Reduction In Total Cholesterol Levels Research Articles

Altered Brain Cholesterol Machinery in a Down Syndrome Mouse Model: A Possible Common Feature with Alzheimer's Disease.

Down syndrome (DS) is a complex chromosomal disorder considered as a genetically determined form of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Maintenance of brain cholesterol homeostasis is essential for brain functioning and development, and its dysregulation is associated with AD neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. Brain cholesterol imbalances also likely occur in DS, concurring with the precocious AD-like neurodegeneration. In this pilot study, we analyzed, in the brain of the Ts2Cje (Ts2) mouse model of DS, the expression of genes encoding key enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism and of the levels of cholesterol and its main precursors and products of its metabolism (i.e., oxysterols). The results showed, in Ts2 mice compared to euploid mice, the downregulation of the transcription of the genes encoding the enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and 24-dehydrocholesterol reductase, the latter originally recognized as an indicator of AD, and the consequent reduction in total cholesterol levels. Moreover, the expression of genes encoding enzymes responsible for brain cholesterol oxidation and the amounts of the resulting oxysterols were modified in Ts2 mouse brains, and the levels of cholesterol autoxidation products were increased, suggesting an exacerbation of cerebral oxidative stress. We also observed an enhanced inflammatory response in Ts2 mice, underlined by the upregulation of the transcription of the genes encoding for α-interferon and interleukin-6, two cytokines whose synthesis is increased in the brains of AD patients. Overall, these results suggest that DS and AD brains share cholesterol cycle derangements and altered oxysterol levels, which may contribute to the oxidative and inflammatory events involved in both diseases.

The Effect of Acupuncture Therapy at ST 40 (Fenglong), SP 6 (Sanyinjiao) and Avocado Juice on Reducing Total Cholesterol Levels in High Cholesterol Cases in Duwetan Ngunut Jumantono

<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypercholesterolemia is a condition where the cholesterol levels in the blood exceed normal levels. One of the non-pharmacological therapeutic treatments for patients with hypercholesterolemia is acupuncture therapy and providing nutritious food intake. This study aims to determine the effect of acupuncture points at ST 40 (Fenglong), SP 6 (Sanyinjiao) and avocado juice on reducing total cholesterol levels in cases of high cholesterol in Duwetan Ngunut Jumantono</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Design of this research<em>Quasy experimental </em>with the two groups pretest-posttest design method. January - August 2023 in Duwetan Ngunut village, Jumantono, Karang Anyar. The sampling technique was Purposive Random Sampling of 38 research subjects. Data collection uses primary data, namely the results of measuring total cholesterol levels. Research analysis consisted of univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong>There was an effect of acupuncture therapy at points ST 40 (Fenglong), SP 6 (Sanyinjiao) (p=0.0018) and a combination of avocado juice (p=0.0001) on reducing total cholesterol levels. There was a difference in the reduction in total cholesterol levels after being given the intervention (p=0.007) in the acupuncture therapy group (Mean= 219.79; SD= 39.35) and the avocado juice combination acupuncture group (Mean= 181.63 SD= 36.63).</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong>There was a decrease in total cholesterol levels after being given acupuncture therapy at points ST 40 (Fenglong), SP 6 (Sanyinjiao) and a combination of avocado juice in the Duwetan Ngunut Jumantono village community.</p>

The effects of SOY extract nutraceuticals on postmenopausal women’s health: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Postmenopausal women experience physiological changes due to estrogen decline, affecting skin aging, bone health, and quality of life. The present study investigated the effects of the soy extract nutraceutical (SOY) product on facial skin health, bone turnover markers, menopausal symptoms, and quality of life in postmenopausal women by means of a randomized controlled trial. The effects of the product on lipids profiles, glucose levels, and insulin parameters were also explored. Participants received either the SOY product (n = 50) or a placebo (n = 50) for 12 weeks. The results showed significant improvements in facial skin wrinkle and bone turnover markers in the SOY group. While no major differences were observed in menopausal symptoms and quality of life between groups, the SOY group exhibited a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels. This study underscores the SOY product’s potential in addressing facial skin aging, bone health, and cholesterol management in postmenopausal women.

