Reduction In Transfer Rate Research Articles

Palliative Care Utilization and Hospital Transfers in Veterans Treated in Telecritical Care-Supported Intensive Care Units Versus Non-Telecritical Care Intensive Care Units.

Background: Although telecritical care (TCC) implementation is associated with reduced mortality and interhospital transfer rates, its impact on goal-concordant care delivery in critical illness is unknown. We hypothesized that implementation of TCC across the Veterans' Health Administration system resulted in increased palliative care consultation and goals of care evaluation, yielding reduced transfer rates. Methods: We included veterans admitted to intensive care units between 2008 and 2022. We compared palliative care consultation and transfer rates before and after TCC implementation with rates in facilities that never implemented TCC. We used generalized linear mixed multivariable models to assess the associations between TCC initiation, palliative care consultation, and transfer and subsequently used mediation analysis to evaluate potential causality in this relationship. Results: Overall, 1,020,901 veterans met inclusion criteria. Demographic characteristics of patients were largely comparable across groups, although TCC facilities served more rural veterans. Palliative care consultation rates increased substantially in both ever-TCC and never-TCC hospitals during the study period (2.3%-4.3%, and 1.6%-4.7%, p < 0.01). Admissions post-TCC implementation were associated with an increased likelihood of palliative care consultation (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.15). TCC implementation was also associated with a reduction in transfer rates (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84-0.95). Mediation analysis did not demonstrate a causal relationship between TCC implementation, palliative care consultation, and reductions in interhospital transfer rate. Conclusions: TCC is associated with increased palliative care engagement, while TCC and palliative care engagement are both independently related to reduced transfers.

Optimization computer network and bluetooth technology for parallel analysis of data transmission in programming

Technological problems and transmit data can be given a solution using Bluetooth technology. Bluetooth technology is used to transmit data over a distance of about 15 m. This data transmission analysis aims to apply and implement damping on the glass wall using a bluetooth device, in sending data files to replace the function of the data cable. So with this problem, a room that is partitioned using glass walls is designed and built. The hypotheses made: The material barrier factor between the master and slave greatly affects the attenuation of the received signal. In addition to the above factors, attenuation is also influenced by the distance between the master and slave. With two glass skate partitions and the distance between the master and slave will affect the data transfer speed. This study is to determine the attenuation of the double glass wall between the user and the server on the LAN network, using 15 PCs that are placed in a glass-insulated room on the same floor. The Bluetooth used is class 2 with a power of 2.5 m watts with a range of 15 m. The result of this research trial is that attenuation in a room with a glass wall in the room produces power losses, only experienced by the signal between the master and slave, the farther the distance the signal attenuation is, the greater the power losses, which results in more the amount of reduction in transfer rate from master to slave. Communication between computers through the use of USB. Bluetooth is only a simulation signal propagation. One room is used the floor is insulated by glass wall with size of 3m x 3m to measure the master room, 5 x 5m for the slave room. The distance between the server room and the slave room 3m.

Effects of hydromagnetic and chemical reaction over a stagnation point flow of horizontal stretching/shrinking cylinder in Ag-CuO/water hybrid nanofluid

PurposeThis paper aims to explore on stagnation point flow of Ag-CuO/water over a horizontal stretching/shrinking cylinder by adding the effect of chemical reaction, B together with the magnetic field, M.Design/methodology/approachA set of reduced ordinary differential equations from the governing equations of partial differential equations is obtained through similarities requirements. The resulting equations are solved using bvp4c in MATLAB2019a. The impact of various physical parameters such as curvature parameter, , chemical reaction rate, B, magnetic field, M and Schmidt numbers, Sc on shear stress, local heat flux, and mass transfer, also for velocity, , temperature, θ(η) and concentration, ∅(η) profiles have been plotted and briefly discussed. In this work, some vital characteristics such as local skin friction, , local Nusselt number, and local Sherwood number, are chosen for physical and numerical analysis.FindingsThe findings expose that the duality of solutions appears in a shrinking region ( < 0). The value of skin friction, heat transfer rate and mass transfer rate reduction for existing of M, but in contrary result obtain for larger ϒ, B and Sc. Furthermore, the hybrid nanofluid demonstrates better heat transfer compared to nanofluid.Practical implicationsThe hybrid nanofluid has widened its applications such as in electronic cooling, manufacturing, automotive, heat exchanger, solar energy, heat pipes and biomedical, as their efficiency in the heat transfer field is better compared to nanofluid.Originality/valueThe findings on stagnation point flow of Ag-CuO/water over a horizontal stretching/shrinking cylinder with the effect of chemical reaction, B and magnetic field, M is new and the originality is preserved for the benefits of future researchers.

