth determine future trends in Vietnam's volume of exports. Second, since the domestic impact of climate change may be heterogeneous across countries, there will be a differentiated impact on export and import market shares. Both terms play a critical role in changing trade patterns that are likely to shift Vietnam's external constraint. This demand-side view of growth based on the balance-of-payments constraint is a powerful predictor of inter-country growth differences. Our study show that the consequences of climate change could equate to a 2.5% reduction in Vietnam's growth rate over the period 2020-2060. Our decomposition exercise by effect and by partner area shows that international damage spillovers result from very different individual behaviours.

Growth and poverty reduction in Vietnam: A strategic policy modelling study

<p>A major objective of economic development or growth is poverty reduction, and it is especially a high priority in developing, low-income economies such as Vietnam. Vietnam is an important transition open high-growth economy since Doi Moi in 1987 and with increasing global geopolitical influence in South East Asia but with concerning high poverty incidence. While poverty is recognised internationally as a multidimensional incidence with interdependent relationships among the country's many activities in the sense of Marshall or Haavelmo, rigorous studies with focus on these multidirectional causality issues for Vietnam are currently very limited. The paper addresses these issues by introducing an endogeneity or simultaneous multi-equation modelling approach with World Bank and other international data and system estimation to studying the growth-poverty relationship with Vietnam as a case study. The objective is to explore empirical evidence for this causal relationship with an economy-wide transmission mechanism and with common causality postulates for the improvement of sustainable growth and poverty reduction strategic policy analysis. The main findings show growth-poverty circular causality and the strong impact of growth on poverty reduction and of trade openness on growth. The approach advances the literature, and the findings are also a useful guide for aid consultants, economic researchers, policy makers, nongovernment organizations (NGOs), and official development assistance (ODA) donors in Vietnam in particular and in developing countries in general.</p>

Education as one of the fundamental factors of poverty reduction according to multi-dimensional poverty line in Vietnam

Introduction. In the task of sustainable poverty reduction in Vietnam in particular and in the world in general, making an important contribution to the successful implementation of the Resolution of the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, not only for a rich people, strong, democratic, just and civilized country Vietnam will not only end persistent poverty but also solve the millennium goal of eradicating illiteracy and improving the educational level of poor households and near poverty. Research methodology. This article takes the method of dialectical materialism and historical materialism of MarxismLeninism as the theoretical basis. On that basis, we went on to look for some of resources of Marx, Engels and Ho Chi Minh, Documents of the Party Congress, Resolutions and Directives of the Communist Party of Vietnam and Government Vietnam. Results. Firstly, promoting the tasks of propaganda, education, raising awareness and responsibility for poverty reduction according to multi-dimensional poverty line in Vietnam. Secondly, promoting the tasks of propaganda, education, raising awareness and responsibility for poverty reduction according to multi-dimensional poverty line in Vietnam. Thirdly, the decisive factor for the success of poverty reduction according to the poverty line is a multidimensional approach in Vietnam the will to be self-reliant and self-reliant to get out of poverty of poor and nearpoor households. Fourthly, effectively mobilizing and using investment resources for poverty reduction under multidimensional povety line in Vietnam. Fifthly, continuing to improve and promote the implementation of policies and law on poverty reduction, multi-dimensional poverty line. Sixthly, strengthening legal aid for the poor in the remote, border and island areas so that they can raise awareness, knowledge of laws to avoid falling into the disadvantaged groups in society. Seventhly, promoting propaganda, advocacy to raise awareness for the poor so they understand the value of vocational training, why should they participate in vocational training classes what they get after that. Eighthly, strengthen the leadership, direction, inspection and supervision in the management, administration and implementation of poverty reduction policies according to the multi-dimensional poverty line in Vietnam. Practical significance. Poverty reduction according to poverty standards is a multi-dimensional approach that is popular with the people, so it soon comes to life and is supported by the people and has been integrated to life which make the appearance of districts, communes and poor households change remarkably, narrowing the gap of living standards between urban and rural areas, between areas and group of residents,make an important contribution to the successful implementation of the Resolution of the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam for a prosperous and happy.