Effect of camel milk on lipid profile among patients with diabetes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials

The effects of camel milk (CM) intake on lipid profile among patients with diabetes remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to calculate the effect size of CM intake on blood lipids among patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. We searched nine databases from inception until December 31, 2022, to identify relevant RCTs. Effect sizes for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were calculated and expressed using mean differences (MD) and confidence intervals (CI). Of 4,054 retrieved articles, 10 RCTs (a total of 347 participants aged 8–70 years, 60.5% male) were eligible for inclusion. The pooled results from a random-effects model showed statistically significant decreases in TC (MD − 21.69, 95% CI: 41.05, − 2.33; p = 0.03; I2=99%), TG (MD − 19.79, 95% CI: −36.16, − 3.42; p=0.02, I2=99%), and LDL (MD −11.92, CI: −20.57, −3.26; p = 0.007, I2=88%), and a significant increase in HDL (MD 10.37, 95% CI, 1.90, 18.84; p=0.02, I2=95%) in patients with diabetes supplemented with CM compared with usual care alone. Subgroup analysis revealed that only long-term interventions (> 6 months) elicited a significant reduction in TC levels and TG levels. Consumption of fresh CM by patients with diabetes resulted in significant reductions in TC, TG, and LDL levels, while showing a significant increase in HDL levels. Patients with T1D elicited a more beneficial effect in lowering TC, LDL, and TG levels and in increasing HDL levels than their corresponding partners with T2D. In conclusion, long-term consumption of CM for patients with diabetes, especially those with T1D, could be a useful adjuvant therapy to improve lipid profile alongside prescribed medications. However, the high heterogeneity in the included studies suggests that more RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer intervention durations are required to improve the robustness of the available evidence.

Effect Of Combination Decafeinated Green Tea and Green Coffee In Reducing Cholesterol Levels In Patients With Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Green tea and green coffee are natural ingredients that improve cholesterol levels. Combining the two in experimental animal studies provides more significant benefits when compared to single administration in reducing cholesterol levels. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of decaffeinated green tea and green coffee as adjuvant treatments in reducing blood cholesterol levels. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 90 metabolic syndrome patients determined according to the IDF criteria for Asian people aged 50–70. All subjects received atorvastatin 20 mg and were divided into three groups. Participants in Group 1 received decaffeinated green tea and green coffee 2.5 grams twice daily, Group 2 received 5 grams daily, and Group 3 received a placebo. The total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglyceride levels were measured at the beginning and the end of the study. Results: At 90 days, after administration of the extract of decaffeinated green tea and green coffee, we found that the concentration of total cholesterol in Group 1 and Group 2 was significantly reduced compared to the placebo (-50 ± 6.1 vs. -62.8 ± 5.9 vs. -22.5 ± 5.8 mg/dL; p= <0.05). But there was no significant difference in reduction of total cholesterol levels between the first and second groups. The other parameters also decreased, but not significantly compared to the placebo group. Conclusion: Administration of a combination of decaffeinated green tea extract and green coffee as an adjunctive therapy can reduce the average total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels more than placebo, but only total cholesterol has a significant difference compared to other cholesterol components.

