Reduction In Streptococcus Mutans Count Research Articles

Antimicrobial efficacy of Xylitol, Probiotic and Chlorhexidine mouth rinses among children and elderly population at high risk for dental caries - A Randomized Controlled Trial.

SummaryIntroductionChlorhexidine is considered the most potent chemotherapeutic agent against Streptococcus mutans. However, its side effects due to prolonged use, indicates need for alternatives. The study intended to assess and compare antimicrobial efficacies of probiotic, xylitol and chlorhexidine mouth rinses in children and elderly.MethodsThe study was a Double blind Randomized Controlled Trial conducted among residential school children aged 5-12 years and elderly greater than 60 years residing in old age homes. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04399161). 30 participants each among children and elderly were chosen based on eligibility criterion (high risk for caries). They were further randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 participants in each group. Participants were asked to rinse with 15 ml of freshly prepared mouth rinses once daily for 2 minutes for 14 days. Antimicrobial efficacy was determined by assessing change in Streptococcus mutans levels in dental plaque.ResultsSignificant reduction in Streptococcus mutans counts were observed in both children and elderly (Chlorhexidine: mean difference = 3.11 log10CFU/g, p = 0.022, Xylitol: mean difference = 0.93 log10CFU/g, p = 0.046, Probiotic: mean difference = 1.91 log10CFU/g, p = 0.023 in children); (Chlorhexidine: mean difference = 2.23 log10CFU/g, p = 0.004, Xylitol: mean difference = 1.39 log10CFU/g, p = 0.009, Probiotic: mean difference = 1.61 log10CFU/g, p = 0.018 in elderly). Intergroup comparison showed no significant difference.ConclusionsAntimicrobial efficacy of xylitol and probiotic mouth rinses were comparable to that of chlorhexidine in both children and elderly. Probiotics could potentially be more efficacious than xylitol among children.

Probiotic Streptococcus A12 Strain in Caries Prevention: A Systematic Review

Background: Dental Caries is a biofilm-mediated multi factorial disease affecting around 5 billionpeople worldwide. A consensus is now emerging that caries preventive measures should not only correctthe environmental pressures responsible for the plaque biofilm dysbiosis, but also help to maintain ahealthy resident microbiome which plays a crucial role in preventing caries and promoting oral health.This PROSPERO registered review (registration no 166695) aimed to examine the evidence on the role ofprobiotic Streptococcus A12 in caries prevention.Objectives: To know the effectiveness of A12 strain in caries prevention in early stages of disease onset.Intervention: Streptococcus A12 strains.Results: A preliminary search yielded a total of 2630 studies recorded through database searching and 23additional records were identified through manual search. From 2653 articles, 2504 were excluded basedon screening through review of titles. 8 articles were included for qualitative synthesis. Streptococcus A12strains demonstrates antimicrobial efficacy by neutralization of the environment by arginine metabolism.Conclusion: Streptococcus A12 strains demonstrates antimicrobial efficacy by neutralization of theenvironment by arginine metabolism, which leads to the reduction in Streptococcus mutans count and helpsin lowering the acidic nature of saliva is the potential strength of A12 strain. Due to a lack of controlledclinical studies on probiotics for caries prevention, evidence on their caries-preventive potential is weak.Future studies are needed to examine the probiotics as a potential agent against cariogenic pathogens.

Effectiveness of Video and Poster Educational Programs in Dental Caries Prevention and Oral Hygiene StatusAmong Primary School Students

Abstract Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of video and poster performance as educational programs in oral health services in the prevention of dental caries and ensuring good oral hygiene through improving the school children behavior. Material and Methods: This study was carried out through using two educational materials (video and poster) as two educational methods. Questionnaire was used to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice. Microbial samples from saliva were collected to evaluate the reduction in Streptococcus mutans count and Lactobacillus count after the exposure to the video and poster educational materials. Results: The results of the present study revealed an improvement in KAP, as well as, a marked reduction in count of streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus count after exposure to the tow different educational methods Conclusion: the use of video and poster as educational materials are effective in reduction of incidence of dental caries. Key Wards: Dental cries; Educational programs; Poster, Video

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Thyme Extract on Streptococcus Mutans

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Thyme extract mouth rinse against Chlorhexidine mouthwash on salivary Streptococcus mutans count in a group of Egyptian children. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 Egyptian children were included in this study. Children ages ranged from 5 to 10 years old in a good physical condition. Children were randomly distributed into two groups A & B each of 35 children. In children of group A (using Thyme extract) each participant was instructed to rinse with 10ml of thyme extract for one minute. In group B (control group using Chlorhexidine mouthwash 0.2%) each participant was instructed to rinse with 10ml of CHX for one minute. Results: There was a significant reduction in Streptococcus mutans count in both groups. Conclusion: Thyme extract mouthwash was successful as an antimicrobial agent. It significantly reduced the total bacterial count in the saliva of children when compared to a potent antiseptic like Chlorhexidine.