COVID-19 in Vietnam and its impact on road trauma: A national data review.

Despite significant improvement in the last decade, road trauma remains a significant contributor to deaths in Vietnam. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated public health measures which had an unforeseen benefit on road trauma in high income countries. We investigate if this reduction was also seen in a low to middle income country, Vietnam. Our aim was to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic, and the government policies to address it, impacted on road trauma fatalities in Vietnam. We also compared this impact with other government policies intended to road trauma in the preceding 14 years (2007 to 2020). COVID-19 data was extracted from the Vietnamese Ministry of Health (MoH) database. Road traffic deaths from 2007 to 2021 were derived from the Vietnamese General Statistical Office (GSO). We used Stata software 17 for statistical analysis. Poisson regression modelling, with the logarithm of the national population of Vietnam of each year included as an offset, was used to estimate trends in rates of road fatalities from the annual national mortality data for the period 2007-2021. The actual change in road traffic mortality in 2021 was compared with calculated figures to demonstrate the effect of COVID-19 on road trauma fatalities. We also compared this impact with other government road toll reduction policies for 14 years (2007 to 2020). Between 2007 and 2020 the number of annual road traffic deaths had more than halved from 15.3 to 7.0 per 100,000, an average reduction of 5.4% per annum. We estimated that the road traffic mortality rate declined by 12.1% (95% CI 8.9 to 15.3%) in 2021 relative to trend. The actual number of road trauma deaths fell by 16.4%. This reduction was largely seen from August to October 2021 when lockdown and social distancing were in force. In 2021, the road traffic death reduction in Vietnam was 3 times greater than the trend over the preceding 14 years. The public heath response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam was associated with a third of this reduction. It can thus be reasonably concluded that government policies to address the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a 4.3% decrease of road traffic deaths in 2021. This has been observed in High-Income Countries but was demonstrated by us for the first time in a Low- and Middle-Income Country.

The Potential Impact of the Vietnam - EFTA FTA on Vietnam Imports of Seafood

This paper assesses the potential impacts of the Vietnam - EFTA Free Trade Agreement (Vietnam – EFTA FTA) on Vietnam's seafood imports from the EFTA by adopting the SMART model based on two scenarios. The simulation results reveal that the Vietnam – EFTA FTA would result in a significant increase in Vietnam's seafood imports from the EFTA, implying that the EFTA would be still one of the most important seafood sources for Vietnam in the upcoming time. When Vietnam also extends its coverage of tariff elimination to ASEAN+5 including China Japan, South Korea, India, Australia – New Zealand having signed an FTA with ASEAN to which Vietnam is a country member and to the European Union (EU), which is Vietnam’s partner in the Vietnam – EU FTA (EVFTA), the reduction in Vietnam’s seafood imports from the EFTA would occur but it would be inconsiderable. Besides, in both scenarios, trade creation effects would be higher than trade diversion effects meaning that the Vietnam – EFTA FTA would raise the welfare of Vietnam. Based on these results, the paper ends by drawing out some implications for the Vietnamese government and domestic seafood enterprises to be better preparing for the upcoming Vietnam – EFTA FTA.

Achieving ambitions: roadmap to implementing nationally determined contributions for agriculture emission reduction in Vietnam

ABSTRACT The agriculture sector contributes significantly to national greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries. Rice is a major contributor to methane emissions in Asia and many countries have recognised the potential to reduce their emissions by including rice sector targets in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) in the Paris Agreement. The NDC commitments are voluntary emission reduction efforts submitted by each country to curb global warming. This guide serves to bridge the gap in knowledge on developing and implementing action plans to achieve the ambitious targets to reduce emissions in rice. With a focus on Vietnam, this guide describes methods and tools for research organisations to support national governments to plan, finance, and implement mitigation actions in the rice sector.

