Reduction In Protein Carbonylation Research Articles

Jabuticaba (Myrciaria trunciflora) extract improves metabolic and behavioral markers of obese rats fed on a hypercaloric diet.

Obesity is a metabolic disease that affects many individuals around the world, related to imbalance between energy consumption and expenditure, which can lead to comorbidities. A healthy diet can significantly contribute to the prevention or treatment of this condition. Jabuticaba is an emerging fruit presenting a wide range of bioactive compounds and is being extensively studied due to its effects on lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the jabuticaba extract in the anxious-like behavior and in the lipid and oxidative metabolism in the context of obesity. Forty male Wistar rats divided into five groups were used. The animals received a standard diet and/or a hypercaloric diet and after 60 days of induction, interventions were carried out with jabuticaba extract (5% and 10%) via gavage for 30 days. It can be observed that the jabuticaba extract was able to reverse the anxious behavior observed in obese animals and modulate parameters of lipid and oxidative metabolism. We observed a reduction in cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to obese animals. Furthermore, we observed an improvement in oxidative parameters, with a reduction in protein carbonylation in the liver and modulation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Contrary to expectations, we did not observe changes in leptin, adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. Our work demonstrates that jabuticaba extract can improve metabolic, oxidative and behavioral changes in animals with obesity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Karate Training Improves Metabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

This study evaluated the effects of 12weeks of karate training on cardiometabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Seventy adolescents were randomized into 2 groups: control received nutritional and psychological interventions once a week for 12weeks, and treatment received nutritional and psychological interventions once a week, plus 3 karate sessions per week, for 12weeks. The main outcome measure was improvement in cardiometabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation. After the intervention period, the treatment group showed a reduction in resting heart rate (77.86 [10.89]), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (40.86 [8.31]), and triglycerides (75.18 [32.29]) and an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (95.64 [42.53]) in relation to pretraining. Regarding oxidative stress markers, there was a reduction in protein carbonylation (0.07 [0.06]) and nitric oxide (1.39 [1.11]) and an increase in superoxide dismutase (0.68 [0.31]) and glutathione (0.11 [0.08]) compared with pretraining. With respect to inflammation, adiponectin increased (14.54 [5.36]) after the intervention when compared with preintervention. The study concluded that the intervention may improve cardiometabolic parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Long-term effects need to be evaluated.

Amelioration of altered oxidant/antioxidant status of buffaloes with trypanosomosis by vitamins A, D3, E, and H supplementation

ABSTRACT Effect of vitamins A, D3, E and H supplementation on oxidative stress/antioxidant indices in buffaloes suffering from trypanosomosis was investigated. Changes in the oxidative stress parameters viz. protein oxidation (protein carbonyls), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and antioxidant enzymes activities viz. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were evaluated before and after the supplementation of vitamins A, D3, E and H. The buffaloes suffering from trypanosomosis revealed remarkable alterations in the oxidants/antioxidants balance sifted towards oxidative stress. The buffaloes revealed significantly higher protein carbonyls and LPO activity; while SOD and CAT activity were significantly lower in comparison with the healthy controls. Supplementation vitamins A, D3, E, and H to these animals revealed a significant reduction in protein carbonyls and LPO activity; while a significant increase in SOD and CAT activity were also evident. From the present study, it may be concluded that supplementation of these vitamins can help to ameliorate the oxidants/antioxidants balance towards normalcy, and thus to ensure recovery from trypanosomosis in buffaloes.

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Acutely Decreases Protein Carbonylation and Increases Expression of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Genes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue has been implicated as a pathogenic step in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In adipose tissue, chronic nutrient overload results in mitochondria driven increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to carbonylation of proteins that impair mitochondrial function and downregulation of key genes linked to mitochondrial biogenesis. In patients with T2DM, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery leads to improvements in glycemic profile prior to significant weight loss. Consequently, we hypothesized that improved glycemia early after RYGB would be paralleled by decreased protein carbonylation and increased expression of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis in adipose tissue. To evaluate this hypothesis, 16 obese individuals were studied before and 7-8 days following RYGB and adjustable gastric banding (AGB). Subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained pre- and post-bariatric surgery as well as from eight healthy, non-obese individual controls. Prior to surgery, adipose tissue expression of PGC1α, NRF1, Cyt C, and eNOS (but not Tfam) showed significantly lower expression in the obese bariatric surgery group when compared to lean controls (p < 0.05). Following RYGB, but not after AGB, patients showed significant decrease in HOMA-IR, reduction in adipose protein carbonylation, and increased expression of genes linked to mitochondrial biogenesis. These results suggest that rapid reduction in protein carbonylation and increased mitochondrial biogenesis may explain postoperative metabolic improvements following RYGB.