Evaluating the effect of probiotics on salivary microflora: A clinical controlled trail

Objective: Probiotics are dietary supplements of live microorganisms thought to be healthy for the host organism. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of probiotic administered in the form of multi-strain suspension on the salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in children of mixed dentition period. Materials and Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo study was done. Saliva samples were collected at baseline and after 15 days of the study, microbial cultures were done to count the number of colony forming unit. This data was tabulated and analyzed. Result: There was a significant reduction in Streptococcus mutans count in the study group after 15 days as compared to its initial count and placebo group. But no significant difference was observed in Lactobacilli count between the two groups. Probiotics reduced the salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans in children of mixed dentition period. Conclusion: The application of probiotics may in the near future, provide the end of new cavities. Keywords: Probiotics, Randomized, Salivary, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli.

Effect of Coconut Oil Pulling on Streptococcus Mutans Count in Saliva in Comparison with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash

ABSTRACTPurpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Coconut oil on Streptococcus mutans count in saliva in a group of Egyptian children and Compare its effect with chlorhexidine mouth wash. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 Egyptian children were included in this study their ages ranging from (5-10) years. The children (60) were divided into two groups; each group consists of 30 children (Group A, Group B). Group A (study group) : Coconut oil consisted of thirty child, each participant was instructed to rinse with 10 ml of Coconut oil 3 times per day for two weeks with average (1minute /rinse) Group B (Control group): chlorhexidine mouthwash (0.2%) consisted of thirty child, each participant was instructed to rinse with 10 ml of chlorhexidine mouthwash, 3 times per day for two weeks with average (1minute /rinse). Results: Statistically significant reduction in Streptococcus mutans count was seen in both oil pulling and chlorhexidine groups but the reduction was found to be more in the oil pulling group than in thechlorhexidine group. Conclusion: Use of coconut oil pulling therapy may be used as preventive therapy at home to maintain oral hygiene as it is natural, safe and has no side effects

EVALUACIÓN DE LA ADHESIÓN AL TRATAMIENTO PREVENTIVO DE ENFERMEDADES BUCALES INDUCIDAS POR PLACA BACTERIANA MEDIANTE EL USO DE GOMAS DE MASCAR SIN AZÚCAR: ENSAYO CLÍNICO CONTROLADO

Introducción: el objetivo consistió en evaluar la adherencia a un tratamiento preventivo de enfermedades bucales inducidas por placa bacteriana, utilizando dos gomas de mascar sin azúcar y establecer su efecto sobre recuentos de bacterias cariogénicas como indicador biológico de los efectos del tratamiento. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de intervención, doble ciego, de grupos paralelos, aleatorizado controlado, en 96 adultos jóvenes universitarios, en un período experimental de 30 días. Los participantes fueron distribuidos en dos grupos con asignación de una goma de mascar con pentitol o con hexitol + complejo CPP-ACP que debían ser consumidas 20 minutos/tres veces al día después de la higiene oral convencional. Al inicio del estudio fueron recolectadas muestras de saliva para evaluar recuentos de Estreptococos del grupo mutans (SM) y Lactobacillus spp. Al finalizar el período experimental, se realizó una encuesta para evaluar los niveles de adherencia al tratamiento y los recuentos bacterianos fueron medidos nuevamente. Resultados: Los recuentos de SM mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos de estudio al final del período experimental, con tendencia hacia la disminución en ambos grupos. Se observó diferencia intragrupo en los pacientes que consumieron la goma de mascar con pentitol, con marcada reducción de los recuentos de SM. Conclusión: la estimación final de la adherencia al tratamiento mostró que el tipo de goma de mascar asignada al paciente no tuvo influencia y, por lo tanto, estas pueden ser utilizadas teniendo en cuenta los agentes terapéuticos que más aporten al caso particular del paciente y las preferencias del mismo

Effect of three different compositions of topical fluoride varnishes with and without prior oral prophylaxis on Streptococcus mutans count in biofilm samples of children aged 2-8 years: A randomized controlled trial.