The impact of microfinance on poverty reduction in Vietnam: A dynamic panel‐data analysis

AbstractThe current study uses the Generalised Method of Moments to examine the dynamic relationship between access to microfinance and poverty reduction. The panel‐data set is constructed from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys during 2002–2008. The results show that access to microfinance in the previous period significantly improves per adult‐equivalent income and consumption of the households in the current period. However, previous participation in microfinance programs is not sufficient to help households escape from poverty. In addition, both private and government bank loans significantly help improve household per adult‐equivalent income, consumption, and poverty rates. The empirical results imply that a larger loan size, diversified loans for different consumption purposes, and improvement in infrastructure and facilities, especially in rural areas, are believed to help reduce poverty.

Mortality benefits of reduction fine particulate matter in Vietnam, 2019.

Studies assessing the health benefits of air pollution reduction in Vietnam are scarce. This study quantified the annual mortality burden due to PM2.5 pollution in Vietnam above the World Health Organization recommendation for community health (AQG: 5 μg/m3) and the proposed National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality (proposed QCVN: 15 μg/m3). This study applied a health impact assessment methodology with the hazard risk function for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and lower respiratory infections (LRIs) in the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) to calculate attributable deaths, Years of Life lost, and Loss of Life expectancy at birth due to air pollution in the Vietnamese population above 25 years of age in 11 provinces. We obtained annual average PM2.5 concentrations for Vietnam in 2019 at a 3x3 km grid modeled using Mixed Linear regression and multi-data sources. Population and baseline mortality data were obtained from administrative data system in Vietnam. We reported the findings at both the provincial and smaller district levels. Annual PM2.5 concentrations in all studied provinces exceeded both the AQG and the proposed QCVN. The maximum annual number of attributable deaths in the studied provinces if they had complied with WHO air quality guidelines was in Ha Noi City, with 5,090 (95%CI: 4,253-5,888) attributable deaths. At the district level, the highest annual rate of attributable deaths if the WHO recommendation for community health had been met was 104.6 (95%CI: 87.0-121.5) attributable deaths per 100,000 population in Ly Nhan (Ha Nam province). A much larger number of premature deaths in Vietnam could potentially be avoided by lowering the recommended air quality standard. These results highlight the need for effective clean air action plans by local authorities to reduce air pollution and improve community health.

Justice-Involved Veterans & Social Work: A Resource Dependence Theory Perspective

The salience of justice-involved military veterans endures as a pervasive social problem in the United States of America (USA). Since the 1980’s the percentages of Justice-Involved Veterans (JIV) have varied from a reduction in Vietnam to increasing numbers of Global War on Terror (GWOT) veterans (Bureau of Justice Statistics Report, 2015). In response, there has been a proliferation of magistrate diversion, correctional specialty units, Veterans Treatment Courts (VTC) and programming for JIV. Much of the progress is due to concerted identification and organizational sharing of resources. The USA Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), courts, corrections and non-profit organizations (NPO) provide a valuable service to our military men and women to remediate the JIV needs. Social work plays at critical in practice areas at the penal, VA and NPO systems in the USA. The JIV population are examined through the lens of social work practice, resource dependence theory (RDT), case example and future direction. The examination highlights the importance of internal and external resources and partnerships to meet organizational goals and to remediate JIV psycho-social problems.

The Impact of Institutions on Multidimensional Poverty Reduction in Vietnam

For many years, poverty has been a problem in many developing countries in general and in Vietnam in particular. Studies assessing the impact of institutions on multidimensional poverty have only been applied in Vietnam since 2016. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of institutions on multidimensional poverty reduction in Vietnam using multilevel data at household and provincial levels in Vietnam. Institution is calculated from a survey of people's perceptions on three aspects (performance, quality of policy implementation, and service delivery by local governments) from 63 provinces and cities in Vietnam to advocate for effective and responsive governance. The results assert the positive impact of institutional efficiency on reducing multidimensional poverty using multilevel Probit models. The study also indicates that the impact of institutions on multidimensional poverty is different among localities, and for urban and high-income localities the institutions have a reverse impact.