Long-term heat shock proteins (HSPs) induction by carbenoxolone improves hallmark features of Parkinson's disease in a rotenone-based model

Protein aggregation and dysfunction of ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) have been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology for a long time. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have neuro-protective effects in PD as they assist in protein refolding and targeting of irreparable proteins to UPS. To realize their benefits in a chronically progressing disease like PD, it is imperative to maintain slightly up-regulated levels of HSPs consistently over a longer period of time. Here, we evaluate the possible beneficial effects of HSP inducer carbenoxolone (cbx) in a rotenone-based rat model of PD.Simultaneously with rotenone, a low dose of cbx (20 mg/kg body weight) was administered for five weeks to male SD rats. Weekly behavioral analysis along with end-point evaluation of HSPs, UPS activity, apoptosis, and oxidative stress were performed. The activation of heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1) and up-regulation of HSP70, HSP40, and HSP27 levels in mid-brain following cbx administration resulted in the reduction of α-synuclein and ubiquitin aggregation. This decrease seems to be mediated by reduction in protein carbonylation as well as up-regulation of UPS activity. In addition, the decrease in apoptosis and oxidative stress following HSP upregulation prevented the decline in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine levels in mid-brain region, which in turn resulted in improved motor functions.Thus, persistent HSP induction at low levels by cbx could improve the PD pathophysiology.

OXIDATIVE EFFECTS AFTER PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN RATS

The oxidative effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and chitosan (CS) were evaluated in Wistar rats s. c. inoculated with Walker 256 carcinoma. The animals were irradiated with red light (?=685 nm, D=50 J/cm2, 15 min) 3h after i.p administration of 250 mg/kg b.w. 5-ALA, 1.5-mg/kg b.w. CS or an associated treatment of 5-ALA and CS. The levels of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls were determined in plasma and tumor tissues. The antioxidant capacity of plasma and tumor tissues as well as the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activities in erythrocytes and tumors were assessed. 24hs after the treatment, in 5-ALA treated animals the levels of lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls were significantly increased both in plasma and tumors. 5-ALA PDT decreased the erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes activities. An associated treatment with CS and 5-ALA produced the reduction of the lipid peroxides and protein carbonyls in plasma and the recovery of antioxidant enzymes activities. These results suggest the antioxidant properties of CS

Interactions of conjugated linoleic acid and lipoic acid on insulin action in the obese Zucker rat

The fatty acid conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and the antioxidant R-(+)-α-lipoic acid (R-ALA) individually enhance glucose tolerance and insulin action on skeletal muscle glucose transport in the insulin-resistant obese Zucker rat. To date, no study has assessed the potential interactions between these 2 interventions in treating insulin resistance. The present study was designed to determine whether chronic treatment with CLA and R-ALA in combination would enhance skeletal muscle glucose transport to a greater extent than either intervention individually. CLA, R-ALA, or a combination treatment of R-ALA and CLA were administered to female obese Zucker rats for 20 days at low or high doses. Whereas low-dose R-ALA (10 mg/kg body weight) alone did not alter muscle glucose transport, low-dose CLA (0.3 g/kg) induced a significant increase (38%, P < .05) in insulin-mediated glucose transport in epitrochlearis, but not in soleus. Low-dose combination therapy brought about the greatest enhancement of insulin-mediated glucose transport in epitrochlearis (77%) and soleus (54%), with the latter effect being associated with a 50% reduction in protein carbonyls (an index of tissue oxidative stress) and a 33% diminution in muscle triglycerides. High-dose treatments with CLA (1.5 g/kg), R-ALA (50 mg/kg), and the combination of CLA and R-ALA elicited increases in insulin-mediated glucose transport in epitrochlearis (57%, 58%, and 77%) and soleus (32%, 35%, and 54%). However, whereas the individual high-dose treatments with CLA and R-ALA reduced protein carbonyls (63% and 49%) and triglycerides (29% and 28%) in soleus, no further reductions were observed with the high-dose combination treatment groups. These findings support a significant interaction between low doses of CLA and R-ALA for enhancement of insulin action on skeletal muscle glucose transport, possibly via reductions in muscle oxidative stress and in lipid storage.