Investigating the effect of Pinus brutia bark on Pancreatic lipase and adiposity index in high-fat diet induced obese rats

Obesity has become a global health problem. Orlistat is currently approved as an anti-obesity drug. However, its gastrointestinal side effects may limit its use, and with an alarming increase in obesity percentage there is a need to find new anti-obesity drugs. One of the most common approaches in treating obesity is inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity. In this study, the in vitro inhibitory activity of different polar solvent extracts of Pinus brutia bark against pancreatic lipase was measured using Para-nitrophenyl palmitate as a substrate. The ethanol extract showed the best anti-lipase activity with IC50 value of 0.07 mg/ml and was better than Orlistat. The anti-obesity activity of this extract was evaluated in vivo using high-fat diet induced obesity in wistar rats. Oral treatments with ethanol extract for 6 weeks precluded the increase in rats body weight and serum triglyceridesin in Pinus group similar to Orlistat group (positive control). Moreover, the adiposity index in Pinus group was similar to Orlistat group (p>0.05). However, the reduction in total cholesterol levels in Orlistat group was better than that in Pinus group (p=0.02). This study showed that ethanol extract of Pinus brutia bark may be useful as a natural anti-obesity agent. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of action of bark extract on triglycerides and obesity.

Abstract 9558: Twenty Five-Year Trends of Serum Cholesterol Levels and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation: The Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program

Introduction: Several studies have indicated high cholesterol is paradoxically associated with low prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the etiology is uncertain. One potential explanation might be the different trends in serum total cholesterol (TC) between AF and non-AF groups. Hypothesis: There are different 25-year trends in TC levels in older men with vs. without incident AF during the 25-year period. Methods: We used data from the Kuakini Honolulu Heart Program, a longitudinal cohort study since 1965. Participants were 3,741 Japanese-American men living in Hawaii who participated in the 4th exam cycle. TC level was repeatedly measured at baseline (mid-life, ages 45-68 years) and after 25 years (late-life, ages 71-93 years). The amount of TC reduction between mid- and late-life was categorized into quartiles. AF was diagnosed by 12-lead ECG at mid- and late-life. We excluded participants who were diagnosed with AF at mid-life (prevalent cases). Results: AF incidence was 4.4% over 25 years. Mid-life TC levels were similar between those with incident AF vs. those without (218.6±36.0mg/dl vs 218.6±35.4mg/dl, p=0.91). However, in those with incident AF, the drop in TC levels between mid- and late-life was significantly larger than in those without AF (-39.4±35.8mg/dl vs -27.9±38.0mg/dl, p<0.001) (Fig1). Moreover, after multivariable adjustment, there was a biological gradient between AF incidence and reduction of TC levels over 25 years (P for tend p<0.001). As a result, the group with incident AF showed significantly lower late-life TC levels compared with the non-AF group (179.7±32.9mg/dl vs 190.3±33.0mg/dl, p<0.001) at late-life (Fig1). Conclusions: Incident AF over 25 years was associated with a greater decrease in serum TC levels between mid- and late-life. The paradoxical associations between AF prevalence and low TC levels might be explained by the different trends in drop from mid- to late-life TC between those with vs. without incident AF.

A mixture of four dietary fibres ameliorates adiposity and improves metabolic profile and intestinal health in cafeteria-fed obese rats: an integrative multi-omics approach

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a mixture of four dietary fibers on obese rats. Four groups of male Wistar rats were fed with either standard chow (STD) or cafeteria diet (CAF) and were orally supplemented with either fibre mixture (2 g kg−1 of body weight) (STD+F or CAF+F groups) or vehicle (STD+VH or CAF+VH groups). We studied a wide number of biometric, biochemical, transcriptomic, metagenomic and metabolomic variables and applied an integrative multivariate approach based on multiple factor analysis and Pearson's correlation analysis. A significant reduction in body weight, adiposity, HbA1c and HDL-cholesterol serum levels, and colon MPO activity was observed, whereas cecal weight and small intestine length:weight ratio were significantly increased in F-treated groups compared to control animals. CAF+F rats displayed a significant enhancement in energy expenditure, fat oxidation and fresh stool weight, and a significant reduction in adiponectin and LPS serum levels, compared to control group. Animals in STD+F group showed reduced serum LDL-cholesterol levels and a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels in the liver compared to STF+VH group. The intervention effect was reflected at the metabolomic (i.e., production of short-chain fatty acids, phenolic acids, and amino acids), metagenomic (i.e., modulation of Ruminococcus and Lactobacillus genus) and transcriptomic (i.e., expression of tight junctions and proteolysis) levels. Altogether, our integrative multi-omics approach highlights the potential of supplementation with a mixture of fibers to ameliorate the impairments triggered by obesity in terms of adiposity, metabolic profile, and intestinal health.

Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels-a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals.

BackgroundImproving dietary fat quality strongly affects serum cholesterol levels and hence the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have identified dietary fat as a potential modulator of the gut microbiota, a central regulator of host metabolism including lipid metabolism. We have previously shown a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels after replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary fat quality on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids in healthy individuals. In addition, to investigate how changes in gut microbiota correlate with blood lipids, bile acids, and fatty acids.MethodsSeventeen participants completed a randomized, controlled dietary crossover study. The participants received products with SFAs (control) or PUFAs in random order for three days. Fecal samples for gut microbiota analyses and fasting blood samples (lipids, fatty acids, and bile acids) were measured before and after the three-day intervention.ResultsOf a panel of 40 bacteria, Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. were significantly increased after intervention with PUFAs compared with SFAs. Interestingly, changes in Lachnospiraceae, as well as Phascolarlactobacterium sp. and Eubacterium hallii, was also found to be negatively correlated with changes in total cholesterol levels after replacing the intake of SFAs with PUFAs for three days. No significant differences in SCFAs or bile acids were found after the intervention.ConclusionReplacing SFAs with PUFAs increased the abundance of the gut microbiota family of Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. Furthermore, the reduction in total cholesterol after improving dietary fat quality correlated with changes in the gut microbiota family Lachnospiraceae. Future studies are needed to reveal whether Lachnospiraceae may be targeted to reduce total cholesterol levels.Trial registrationThe study was registered at Clinical Trials (https://clinicaltrials.gov/, registration identification number: NCT03658681).

Effects of Implementing Personalized Health Education in Ambulatory Care on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Compliance and Satisfaction with Treatment.

Aim and Methods: Data from the CARDIOPLUS study (a prospective, multicenter, non-interventional study, which was conducted among patients and physicians from ambulatory patient care in Poland) were used to assess whether primary care behavioral counseling interventions to improve diet, increase physical activity, stop smoking and reduce alcohol consumption improve outcomes associated with cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors, metabolic parameters, compliance and satisfaction with treatment in adults. The study was carried out throughout Poland in the period from July to December 2019. Results: The study included 8667 patients—49% women and 51% men aged (63 ± 11 years)—and 862 physician-researchers. At the 3-month follow-up, there was a significant reduction in body weight (p = 0.008); reduction of peripheral arterial pressure, both systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p < 0.001); reduction in total cholesterol levels (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.001), and LDL cholesterol (p < 0.001). The percentage of respondents who fully complied with the doctor’s recommendations increased significantly. The respondents assessed their own satisfaction with the implemented treatment as higher (by about 20%). Conclusions: As a result of pro-health education in the field of lifestyle modifications, a significant reduction of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, as well as improved compliance and satisfaction with pharmacological treatment, was observed. Thus, appropriate personalized advice on lifestyle habits should be given to each examinee in a positive, systematic way following the periodic health check-ups in order to reduce the person’s risk and improve the effectiveness of the treatment.

A Comparative Study on Clinical Evaluation of the Hypolipidemic Effects of Allium sativum, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Commiphora mukul, Picrorhiza kurroa, and Piper nigrum: A Pilot Study.

BackgroundCardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is essential to prevent cardiovascular diseases by correcting modifiable risk factors such as lowering lipid levels, lowering blood pressure, improving eating habits, giving up smoking, etc. The present study assessed the efficacy of herbal preparation containing Allium sativum (A. sativum), Commiphora mukul (C. mukul), and Trigonella foenum-graecum (T. foenum-graecum) in patients with hyperlipidemia.MethodologyPatients were given extracts of A. sativum 350 mg, T. foenum-graecum 350 mg, C. mukul 200 mg, Picrorhiza kurroa (P. kurroa) 200 mg, and Piper nigrum (P. nigrum) 5 mg. Unichem Laboratories, Mumbai, provided placebo tablets similar in shape and size to herbal tablets. Patients were assessed for compliance, and a complete lipid profile was done at DO, D15, D46, D76, and D106. In addition, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) serum triglyceride were estimated by the respective methods throughout the study.ResultsThe weight of the patients remained stable, the mean weight before being 65.42 ± 8.35 kg and after completion of the study being 65.42 ± 8.35 kg. There were no changes in the ECG during or after the drug therapy in any of the patients. Group A comprised nine patients, and group B had ten patients. Serum creatinine (mg %) was 0.94 and 0.95, fasting blood sugar mg (%) was 111.05 and 99.63, and postprandial blood sugar (mg %) was 150.89 and 147.94 on pre-treatment and post-treatment, respectively. The mean serum triglyceride levels in group A were 271.11, 261.11, 293.89, 167.22, and 128.89, and serum HDL- C levels were 46.11, 46.11, 54.44, 52.22, and 54.44. Serum triglyceride levels in group B were 268, 268.5, 202, 171, and 116, and serum HDL- C levels were 48.5, 48, 50, 50, and 53.5 on day 0, 15, 46, 76, and 106, respectively. A significant reduction in total cholesterol levels was observed on D46, D76, and D106, with a maximum reduction on D76 (25.36%). Similarly, a reduction in serum triglyceride was also observed on D46, D76, and D106, with a maximum reduction on D106 (52.02%). A significant difference was observed (P <0.05). There was also a significant reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) on D46, D76, and D106, with the maximum reduction on D76 (28.79%). There was a significant rise of HDL-C on D46 and D106, with a maximum rise on D106 (15.41%). A significant difference was observed (P <0.05).ConclusionThe study drugs are safe and efficacious in reducing the total cholesterol, serum triglycerides, LDL-C levels, and increasing HDL-C levels.

Role of Phytoestrogen-Rich Bioactive Substances (Linum usitatissimum L., Glycine max L., Trifolium pratense L.) in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this report was to determine the impact of flaxseed, soy and red clover, and their bioactive substances on the lipid profile in postmenopausal women in cardiovascular diseases prevention. We used the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Meta-analysis indicates that the intake of flaxseed by postmenopausal women is associated with a statistically significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC) levels (weighted-mean difference (WMD) = −0.26; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): −0.38 to −0.13; p = 0.0001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (WMD = −0.19; 95% CI: −0.30 to −0.08; p = 0.0006), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (WMD = −0.06; 95% CI: −0.11 to −0.01; p = 0.0150). The effect of soy protein on the lipid profile showed a significant decrease in TC levels: WMD = −0.15; 95% CI: −0.25–0.05; p = 0.0048, LDL-C levels: WMD = −0.15; 95% CI: −0.25–0.05; p = 0.0067, as well as a significant increase in HDL-C levels: WMD = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02–0.08; p = 0.0034. Changes in the lipid profile showed a significant reduction in TC levels after the use of red clover (WMD = −0.11; 95% CI: −0.18–−0.04; p = 0.0017) and a significant increase in HDL-C levels (WMD = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.07; p = 0.0165). This meta-analysis provides evidence that consuming flaxseed, soy and red clover can have a beneficial effect on lipids in postmenopausal women and suggest a favorable effect in preventing cardiovascular diseases.

Inverse Association between Statin Use and Cancer Mortality Relates to Cholesterol Level.

