Reduction Of Negative Emotions Research Articles

Characteristics and Effectiveness of Individual Psychotherapy for Palliative and End-of-Life Care: A Literature Review for Randomized Controlled Trials.

The introduction of psychotherapy in palliative and end-of-life care settings has become increasingly common and is effective in decreasing many psychological problems. This review reports the characteristics and effectiveness of individual psychotherapeutic interventions for patients receiving palliative and end-of-life care. In addition, the review reports the effectiveness of psychotherapies considering the expected life expectancy. The PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for English-language articles published between January 2000 to May 2023. Twenty-six studies were included and classified into a total of nine types of psychotherapies, namely, dignity therapy (DT), life review therapy, narrative therapy, managing cancer and living meaningfully (CALM), individual meaning-centered psychotherapy, meaning and purpose therapy, meaning-making therapy, meaning-of-life therapy, and cognitive therapy. Most of the psychotherapies provided to patients receiving palliative and end-of-life care showed effectiveness in the reduction of negative emotions and positive factors related to end-of-life issues. Most studies targeted patients with advanced cancer; however, studies on DT did not limit the target group to patients with cancer. Considering the expected life expectancy, CALM was found to be suitable for patients receiving early palliative care.

Perceived effects of teleworking on adaptive performance: a moderated mediation model of leadership effectiveness and negative affect

Purpose Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, this study aims to explore how individuals’ perceptions of telework effects associate with their adaptive performance by shaping their negative emotional experiences, with perceived leadership effectiveness acting as a critical moderator in this relationship. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional design was used, with data collected from a final sample of 209 teleworkers via an online survey. Findings The results demonstrated a significant indirect effect of the perceived effects of teleworking on adaptive performance through negative affect. Furthermore, leadership effectiveness moderated the indirect effect, in a way that the indirect effect was only significant for those who had ineffective leaders and moderate effective leaders; therefore, the indirect effect was strengthened for those who had less effective leaders (versus effective leaders). Originality/value This study examines the positive link between teleworking perceptions and adaptive performance through the reduction of negative affect, in line with the conservation of resources theory. Moreover, a reduction in negative emotions among employees during telework is associated with enhanced performance. Notably, the study reveals that leadership effectiveness moderates this connection as playing a crucial role in moderating these effects, particularly when leaders are perceived as less effective, offering insights for organizations considering telework strategies.

Effect of Wellness Education on Students’ Physical Activity and Quality of Life in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Study

ABSTRACT Background COVID-19 restrictions have increased physical inactivity and resulted in poor quality of life. Intervention to support children’s physical activity and quality of life during the pandemic are limited. Purpose This study aims to determine the effect of wellness education on the quality of life and physical activities of students related the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Fifth-grade students (N = 176) from two middle schools were randomly assigned to an intervention group receiving wellness education or control group. Four weeks after students ended wellness education, follow-up data were collected. Results A statistically significant increase was observed in the physical activity and quality of life score of the intervention group compared to the control group after wellness education, and there was a significant reduction in negative emotions. Discussion The results show that the intervention significantly improved students’ physical activity, quality of life compared to the control group. Future research should consider including parents involvement in the intervention with a longer intervention period. Translation to Health Education Practice: Wellness education is a effective way to promoting physical activity and improving the quality of life of students. This study informs future research to design an effective framework for protecting and promoting the health of students.

Examining emotional processing theory and predictors of outcome in prolonged exposure for PTSD

Prolonged exposure (PE) is an empirically supported treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study examined multiple facilitators and indicators of emotional processing to identify key predictors of outcome in PE using observational coding methods. Participants were 42 adults with PTSD who received PE. Video recordings of sessions were coded to capture negative emotion activation, negative and positive trauma-related cognitions, and cognitive rigidity. Two variables emerged as predictors of PTSD symptom improvement assessed via self-report, but not clinical interview: a greater decrease in negative trauma-related cognitions and lower average cognitive rigidity. Peak emotion activation, reductions in negative emotions, and increases in positive cognitions did not predict PTSD improvement (self-report or clinical interview). Findings contribute to growing evidence highlighting the importance of cognitive change as part of emotional processing and as a key ingredient of PE, beyond activation and reduction in negative emotions. Implications for evaluating emotional processing theory and for clinical practice are discussed.

Virtual reality for the promotion of interoception awareness and body image in breast cancer survivors: a study protocol.