The use of FPGA in drift chambers for data transfer rate reduction

The widespread use in drift chambers of light helium-based gas mixtures is aimed to minimize the multiple scattering contribution to the momentum measurement for low momentum particles. However, because of the limited number of ionization clusters produced, these gas mixtures introduce a substantial bias in the impact parameter estimate, particularly for short impact parameters and small drift cells. Recently, an alternative impact parameter reconstruction technique (Cluster Timing) has been proposed, which consists in using, with statistical considerations, the distribution of the drift times of all individual ionization clusters, to reduce the bias and, consequently, to improve the spatial resolution. A hardware test of such application is illustrated with the details of the applied algorithm.

ATA2020 Session Summaries (Abstracts)

ATA2020 Session Summaries (Abstracts)

Statistical Based Algorithm for Reducing Residual Error in Embedded Systems Implemented Using the Controller Area Network

In this paper, a new approach is introduced to reduce bit stuffing and consequently residual error probability in the controller area network (CAN). The proposed method is based on XOR masking. Unlike the XOR method, the proposed approach does not use a fixed mask for all IDs. Using statistical parameters of data, a proper mask for each CAN ID is generated and applied to the messages before transmitting. The performance of the method to reduce bit stuffing and residual error probability has been evaluated by considering a real data set. Results show that the method can significantly reduce bit stuffing and residual error probability. A comparison has been also conducted with previously reported methods. The results show the superiority of the SMC method in reducing residual error without payload and data transfer rate reduction.

Mixed convection heat transfer of a nanofluid in a lid-driven enclosure with two adherent porous blocks

Convective flow and heat transfer in an alumina/water nanofluid enclosure having two centered adherent porous blocks under the effect of moving upper wall have been analyzed numerically. The control parameters are the Richardson number (0.01 ≤ Ri ≤ 10), dimensionless porous blocks size (0.1 ≤ δ ≤ 0.4) and concentration of solid nanoparticles (0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.04). The calculated results have shown the growth of the heat transfer rate with nanoparticles concentration for forced convection regime (Ri < 1) and the heat transfer rate reduction for mixed and natural convection regimes (Ri ≥ 1) for the medium size of the porous blocks, while the average Nusselt number increases with the Richardson number for high size of porous blocks.

Free convection of copper–water nanofluid in a porous gap between hot rectangular cylinder and cold circular cylinder under the effect of inclined magnetic field

Natural convection heat transfer of copper–water nanofluid in a porous gap between hot internal rectangular cylinder and cold external circular cylinder under the effect of inclined uniform magnetic field has been investigated. Domain of interest is a porous sector, where horizontal and vertical adiabatic borders are the external circular cylinder radii. Governing equations formulated in dimensionless stream function, vorticity and temperature variables using the Brinkman-extended Darcy model for the porous medium, single-phase nanofluid model with Brinkman correlation for the nanofluid viscosity and Hamilton and Crosser model for the nanofluid thermal conductivity have been solved numerically by the control volume finite element method. Effects of the Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, Darcy number, magnetic field inclination angle, nanoparticles volume fraction, nanoparticles shape factor, nanoparticles material, nanofluid thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity models and nanofluid electrical conductivity correlation on streamlines, isotherms, local and average Nusselt numbers have been studied. Obtained results have shown the heat transfer enhancement with the Rayleigh number, Darcy number, nanoparticles volume fraction and nanoparticles shape factor, while the heat transfer rate reduces with the Hartmann number and magnetic field inclination angle. At the same time, the average Nusselt number increases at about 16% when nanoparticles volume fraction rises from 0 till 4% for Ra = 105, Ha = 25, while for Ha = 0 one can find the heat transfer rate augmentation at about 9% for the same conditions. In the case of different nanofluid thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity models, it has been found that KKL model reflects the heat transfer rate reduction with nanoparticles volume fraction, while for the Hamilton–Crosser–Brinkman model, the heat transfer rate increases. Comparison between the Maxwell correlation for the nanofluid electrical conductivity and the base fluid electrical conductivity illustrates an intensification of the convective heat transfer rate for high values of the Rayleigh number (Ra ≥ 104) in the case of Maxwell correlation for the nanofluid electrical conductivity. At the same time, the effect of the nanoparticles volume fraction becomes more significant when nanofluid electrical conductivity is a function of nanoparticles volume fraction.

Marangoni natural convection in a cubical cavity filled with a nanofluid

Natural convection in a differentially heated cubical cavity filled with a water-based nanofluid under the Marangoni effect from the upper free surface is studied numerically. It is supposed that the Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis are the major slip mechanisms for nanoparticles. Dimensionless governing equations formulated using vector potential functions, vorticity vector and temperature have been solved by the finite difference method of the second-order accuracy. It should be noted that the Marangoni effect is owing to the dependences of surface tension on the temperature and nanoparticles concentration. The effects of the Marangoni number, Lewis number, buoyancy ratio parameter, Brownian diffusion parameter and thermophoresis parameter on nanofluid flow, heat and mass transfer have been analyzed. It has been revealed that a growth of Marangoni number results in the heat transfer rate reduction.