Simple SummaryWe observed that the inverse association between statin use and cancer mortality is limited to men with a reduction in cholesterol after the commencement of statins. These findings demonstrate that the observed inverse association between the use of statins and mortality from cancer is related to cholesterol level. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the separate effects of cholesterol level and statin use on cancer mortality.Statins have been associated with a decreased cancer mortality. However, cholesterol level as such may modify the risk of cancer death. To clarify the complex interplay between statins, cholesterol level, and cancer mortality, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to separate the effects of cholesterol level and statin medication on cancer mortality. Our study population consisted of 16,924 men participating in the Finnish Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer with at least one cholesterol measurement during follow-up (1996–2017). Cox proportional regression was used to estimate hazard ratios. In total, 1699 cancer deaths were observed during the median follow-up of 19 years. When statins’ association with the risk of cancer death was estimated without adjustment for cholesterol level, statin use was associated with a lowered cancer mortality (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.79–0.97) compared to non-users. However, with further adjustment for total cholesterol level, statin use was no longer associated with a lower cancer mortality (HR 1.08; 95% CI 0.97–1.20). Upon stratified analysis, statin use was associated with a decreased cancer mortality only if the total cholesterol level decreased after the initiation of statin use (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.58–0.76). The inverse association between statin use and cancer mortality is limited to men with a reduction in total cholesterol level after the commencement of statins, i.e., statin use is associated with a lowered cancer mortality only if the total cholesterol level decreases. This suggests that the effect of statin use on cancer mortality relates to the decreased total cholesterol level.

Эффективность терапии статинами на этапе первичной медицинской помощи — исследование ОЗИРКА: эффективность препарата ОЗалекс (розувастатин) для лечения пациентов с нарушениями липидного обмена И гиперхолестеринемией в Различных КАтегориях пациентов

Актуальность. В Украине количество назначений статинов в течение последних лет остается относительно небольшим. Широкомасштабное исследование ОЗИРКА в Украине позволило бы опровергнуть часть мифов и продемонстрировать, что длительная терапия одним из наиболее эффективных статинов — розувастатином — в средних и высоких дозах является безопасной и эффективной в большой когорте пациентов в первичном звене оказания медицинской помощи. Целью исследования было изучение влияния препарата Озалекс (розувастатин) на уровень липидов и холестерина у пациентов с нарушениями липидного обмена и гиперхолестеринемией. Материалы и методы. Исследование было запланировано как проспективное открытое популяционное. Набор пациентов проводился с марта по декабрь 2019 года. Анализ данных исследования проводился с июня по ноябрь 2020 года. Все пациенты должны были получать розувастатин (Озалекс, «Кусум Фарм», Украина) в дозе 10 или 20 мг. Результаты. Всего в исследование планировали включить 20 000 пациентов со всей Украины. Полный период наблюдения закончили 18 100 пациентов, из которых у 17 530 имелись все необходимые данные, которые и вошли в финальный анализ. Средний период наблюдения составил 2,2 месяца. В течение двух месяцев наблюдения у пациентов в среднем отмечалось достоверное снижение уровней общего холестерина — на 28 % (p &lt; 0,001), холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности — на 34 % (p &lt; 0,001), триглицеридов — на 25 % (p &lt; 0,001). Увеличение дозы розувастатина с 10 до 20 мг после первого визита привело к дополнительному снижению уровня холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности примерно на 40 %. Уровень глюкозы крови натощак у пациентов в исследовании достоверно снизился с 5,70 ± 0,01 ммоль/л до 5,23 ± 0,01 ммоль/л (достоверность динамики, p &lt; 0,001). Выводы. Озалекс производства «Кусум Фарм» (Украина) — это высокоэффективный генерический препарат розувастатина, который оказывает нейтральное влияние на метаболизм глюкозы и позволяет достичь хорошего контроля показателей липидного спектра крови на этапе первичного звена оказания медицинской помощи.