Women who received a diagnosis of breast cancer often report impairments in physical and psychological wellbeing, even some years after treatments. Individual awareness about physical changes, body image, and current sensations related to their body is important to maintain a psycho-emotional balance. Virtual reality, as an advanced human-computer interface, can be an effective tool to improve breast cancer survivors' abilities to know and manage their current sensations related to their bodies. The present study protocol proposes a virtual reality intervention aiming at promoting interoception and emotional wellbeing, fear of cancer recurrence, and body perception in breast cancer survivors, according to the three data collection times. Repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) with between-within interaction will be performed. Expected results include participants' awareness of their internal feelings, the reduction of negative emotions, and the management of symptoms related to the body, clarifying characteristics for the effective implementation of VR psychological intervention in the future.

Spanish menstrual literacy and experiences of menstruation

There is growing recognition of the important role menstrual health plays in achieving health, education, and gender equity. Yet, stigmatisation and taboo remain present and negative emotions like fear and shame dominate the narrative when speaking about periods. This paper analyses how formal and informal menstrual education is received in Spain, to understand the role of menstrual health literacy in the way menstruation is experienced, and to identify what information would be useful to integrate into formal menstrual education. An online survey with more than 4000 participants (aged between 14 and 80, both people who will/do/have previously menstruate/d and those who do not menstruate) was conducted. Data was gathered using the digital platform Typeform, descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software and qualitative data was thematically analysed using Nvivo. Many participants declared not having received sufficient information on menstruation prior to menarche, particularly about how to physically manage it. Furthermore, negative emotions like shame, worry, and fear were recurrently reported to describe menarche; this has not changed between generations. Interestingly, we saw an increase in stress and sadness with an increase in perceived knowledge of the reproductive role of menstruation. We did observe a reduction in negative emotions when people who menstruate perceived they had sufficient information on how to manage their first bleeding. It is recommended that menstrual education beyond reproductive biology, particularly including how to physically manage periods, is integrated into school curricula. Menstrual education of everyone – including those who do not menstruate—can improve how periods are experienced in Spain.

Dynamics of parent-adolescent interactions during a discussion on career choice: The role of parental behaviors and emotions

This study examined parental behaviors (autonomy support, control) toward their adolescent child as well as parents' and adolescents' positive and negative emotions experienced during parent-adolescent discussions on vocational decision-making. Research showed that repeated daily interactions provide the seeds to stable interactional patterns. Exploring short-term interactions allows to understand the process of behavioral and emotional change that takes place during discussions. Thus, a first goal was to identify and describe parental behaviors and emotions manifested by parents and adolescents during this discussion. Second, using a multilevel modeling approach, dynamic structural equation modeling (DSEM), simultaneous associations between parental behaviors and emotions were examined. The third goal was to examine the extent to which parental behaviors and parents' and adolescents' emotions predicted each other during this discussion. Parent-adolescent dyads (N = 42) participated in a discussion task on the adolescent's career choice, where parental behaviors were rated by observers, and emotions were detected with a facial expression recognition software. Results showed that parental autonomy is beneficial for adolescents in the short term (reduction of negative emotions). Also, the results showed that adolescents' emotions influence parental behaviors, suggesting that adolescents play an active role in the co-construction of their vocational project by leading the parent to adopt specific behaviors during the discussion. Finally, the emotions of parents and adolescents were dynamically interrelated, which indicates emotional contagion. These findings highlight the necessity to consider momentary parental behaviors and emotions to better understand parental contributions in vocational development.

Online Art Therapy–Based Self-Help Intervention Serving Emotional Betterment During COVID-19

This study investigated art therapy–based self-help online tasks (ATB-SHOT) as a means to support university students during the COVID-19 lockdown by (a) measuring effectiveness on mood repair (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Self-Assessment Manikin scales, pre- and postintervention) and (b) correlating outcomes with participants’ personality profiles (resourced profile [resilience and emotional intelligence] and a vulnerability profile [trait anxiety and somatic complaints]). Based on data from 57 participants, findings indicate that all ATB-SHOT tasks significantly reduced negative mood and two increased positive mood and control. Participants with a vulnerability profile showed greater reduction in negative emotions. The significance of the research demonstrates that students in challenging emotional situations could benefit from ATB-SHOT tools.