The Impact of Fiscal Decentralization on Poverty Reduction in Vietnam

In Vietnam, the issue of decentralization and implementation of decentralization have been a concern for a long time. This study focuses on the impact of fiscal decentralization on poverty reduction in Vietnam. Based on the provincial data with the use of the two-stage least squares method (2SLS), the estimation results obtained for the two periods show that fiscal decentralization had an impact on income/expenditure poverty reduction in the period from 2010–2015 and it had no significant effect on multidimensional poverty reduction in the period from 2016–2019. The study also found that economic growth, education and local welfare spending had an impact on poverty reduction in both stages, in which the impact of economic growth is relatively large, while the impact of welfare expenditures is relatively small in the locality. Improving infrastructure through information networks and increasing participation of people at the grassroots level have no impact on income/expenditure poverty reduction and multidimensional poverty in both the 2010–2015 and 2016–2019 periods.

Drug Harm Reduction in Vietnam: A Review of Stakeholders' Perspectives and Implications for Future Interventions.

Objectives. To determine how harm reduction should be applied in low-resource countries such as Vietnam by exploring the perspectives of people who use drugs (PWUD), health care professionals, and policymakers regarding methadone treatment and harm reduction strategies. Methods. We conducted 2 qualitative studies in Vietnam between 2016 and 2021. We interviewed 62 PWUD and 22 experts in drug policy development and drug treatment programs, conducted observations at methadone clinics and harm reduction program meetings, and analyzed drug policy documents. Results. PWUD considered methadone treatment only as a transition to a drug-free life. Policymakers deemed harm reduction ineffective and continued to enforce arrest and incarceration of PWUD. Drug intervention programs are not yet geared to providing specialized services. Effective communication strategies and information on evidence-based harm reduction models are inadequate to help policymakers make the right decisions. Conclusions. Harm reduction principles have not been fully adopted in Vietnam. A harm reduction strategy based on a more humanistic approach that goes beyond a biomedicalized approach is urgently needed in Vietnam and other countries in the Global South. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(S2):S182-S190. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306764).

The private sector and multidimensional poverty reduction in Vietnam: A cross‐province panel data analysis

AbstractThis study examines the role of private sector development (PSD) in multidimensional poverty alleviation in Vietnam, using provincial panel data for the 2010–2019 period. PSD is measured as the proportion of the workforce in (i) all private firms, (ii) domestic private firms, and (iii) multinational firms, respectively. We use a two‐step general method of moment estimator to account for unobservable heterogeneity, simultaneity, and the relationship between current provincial characteristics and past provincial poverty. We find that each percentage point increase in private sector employment contributes to a reduction of 0.30% and 0.31% in multidimensional poverty and monetary poverty, respectively. Notably, further analysis confirms that a similar effect is also found for both domestic private and multinational enterprises. In addition, our study finds that economic growth and educational attainment emerge as major factors mitigating multidimensional and unidimensional poverty, while income inequality increases both poverty measures.

Child Labor and Poverty Reduction in Vietnam: Issues and Policy Implications

There is a relationship between child labor and poverty. The unaffordable financial state of households is the main reason to force children to become workers at an early age. One of the main points to respond to eliminating and preventing child labor is how to reduce poverty. Accordingly, many legal tools are designed and applied, such as forming regulations in finance supports and vocational training programs. This study provided practical evidence on the link between child labor and poverty in Vietnam as well as analysis on which legal measures the Vietnamese Government has done to tackle child labor based on the poverty approach. It was followed by some recommendations to eliminate child labor, especially in the context that negative impacts of COVID-19 pandemic push children to fall into poverty again and force them to continue to work in early-stage in most countries, including Vietnam. The study used a qualitative approach, including on desk review and a second-date analysis on regulations on child labor and poverty reduction policies in Vietnam. This study found that there existed a gap between policies on poverty to reduce child labor and practices. Comprehensive approaches in making policies, as well as law enforcement, are the core reasons. The gap should be overcome by providing unified action plans with an effective governmental authority system.
 KEYWORDS: Child Labor, Children Rights, Poverty Reduction.