Qki activates Srebp2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis for maintenance of eye lens transparency

Defective cholesterol biosynthesis in eye lens cells is often associated with cataracts; however, how genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis are regulated in lens cells remains unclear. Here, we show that Quaking (Qki) is required for the transcriptional activation of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis in the eye lens. At the transcriptome level, lens-specific Qki-deficient mice present downregulation of genes associated with the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, resulting in a significant reduction of total cholesterol level in the eye lens. Mice with Qki depletion in lens epithelium display progressive accumulation of protein aggregates, eventually leading to cataracts. Notably, these defects are attenuated by topical sterol administration. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Qki enhances cholesterol biosynthesis by recruiting Srebp2 and Pol II in the promoter regions of cholesterol biosynthesis genes. Supporting its function as a transcription co-activator, we show that Qki directly interacts with single-stranded DNA. In conclusion, we propose that Qki-Srebp2–mediated cholesterol biosynthesis is essential for maintaining the cholesterol level that protects lens from cataract development.

Tulsi: The Queen of Medicinal Herbs

Tulsi has got the great medicinal value. Studies have also shown Tulsi to be effective for diabetes, by reducing blood glucose levels. The same study showed significant reduction in total cholesterol levels with Tulsi. Another study showed that Tulsi's beneficial effect on blood glucose levels is due to its antioxidant properties. The Rama Tulsi is the effective remedy for the severe acute Respiratory Syndrome. Juice of its leaves gives relief in cold, fever, bronchitis and cough. Tulsi oil is also used as the ear drop. Tulsi helps in curing malaria. It is very effective against indigestion, headache, hysteria, insomnia and cholera. The fresh leaves of Tulsi are taken by the millions of people every day. For over the centuries Tulsi (the queen of herbs) has been known for its remarkable healing properties. Modern scientific research offers impressive evidence that Tulsi reduces stress, enhances stamina, relieves inflammation, lowers cholesterol, eliminates toxins, protects against radiation, prevents gastric ulcers, lowers fevers, improves digestion and provides a rich supply of antioxidants and other nutrients. Tulsi is especially effective in supporting the heart, blood vessels, liver and lungs and also regulates blood pressure and blood sugar. Recent studies suggest that Tulsi may be a COX-2 inhibitor, like many modern painkillers, due to its high concentration of eugenol (1-hydroxy-2- methoxy-4- allylbenzene). The anti-flu property of Tulsi has been discovered by medical experts across the world quite recently. Tulsi improves the body's overall defence mechanism including its ability to fight viral diseases.

The Effect of Extract of Canarian Nuts on Reduction of Total Cholesterol Levels of Hyperglicemic Rat

This study aims to determine the effect of walnut extract (Canarium indica) on the total cholesterol levels of hyperglycemic Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus L). Experimental research with pre-post-test control design. The samples in this study were 28 rats induced by alloxan to become hyperglycemic. The test animals were divided into four groups, each consisting of seven: negative control (Na CMC 1%), positive control (metformin 150 mg / Kg BW), walnut extract group 300 mg / Kg BW (0.06g / 200gr BW), and extract 600 mg / Kg BW (0.12 / 200g BW). The intervention was given walnut extract for 21 days. Total cholesterol levels were measured by the Easytouch Multi-Monitoring System. This study used SPSS with paired t-test and ANOVA test. The results showed a significant reduction in cholesterol levels in all groups after treatment (p &lt;0.05). There was a significant difference in the reduction of total cholesterol levels between groups with a value of p = 0.037. The results of the posthoc test showed a difference in the reduction in total cholesterol levels between the 300 extract group, 1% Na CMC, and metformin and the 600 extract group with 1% Na CMC p-value &lt;0.05, there was no difference between the 600 extract group and the metformin group. p&gt; 0.05. Walnut extract was effective in reducing alloxan-induced fasting blood sugar levels of mice. Total cholesterol levels in hyperglycemic rats experienced a significant decrease after 21 days of intervention with walnut extract 300 and 600 mg/kg BW, but only walnut extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg BW had the same effectiveness as metformin.