Developing leadership skills in university students

The authors offer their own program that allows leadership development and provides knowledge about leadership in an integrated way in higher education. The study aimed to test this program’s effectiveness using multitest instruments in the form of a survey. The study was conducted with 196 students of Toraighyrov University in the conditions of representative sampling. The experimental group used the proposed method during the semester, the control group did not. Before and after the semester, the following tests were conducted: diagnostics of leadership abilities (Zharikov and Krushelnitsky), Eysenck’s self-assessment of mental states, and methods for identifying communicative and organizational abilities (COA-1). The obtained results were compared using the Student’s t-test to identify significant differences. In all tests, the experimental group showed statistically significant improvement in all indicators. Similarly, significant statistical differences were also found between the results of pre- and post-test, which allows one to assert that the proposed method contributes to leadership qualities development and reduction of negative emotions in students. Thus, the experimental group scored an average of 26.71 (out of possible 50 points) on the pre-test and 37.01 on the post-test, demonstrating a significant increase in the level of leadership qualities from weakly expressed to strongly expressed. According to the post-test results, the difference between the groups becomes statistically significant for both communicative and organizational tendencies (p = 0.023 and p = 0.027, respectively). In practice, the study results can be used to implement leadership development programs in universities.

Reduction of negative emotions at adolescents in experimental conditions

Article describes the results of formative investigation orientated on diminishing negative emotions at adolescents. In our experimental research which include 16 sessions were include 24 adolescents: 12 in experimental group and 12 in control group. As results we underlined positive changes in adolescents’ emotions. Also we noticed changes in aggressiveness and types of aggressiveness (physic aggression, negativism, irritability and verbal hostility), anxiety, stress and in some personality traits such as: neuroticism, aggressiveness, calm character, open nature and emotional lability.

Effects of Wu Qin Xi exercise on reactive inhibition in Parkinson's disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

ObjectiveMotor symptom in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are related to reduced motor inhibitory ability (proactive and reactive inhibition). Although exercise has been shown to improve this ability, its effects on different levels of motor inhibition have not been determined.Materials and methodsSixty patients with PD aged 55–75 years were allocated randomly to 24-week exercise interventions [Wu Qin Xi exercise (WQX) and stretching exercise (SE)]. The stop signal task and questionnaires were administered pre and post interventions. Twenty-five age-matched healthy controls were recruited to obtain reference values for inhibition.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, patients with PD showed motor inhibition deficits in reactive inhibition, but not in proactive inhibition. Post-intervention, the WQX group showed significant improvement in reactive inhibition compared to the SE group. In both the WQX and SE groups, movement speed was improved post-intervention, accompanied by reduction in negative emotions, stable improvement of sleep quality, and high self-reported satisfaction levels.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that Wu Qin Xi exercise can improve the reactive inhibition of patients with PD. Our results provide theoretical support for the formulation of reasonable and effective exercise prescriptions for PD rehabilitation.Clinical trial registration[http://www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR2000038517].

Effects of University Adult Learners' Individual Background, Understanding, Value, and Attitude of Participation about happiness of lifelong learning

This study was conducted to find out how the individual background, understanding, value, and participation attitude of adult learners participating in the university lifelong curriculum affect perceived happiness through lifelong education. The perceived happiness of adult learners, the dependent variable of this study, was measured mainly in four areas: improving self-esteem, satisfaction of internal growth, decreasing negative effect, and improving the searching for meaning. To achieve the purpose of the study, a self-report online survey was conducted on adult learners participating in the lifelong education degree course at C University in Chungcheong Province, and 189 people who agreed to participate in the survey and responded without missing data were used for analysis. As for the analysis method, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were applied. As a result of the analysis, first, intrinsic values, individual satisfaction-oriented attitudes, and social activity participation-oriented attitudes of adult learners influenced 'improving self-esteem'. Second, the attitude toward self-satisfaction and the attitude toward leisure influenced 'satisfaction with internal growth'. Third, grade, intrinsic value, social activity participation-oriented attitude, and leisure-oriented attitude influenced 'reduction of negative emotions'. Fourth, intrinsic value, extrinsic value, and leisure-oriented attitude had a statistically significant effect on 'improving the pursuit of meaning'. Based on the results of this study, implications that can enhance perceived happiness as an educational outcome in the affective aspect of adult learners participating in lifelong education were derived.

Integrating Soundscape Criteria in Urban Sustainable Regeneration Processes: An Example of Comfort and Health Improvement

This paper reports an example of an urban sustainable regeneration process in a small open square following the soundscape approach in urban design and involving a transdisciplinary team. The renovation of this urban public space brought changes in its acoustic environment and improved soundscape perception as much more pleasant (enhanced comfort). The rehabilitation broadened the use of the square and enhanced users’ wellbeing and health, showing a significant positive impact of sound: reduction in negative emotions and perceived stress while increasing positive feelings. To conclude, the implications of the results about restorative environments in urban sound planning and future areas of research are discussed.