A Novel Segment-Based Data Transfer Scheme for Low-Power CMOS Surveillance Image Sensors

Smart image sensors with low data rate output are well fitted for security and surveillance tasks, since at lower data rates, power consumption is reduced and the image sensor can be operated with limited energy resources such as solar panels. In this paper, a new data transfer scheme is presented to reduce the data rate of the pixels which have undergone value change. Although different pixel difference detecting architectures have been previously reported but it is shown that the given method is more effective in terms of power dissipation and data transfer rate reduction. The proposed architecture is evaluated as a [Formula: see text]-pixel sensor in a standard CMOS technology and comparison with other data transfer approaches is performed in the same process and configuration.

Effect of uniform inclined magnetic field on mixed convection in a lid-driven cavity having a horizontal porous layer saturated with a ferrofluid

MHD mixed convection in a lid-driven cavity with partially filled with a porous medium saturated with a ferrofluid has been analyzed numerically. The domain of interest consists of a bottom porous layer and a nanofluid layer over the porous one with a heated motionless bottom wall and cooled upper moved wall. The governing partial differential equations formulated on the basis of a single-phase model for nanofluid, Brinkman-extended Darcy model for porous layer and Boussinesq approximation for buoyancy force have been solved by finite difference method of the second-order accuracy. Analysis has been carried out for a wide range of Hartmann number, magnetic field inclination angle, Darcy number, porous layer height, and nanoparticles volume fraction. It has been revealed that average Nusselt number is a non-monotonic function of Darcy number and porous layer height, while a growth of Hartmann number illustrates the heat transfer rate reduction.

Natural convection heat transfer combined with melting process in a cubical cavity under the effects of uniform inclined magnetic field and local heat source

Natural convective heat transfer combined with melting in a cubical cavity filled with a pure gallium under the effects of inclined uniform magnetic field and local heater has been studied numerically. The domain of interest is an enclosure bounded by two isothermal opposite vertical surfaces of low constant temperature and adiabatic other walls. A heat source of constant temperature is located on the bottom wall. An inclined uniform magnetic field affects the melting process inside the cavity. The governing equations formulated in dimensionless vector potential functions, vorticity vector and temperature with corresponding initial and boundary conditions have been solved using implicit finite difference method of the second-order accuracy. The effects of the Hartmann number, magnetic field inclination angle and dimensionless time on streamlines, isotherms, profiles of temperature and velocity as well as mean Nusselt number at the heat source surface have been analyzed. The obtained results revealed that a growth of magnetic field intensity reflects the convective flow suppression and heat transfer rate reduction. High values of Hartmann number homogenize the liquid flow and heat transfer inside the melting zone.

The numerical study of Pro-autoclaved concrete effect as the thermal bridges Insulation of Residential Building facades and its Effect on Building Heat Transfer Rate Reduction

The outer wall of buildings, are known as the most important portion of building, separating the controlled inner environment from the un-controlled outer environment. In addition to the forming element properties of outer crust, the way of element connection to each other is one of the determiningfactor in energy consuming amount.If these considerations didn't respected,the considerable thermal bridges will be created that can reduce the effect of different elements of crust and increase the heat transfer via the outer crust.In this study, the effect of outer wall thermal bridge insulation by the Pro-autoclave concrete has been surveyed. The insulation of this portion can reduce the outer wall heat transfer about the 56.4 %. Keywords: thermal Bridge, Pro-autoclave concrete

Easing the wheeze.

Easing the wheeze.

Triage Patterns for Medicare Patients Presenting to Nontrauma Hospitals With Moderate or Severe Injuries

To understand hospital-level variation in triage practices for patients with moderate-to-severe injuries presenting initially to nontrauma centers. Many patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic injuries receive care at nontrauma hospitals, despite evidence of a survival benefit from treatment at trauma centers. We used claims from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to identify patients with moderate-to-severe injuries who presented initially to nontrauma centers. We determined whether or not they were transferred to a level I or II trauma center within 24 hours of presentation, and used multivariate regression to assess the influence of hospital-level factors on triage practices, after adjusting for differences in case mix. Transfer of patients with moderate-to-severe injuries to trauma centers occurred infrequently, with significant variation among hospitals (median 2%; interquartile range 1%-6%). Greater resource availability at nontrauma centers was associated with lower rates of successful triage, including the presence of neurosurgeons (relative reduction in transfer rate: 76%, P < 0.01), more than 20 intensive care unit beds (relative reduction 30%, P < 0.01) and a high resident-to-bed ratio (relative reduction 23%, P < 0.01). However, patients were more likely to survive if they presented to hospitals with higher triage rates (odds of death for patients cared for at hospitals with the highest tercile of triage rates, compared with lowest tercile: 0.92; 95% confidence interval: 0.85-0.99, P = 0.02). Injured Medicare beneficiaries presenting to nontrauma centers experience high rates of undertriage, determined in part by increasing availability of resources. Care at hospitals with low rates of successful triage is associated with worse outcomes.