Randomized Control Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of NRL/2019/5PNW with Micronutrient Fortification to Promote Health and Well-being in Woman in Fertile Age

Background: Women appear with gender-specific nutritional requirements that may affect their well-being. The nutritional requirements are there for women in rural, suburban and urban regions altogether. Objective: Netsurf Communications Pvt. Ltd. has developed the NRL/2019/5PNW for the women to help manage their health and wellness. The current research is designed to assess safety and efficacy of the test product. Methods and Materials: The trial is randomized, controlled prospective clinical trial. In the present study, 110 subjects were screened. Total 100 subjects were considered evaluable cases at the end of the study 1:1 in test and Marketed product treated group. Results: Test product was better in activity than marketed product in improving energy levels of the subjects throughout the day, elevating mood, improving quality of sleep and reducing stress. Improved glycemic control and reduction in total cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in test group which has preventive potential of metabolic diseases. Less events of recurrent UTI/ RTI in test treated group suggestive of improvement in immune status of females. Conclusion: NRL/2019/5PNW is safe and effective in promoting health and wellbeing in females in fertile age.

Effect of Parkia speciosa Hassk Peels Extract on Total Cholesterol Levels of Hypercholesterolemia Rats

Background: This research aimed to examine the secondary metabolites in the ethanol extract of Parkiaspeciosa Hassk peels and determine the effect of the P. speciosa Hassk peels on the reduction in totalcholesterol levels of male hypercholesterolemia white rats.Methods: Thirty white male rats were divided into six treatment groups (n=5): Group I: normal control(0.5% CMC Na suspension), Group II: negative control (high cholesterol feed), Group III: positive control(suspension simvastatin), Group IV, V, VI: hypercholesterolemia rat received P. speciosa Hassk shell at doseof 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg BW orally for 14 days. The total cholesterol levels were measured on days 0,14, 28, 35.Results: Quantitative test showed that the ethanol extract of P. speciosa peels contained 0.21% alkaloids(w/w), 8.34% flavonoids (w/w), 4.21% tannins (w/w) and 0.18% saponins (w/w). The ethanol extract of P.speciosa peels at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW was able to reduce total cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemiawhite mice (52 mg/dL).Conclusion: The ethanol extract of P. speciosa peels can be considered as an effective treatment forhyperlipidemia disease.

Developing Herbal Medicine, The Role of β-1,3/1,6-D-Glucan Forms of Polysaccharide Peptide (PsP) from Mycelia Ganoderma lucidum Extracts for Lowering Elevated Total Cholesterol Level in Patients with Heart Failure in Ischaemic Heart Disease

High levels of total cholesterol can worsen the condition of ischemic heart failure. Polysaccharide peptide (PsP) is a capsule of Ganoderma lucidum extract. This study aims to measure changes in total cholesterol levels in patients with ischemic heart failure before and after the administration of PSP and Placebo and to analyze differences in decreases in total cholesterol levels between PSP and Placebo group. This research is a true experiment with a prospective double-blind randomized control method through pre-post test design. The sample consisted of 26 patients, divided into 2 groups and given PSP or placebo capsules per oral interventions carried out every day for 90 days. Venipuncture blood was taken before and after the intervention to measure total cholesterol levels by spectrophotometry methods. Paired T Test was used to determine the average reduction in total cholesterol levels for each group. Independent T Test was used to determine the difference of reduction in total cholesterol average between the two groups. The decrease of total cholesterol average level in PsP group was 24.3 mg/dl (p value 0.001) and an increase of Placebo group was 8.3 mg/dl (p value 0.099). Comparison of the average reduction in total cholesterol levels in PsP : Placebo group was 24.31: -8.31 mg/dl (p value 0.000). There was significant decrease total cholesterol levels in PsP group and neither was of the Placebo group. In addition, there was significant difference in the reduction of total cholesterol levels between PSP and Placebo group.