The relationship between habitual use and real-time emotion regulation strategies in adolescents: Evidence from frontal EEG asymmetry

Past research on emotion regulation has shown that cognitive reappraisal is a healthier and more effective emotion regulation strategy than expressive suppression. However, there are few studies in this field that combine real-time emotion regulation with the use of habitual emotion regulation strategies to observe the patterns of brain activity, and fewer studies focusing on adolescents. Frontal electroencephalography (EEG) asymmetry reflects the difference between brain activation in left and right frontal areas and is widely viewed as an effective biomarker of emotional reactivity and regulation. The present study investigated the asymmetry of the frontal EEG activity during adolescents' emotional regulation, and explored its relationship with adolescents’ habitual use of emotional regulation strategies. Habitual use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression was measured with the emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ). EEG was recorded from 54 adolescents (24 boys & 30 girls, Mage = 12.59), during the Reactivity and Regulation-Image Task. Results showed that adolescents who used cognitive reappraisal strategies more habitually exhibited greater left frontal asymmetry during real-time enhancement or reduction of negative emotions. In contrast, no significant correlation was found between habitual use of suppression and frontal alpha asymmetry. The results provide neurological evidence that, for adolescents, the use of habitual emotion regulation strategies may affect real-time emotion regulation, adolescents who use cognitive reappraisal more frequently are more capable or more prone to recruit appropriate brain regions in situations that need to regulate negative emotions. This reinforces the importance of the formation and use of correct emotion regulation habits for adolescents.

An Emotion Regulation Tablet App for Middle-Aged and Older Adults at High Suicide Risk: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Two Case Studies

The unique features of technological applications may improve the treatment of people at risk of suicide. In this article, we present feasibility and acceptability data as well as two case studies demonstrating the use of WellPATH, a tablet app that aims to help suicidal patients during emotionally-charged situations outside of therapy sessions. The WellPATH app was part of a 12-week psychotherapy intervention (CRISP - Cognitive Reappraisal Intervention for Suicide Prevention) for middle-aged and older adults after their discharge from a suicide-related hospitalization. The use of WellPATH includes three stages: preparation and practice, incorporation, and actual use. Feasibility was measured by the overall use of WellPATH during 12 weeks, and acceptability was measured with the three items of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire. Twelve study participants were administered WellPATH as part of CRISP. The results provide preliminary evidence of feasibility and acceptability of WellPATH. Study participants and therapists reported high satisfaction with WellPATH and provided feedback for future research and development. The patients in the case studies reported a reduction in negative emotions and an increase in emotion regulation (i.e., cognitive reappraisal ability) after using techniques on the WellPATH app. Our preliminary findings suggest that use of technology applications such as the WellPATH app is feasible and accepted among middle-aged and older adults at high suicide risk. Further research with an adequately powered sample is needed to further evaluate WellPATH's feasibility and accessibility, and test its efficacy with this high-risk population.

The effectiveness of meta-emotion combined therapy on reducing anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance in women with postpartum depression

Introduction: Postpartum depression has an effect on reducing maternal attachment and family relationships and can be a threat to the safety and well-being of mother, infant and other children. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of meta-emotion combined therapy on anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance in women with postpartum depression. Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with two-group pretest-posttest method. The statistical population of the study was all women referring to Golestan Health Center in Ardabil in the years 2018-19. Sampling method was available. Using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, 40 subjects (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) were selected. Then, for the experimental group, meta-emotion combined therapy protocol was performed during 12 sessions and the results were analyzed based on experimental avoidance and anxiety sensitivity scales using covariance statistical method using SPSS software version 18. Results: The results showed that the mean scores of post-test anxiety sensitivity and experimental avoidance in the experimental group were lower than the control group. In other words, meta-emotion combined therapy on reducing anxiety sensitivity (F=129.89, P=0.001>0.05) and experimental avoidance (F=229.10, P=0.001>0.05) is effective. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the meta-emotion combined therapy, through emotion regulation and reduction of negative emotions, is an effective therapeutic approach in reducing anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance in women with postpartum depression.

How Is Work Ability Shaped in Groups of Shift and Non-Shift Workers? A Comprehensive Approach to Job Resources and Mediation Role of Emotions at Work.