Various strategies for controlling caries focus on disrupting the interaction between risk factors. Of these, fluoride varnish has been shown to reduce the colony-forming (CFU) units and water-insoluble extracellular polysaccharide amount. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and xylitol-containing fluoride varnishes have recently gained importance as caries-protective fluoride varnishes. This study aims to assess and compare the reduction in Streptococcus mutans count in biofilm samples after topical application of three different fluoride varnishes and to evaluate the effect of oral prophylaxis prior to fluoride varnish application. Sixty healthy children with no active caries, in the age group of 2-8 years, were randomly divided into Group A = fluoride varnish containing CPP-ACP; Group B = fluoride varnish containing xylitol; and Group C = fluoride varnish with 0.9% difluorosilane; further, the groups were divided into two subgroups, namely A1, B1, and C1 with prior oral prophylaxis and A2, B2, and C2 without oral prophylaxis. Plaque samples were collected at baseline, 1st month, and 3rd month; cultured; and incubated, and CFU/ml was calculated. Data were compiled, and CFU/ml was analyzed by independent t-test, paired t-test, and one-way ANOVA. There was no statistical difference between the fluoride groups. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was seen between the subgroups. Fluoride varnish containing CPP-ACP showed higher reduction in S. mutans count followed by xylitol-containing fluoride varnish and Fluor Protector®. There was no effect of prior oral prophylaxis on the efficacy of fluoride varnish.

Assessment of adherence to preventive treatment of plaque-induced oral diseases using sugar-free gums: a controlled clinical trial

Introduction: the aim of this study was to assess the adherence to a preventive treatment of plaque-induced oral diseases using two sugar-free gums, establishing their effect on cariogenic bacteria counts as abiological marker of treatment response. Methods: a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, controlled intervention study was conducted in 96 young adult university students in an experimental period of 30 days. Participants were distributed into two groups and given a chewing gum with either pentitol or hexitol + CPP-ACP complex to be taken three times a day for 20 minutes after conventional oral hygiene. Saliva samples were collected at baseline to evaluate counts of Streptococcus mutans (SM) and Lactobacillus spp. A survey was conducted at the end of the experimental period to assess the levels of adherence to treatment, remeasuring bacterial counts. Results: SM counts showed statistically significant differences between the study groups at the end of the experimental period, with a decreasing tendency in both groups. Intragroup difference was observed in patients who took pentitol gum with a marked reduction in SM counts. Conclusion: the final estimate of adherence to treatment showed that the type of chewing gum patients were given had no influence and therefore such gums can be used, considering the therapeutic agents that most contribute to patient’s particular case and preferences.

A traditional way to combat against Streptococcus mutans

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of conventional Glass ionomer cement, Glass ionomer cement (GIC) with 0.1% (w/w) epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and Glass ionomer cement with 1% (w/w) Curcuma longa against streptococcus mutans.Methods: Children of age group 5-9 years, irrespective of sex, race and socioeconomic status with at least 3 cavitated dentinal lesions in primary molars clinically involving occlusal surface suitable for ART were selected.The dentinal samples were collected three times from each carious tooth, viz. baseline (before excavation of caries), after hand excavation of caries and after 7 days of restoration. The dentinal samples were subjected to microbiological evaluation for Streptococcus mutans count.Results: Experimental groups (Group II and group III) showed statistically significant reduction in Streptococcus mutans counts compared to control group (Conventional Glass ionomer cement). Group II i.e. (Glass ionomer cement with 0.1% (w/w) EGCG) showed significant reduction than Group III i.e. (Glass ionomer cement with 1% (w/w) Curcuma longa).Conclusion: ART technique was successful in reducing the streptococcus mutans load in a carious cavity but significant numbers of residual microbes were still found to be present even after the carious tissue was removed. Restoration of the cavity using EGCG and turmeric modified GIC was able to markedly reduce the S.mutans counts compared to conventional GIC.Â

Comparative evaluation of chlorhexidine mouthrinse versus cacao bean husk extract mouthrinse as antimicrobial agents in children

To compare the antimicrobial efficiency of chlorhexidine and cacao bean husk extract mouthrinses in children. A randomised comparative study which employed purpose sampling. Study was conducted on 50 children of both sexes aged 6-10 years old. A group of 25 children were given 10 ml of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse and another 25 children were given 10 ml of 0.1% cacao bean extract mouthrinse to rinse twice daily for about 30 seconds. The salivary samples were collected from each child in Dentocult SM vials on day one (pre-rinse) and after 7 days, 1 month and 2 months. The readings were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Mann-Whitney test and the p-value were used for statistical analysis. There was significant reduction in streptococcus mutans counts in saliva at all follow-up intervals for both mouthrinse groups. However, there was no significant difference in reduction of streptococcus mutans counts in saliva, between chlorhexidine mouthrinse group and cacao bean husk extract mouthrinse group. Cacao bean husk extract mouthrinse can be used in children as an alternative to chlorhexidine mouthrinse as it has similar antimicrobial properties and evades the side-effects of the latter.