On the placement of a phase change material thermal shield within the cavity of buildings walls for heat transfer rate reduction

PCMs (Phase change materials) are used to enhance the thermal storage capacity of building walls, decrease indoor air temperature fluctuations, and shift peak heat transfer rates to off-peak times. PCM location within building walls is recognized to be critical for the optimum performance of the system. One possible integration of the PCM into a wall could be via a PCM-layer or “shield,” herein referred to as “PCMTS” (PCM Thermal Shield). A prototype PCMTS was developed and its thermal performance was evaluated in three different locations within the cavity of a typical North American residential wall system using a dynamic wall simulator in this paper. The experimental results showed that, compared to a wall without a PCMTS, the peak heat fluxes were reduced by as much as 11% when the thermal shield was placed in the inward-most location next to the internal face of the gypsum wallboard within the wall cavity. The PCM thermal shield produced only small effects on the peak heat fluxes when it was placed half way between the enclosing surfaces of the internal cavity of the wall and almost no effect when it was placed next to the internal face of the outermost layer of the wall.

Enzymatic Galactosylation of Cello‐ and Chito‐Oligomers

Terminal galactosylations of cello‐ and chito‐oligomers are studied employing galactosyltransferase with and without α‐lactalbumin. The lactose synthase complex allows just for galactosylation of cellobiose in lower yield but not for higher cello‐oligomers. In contrast, the affinity in galactosylation of chito‐oligomers increases with higher members to reach the maximum at chitohexaose with only a 30% reduction in transfer rate. In addition to kinetic data, preparative studies with a number of acceptor substrates gave galactosylated oligosaccharides in high yields.

On the heat transfer rate reduction of structural insulated panels (SIPs) outfitted with phase change materials (PCMs)

This paper presents a study on the integration of two building technologies into one new unified form for application in residential and small commercial and industrial buildings. Structural insulated panel (SIP) technology was utilized as a structural vehicle, and also for thermal insulation, and phase change materials (PCMs) provided distributed thermal mass. This new type of wall panel was termed phase change material structural insulated panel (PCMSIP). The research conducted during this study provided the foundations for the development of this type of thermally enhanced wall panels and evaluated their thermal performance, based on heat transfer rate reduction, under full weather conditions. On average, the peak heat flux reductions produced by the PCMSIPs in combination with 10% and 20% PCM were 37% and 62%, respectively. The average reductions in daily heat transfer across the PCMSIPs were 33% and 38% for concentrations of 10% and 20% PCM, respectively. The percent PCM concentration was based on the weight of the interior wallboard.

Heat gain reduction by means of thermoelectric roof solar collector

This paper presents a numerical investigation on attic heat gain reduction by using thermoelectric modules integrated in a conventional roof solar collector (RSC). This system, called thermoelectric roof solar collector (TE-RSC), is composed of a transparent glass, air gap, a copper plate, thermoelectric modules (TE) and rectangular fin heat sink. Due to the incident solar radiation, a temperature difference is created between the hot and cold sides of TE modules that generates a direct current. This current is used to drive a ventilating fan for cooling the TE-RSC and enhancing attic ventilation that reduces ceiling heat gain. The system performance was simulated using TRNSYS program with new TE and DC fan components developed by our team and compared to a common house. Simulation results using real house configuration showed that a TE-RSC unit of 0.0525 m 2 surface area can generate about 9 W under 972 W/m 2 global solar radiation and 35 °C ambient temperature. The induced air change varied between 20 and 40 and the corresponding ceiling heat transfer rate reduction is about 3–5 W/m 2. The annual electrical energy saving was about 362 kWh. Finally, economical calculations indicated that the payback period of the TE-RSC is 4.36 years and the internal rate of return is 22.05%.

Combined convection on a vertical slender cylinder in a micropolar fluid

An analysis is presented for the steady state mixed convective boundary layer flow of a micropolar fluid along vertical slender cylinders. The governing equations have been solved numerically. Results for the friction factor, Nusselt number as well as the details of flow and temperature fields are displayed for a range of values of the transverse curvature and material parameters for the micropolar fluid. It is observed that micropolar fluids display drag reduction as well as heat transfer rate reduction when compared to Newtonian fluids.