There is much less research on the relationship between shift work and positive states experienced in the workplace, e.g., emotions and work ability. Using the job demands-resources model, conservation of resources theory and the broaden-and-build theory as theoretical frameworks, the direct and indirect (mediated via positive and negative emotions) relations between the complex of job resources and work ability were tested in the group of shift and non-shift workers. Three types of resources related to task, leadership and interpersonal relations were taken into account. Data were collected among 1510 workers. Structural equation modelling (SEM) showed that only leadership was directly related to high work ability in both occupational groups. Indirect effects of positive and negative emotions were strongly supported. Both of them mediate the effects of the three analysed job resources on work ability, but individual job resources impacted were different. Leadership resources led to “good” work ability by the intensification of positive and reduction of negative emotions. Interpersonal resources decrease negative emotions. Task resources, conversely, intensified positive emotions, which in turn increased work ability. These research results shed more light on the ways of shaping work ability among shift and non-shift workers.

Expressive suppression versus cognitive reappraisal: Effects on self-report and peripheral psychophysiology

Effectiveness of various emotion regulation (ER) strategies have received much attention in recent research. Among the most studied ER strategies are cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. However, the evidence of their effectiveness is controversial and depends on the measures used. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression strategies of ER via different measures such as self-report, facial expressions (zygomaticus major and corrugator supercilii electromyography), and physiological assessment (skin conductance response and heart rate deceleration). Participants were presented with intensely unpleasant or neutral pictures and performed ER tasks. We expected that the implementation of ER strategies would reduce negative emotions, and cognitive reappraisal would produce greater reduction in negative emotions compared to expressive suppression. Self-report data showed that reappraisal had a greater effect on the reduction of negative emotions compared to suppression. There was no difference between reappraisal and suppression assessed with skin conductance response and electromyography. Curiously, heart rate deceleration increased while participants tried to suppress their emotional expressions, which could reflect efforts exerted in the attempt to suppress. The ER strategies reduced negative emotions during the presentation of unpleasant pictures partially in skin conductance response and heart rate deceleration. Overall, reappraisal is more effective in changing subjective experience, whereas the physiological reactions do not differ substantially between the two ER strategies explored. We therefore recommend that the assessment of ER strategies in the laboratory should accommodate more than one type of measures to come to more reliable conclusions.

Can supervisor support improve daily employee well‐being? Evidence of supervisor training effectiveness in a study of veteran employee emotions

Workplace supportive supervisor interventions offer an effective, though underutilized mechanism to bolster employee well‐being, which may have important benefits particularly for understudied groups such as military veterans in the civilian workforce. The present study employed a two‐wave daily diary study to test the effectiveness of a supportive supervisor training on positive and negative emotions of veteran employees. Daily diaries are instrumental to understanding well‐being, in that they accurately capture emotions as they are experienced without retrospective biases that reflect more global emotional assessments. Each wave (baseline and 6 months later) comprised emotion reports over 32‐day periods. Thirty‐five organizations were randomized into intervention and control groups; 144 veterans (91% men) participated in the daily diaries at baseline. The training significantly improved well‐being facets including improvements in unactivated positive (i.e., calm) emotions at follow‐up. Two significant moderation effects were also revealed for PTSD screening. For veteran employees with positive PTSD screens, the intervention functioned to reduce negative emotions. For those employees with negative PTSD screens, the intervention enhanced positive emotions. Our work highlights the benefit of workplace supervisor support to positive and negative employee mood.Practitioner points Our supervisor support training represents an evidence‐based programme that improves employee positive emotions. Positive emotions were increased among veterans who did not screen positive for PTSD (i.e., most veterans). Veterans with positive PTSD screens may benefit from enhanced supervisor support resulting in a reduction of negative emotions, providing supportive evidence for supervisor mental health awareness training.

Effect of Achievement Emotion Regulation Training Package on Negative Emotions and Learning Strategies Among Female High School Students

Background: Given the importance of emotions, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of achievement emotion regulation training package on negative emotions and self-regulation learning strategies (cognitive and metacognitive) among female high school students. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up for two months relative to the control group. The statistical population included female high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2017-2018. A sample size of 50 cases (25 students in each group) was selected using multi-stage random cluster sampling. The experimental group learned how to regulate their achievement emotions in twelve 120-min sessions for two months. The Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ) and Motivated Strategies Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) were used. Raw data analysis was performed using SPSS V. 22 and an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The results showed that regulation of achievement emotions caused a decrease in negative emotions (93.7%) and an increase in the use of cognitive/metacognitive strategies (53.6%) among experimental group members (P<0.001), while these results approximately did not change in the follow-up phase regarding negative emotions reduction (93.5%) and the increased use of cognitive/metacognitive strategies (52.6%). Conclusion: The effectiveness of the discussed package was proved in the reduction of negative emotions.