Subjective satisfaction and objective electricity poverty reduction in Vietnam, 2008–2018

PurposeThe authors estimate the reduction of electricity poverty in Vietnam. The essential argument is that human development is about subjective feeling as much as technology and income.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a self-reported satisfaction indicator as complementary to objective indicators based on national household surveys from 2008 to 2018.FindingsIn 2010, the fraction of households with access to electricity was over 96%. However, over 24% declared their electricity use did not meet their needs. Since 2014, the satisfaction rate is around 97%, even if 25% of the households used less than 50 kWh/month. Today there is electricity for all in Vietnam, but electricity bills weigh more and more in the budget of households.Practical implicationsThe subjective energy poverty measure allows better international statistics: unlike poverty or needs-based criteria, self-assessed satisfaction of needs compares across income levels and climates.Social implicationsInequalities in electricity use among Vietnamese households decreased during the 2008–2018 period, but are not greater than inequalities in income, contrary to the findings of Son and Yoon (2020).Originality/valueEngineering and econometric objectivist approaches dominate the literature on sustainability monitoring. Out of 232 sustainable development goal (SDG) indicators, only two are subjective. Yet the findings show that subjective indicators tell a different part of the story. Access is not grid building, but the meaningful provision of electricity to satisfy the needs.

Spatial Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Poverty Reduction in Vietnam

In this study, we analyze the spatial effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on poverty reduction in Vietnam. This study uses the provincial-level panel data and the fixed-effects regression and the spatial econometric model to investigate empirically the impact of FDI on poverty reduction in Vietnam. The study finds that FDI has contributed to poverty reduction not only directly but also indirectly through human capital. However, FDI has indirectly worsened poverty through international trade. In addition, empirical results from the spatial econometric model show that FDI tends to decrease poverty in provinces. Finally, the study has some policy implications to decrease the negative effects of FDI on poverty reduction in Vietnam.

When the “Strong Arms” Leave the Farms—Migration, Gender Roles and Risk Reduction in Vietnam

For many family farms, migration is one strategy for reducing poverty and vulnerability to both natural hazards and economic risk. While more men typically migrate to work, the implications of this on the household are inconclusive, especially for the women who remain on the farms. This study employs a gender lens to examine the effects of economically driven migration on household decision-making, farm labor and disaster risk reduction, focusing on two disaster-prone regions with high poverty rates in Vietnam: Dien Bien (Northwest) and Ha Tinh (North Central Coast) provinces. Surveys of 228 households with at least one migrant worker showed a new generation of young male and female migrants, and that men over 30 years of age migrated for longer periods and more frequently than their spouses. Intrahousehold impacts differed according to risk strategies. In areas with a lower-risk coping strategy (Dien Bien), seasonal jobs coincided with periods of less intense farming activities. During the absence of male family members, women temporarily made more domestic decisions. In areas with a higher-risk adaptation strategy (Ha Tinh), farming was planned for longer absences; thus decisions remained largely unchanged. Remittances invested into agriculture contributed to shortening the recovery period after disasters and, in some cases, diversifying farming systems. The migrant’s absence was offset by relatives and neighbors as essential labor reserves. New resilient farming systems need to be disaster proof, gender-sensitive and free up labor.

Hunger Eradication and Poverty Reduction in Vietnam: Achievements and Lessons Learned

Hunger Eradication and Poverty Reduction in Vietnam: Achievements and Lessons Learned

Application of the Structure Equation Model: Impacts of Socio-economic Changes on Poverty Reduction in Vietnam's Ethnic Minority Region

In 2018, ethnic minority region of Vietnam has the rate of poor and near-poor households 3.5 times higher than the national average. There are many studies that have pointed out the causes of high poverty in ethnic minority areas and proposed policies to reduce poverty. However, poverty among ethnic minority groups remains an increasing and prolonged challenge. This article applies the structural equation model to consider impacts of socio-economic changes on poverty reduction in ethnic minority areas in Vietnam over the past 5 years, to provide recommendations for poverty reduction policies for ethnic minorities. Research results show that in addition to improving the quality of education, strengthening management and improving the quality of cultural activities, focusing on improving the spiritual significance of cultural activities - festivals - movements and promotion of ethnic minority identity can be the key to poverty reduction in these regions.