Reduced Malondialdehyde Levels Research Articles

The ameliorative effects of curcumin nanomicelle on testicular damage in the mouse model of multiple sclerosis

BackgroundThis study investigated the effect of curcumin nanomicelle (CUR-n) on the structure of testis tissue, the process of spermatogenesis, LH, FSH, testosterone, and oxidative stress in a model of multiple sclerosis.MethodsTwenty-four male mice C57BL/6 were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 6 (1: group receiving 2% CPZ diet, 2: group receiving the diet of 2% CPZ + CUR-n with a dose of 50 mg/kg, 3: group receiving the diet of 2% CPZ + CUR-n with a dose of 100 mg/kg). The concentration of hormones (testosterone, LH and FSH), was measured by the special hormone assay ELISA kits. Measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was done by spectrophotometry and calorimetric methods, respectively. Stereological analysis was done in order to explore the number of spermatogenesis cells, testis and sperm properties.ResultsThe results indicated that CUR-n (100 mg/kg) significantly enhanced the concentration of LH, FSH, testosterone, and TAC but reduced MDA levels. It also notably increased the quantity of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, round spermatids, long spermatids and LCs, augmented testis weight and volume, and germinal epithelium volume, improved sperm count, morphology, viability, and motility. In addition, a considerable decrease in the amount of wrinkling and disruption of the germinal epithelium was observed after intervention with CUR-n (100 mg/kg). Furthermore, a significant increase in the number of germ cells compared to the group receiving CPZ was detected.ConclusionThis study proposes that CUR-n could be a therapeutic agent for decreasing the adverse effects of MS on testis.

Dietary Oryzanol (Ory) Improved the Survival and Growth of Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) Larvae via Promoting Activities of Digestive Enzymes, Antioxidant Capacity, and Lipid Metabolism

Dietary Oryzanol (Ory) Improved the Survival and Growth of Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea) Larvae via Promoting Activities of Digestive Enzymes, Antioxidant Capacity, and Lipid Metabolism

Antioxidant therapies for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common clinical problem that is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes attributed to the oxidative stress due to sympathetic overstimulation. Treatment approaches targeting oxidative stress have been tried by multiple investigators. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of such approaches. Pubmed and Embase databases were searched for human studies evaluating the utility of antioxidant therapies in patients with OSA. A total of six studies (five randomized trials and one case-control study) were included, including 160 patients with OSA using N-acetyl cysteine, vitamin C, carbocysteine, superoxide dismutase, vitamin E, allopurinol, and their combinations. There was a significant improvement in flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) following antioxidants, with the pooled effect being 2.16 % (95% CI 1.65-2.67) using the random-effects model (I2 = 0% and p<0.001). It was also associated with a significant reduction in malondialdehyde levels and an increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. There was also a significant improvement in the Epworth sleepiness scale, oxygen desaturation index, and minimum oxygen saturation during sleep without any significant adverse effects. Antioxidant therapy in patients with OSA is associated with improved endothelial function, reduced oxidative stress, and improved sleep parameters. These results call for future multicentre studies with longer follow-ups to assess the utility of antioxidant therapy in patients with OSA.

Effect of quercetin and mirtazapine on spermatogenesis and testis structure in phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia mice: An experimental study

Anemia poses a significant healthcare challenge across different socioeconomic groups and can result in reproductive system damage through the generation of free radicals and lipid peroxidation. This study examines the protective effects of quercetin (QUE) and mirtazapine (MIR) against the reproductive damage caused by phenylhydrazine (PHZ) in mice. Fifty NMRI mice, aged 8–10 weeks with an average weight of 27.0 ± 2.0 g, were randomly divided into five groups. The control group (Group 1) received oral administration of 10 mL/kg/day of normal saline. Group 2 (PHZ group) received an initial intraperitoneal dose of 8 mg/100 g body weight of PHZ, followed by subsequent doses of 6 mg/100 g every 48 h. Group 3 received PHZ along with oral QUE at a dosage of 50 mg/kg/day. Group 4 received PHZ along with oral MIR at a dosage of 30 mg/kg/day. Group 5 received PHZ along with oral QUE at a dosage of 50 mg/kg/day and MIR at a dosage of 30 mg/kg/day. The treatment duration was 35 days. Sperm samples were collected from the caudal region of the epididymis post-euthanasia to assess the total mean sperm count, sperm viability, motility, DNA damage, and morphology. Testicular tissue was employed to quantify total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, while serum levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were analyzed. Additionally, various aspects, including testicular histopathology, oxidative enzyme levels, gene expression related to apoptosis and antiapoptotic pathways, and in vivo fertility index, were evaluated after 35 days. The QUE, MIR, and QUE + MIR groups showed less abnormal morphology and DNA damage, as well as better total and progressive sperm motility, motility characteristics, viability, and plasma membrane function compared to the PHZ group. QUE, MIR, and QUE + MIR administration increased TAC, SOD, and GPx activities in testicular tissue, while reducing MDA levels compared to the PHZ group. Furthermore, QUE, MIR, and QUE + MIR significantly reduced Bax, and caspase-3 expression levels, and increased Bcl-2 expression levels, compared to the PHZ group. Mice treated with QUE, MIR, and QUE + MIR exhibited an increased in vivo fertility index and plasma sex hormone levels compared to the PHZ group. These results show that QUE, MIR, and QUE + MIR might be able to improve the fertility index, boost the testicular antioxidant defense system, and control the death of germ cells. This could mean that they could be used to treat mice with PHZ-induced testicular damage.

Doenjang Ameliorates Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Oxidative Damage by Improving Lipid Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in ICR Mice.

Hyperlipidemia, characterized by elevated cholesterol, lipids, and triglycerides in the bloodstream, is linked to hepatic oxidative damage. Doenjang, a traditional Korean condiment made from fermented soybeans, is known for its health benefits, yet its anti-hyperlipidemic effects remain understudied. Our study aimed to assess the hypolipidemic and hepatic protective effects of Doenjang on male ICR mice fed a high-fat cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. Mice were divided into three groups: the normal diet (ND), the high-fat cholesterol diet (HD), and the Doenjang-supplemented HD diet (DS) group. Doenjang supplementation significantly regulated total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol levels compared to the HD group. It also downregulated lipogenic genes, including PPARγ, FAS, and ACC, and positively influenced the cholesterol metabolism-related genes HMGCR and LXR. Moreover, Doenjang intake increased serum glutathione levels, activated oxidative stress defense genes (NRF2, SOD, GPx1, and CAT), positively modulated inflammation genes (NF-kB and IL6) in hepatic tissue, and reduced malondialdehyde levels. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of traditional Doenjang in preventing diet-induced hyperlipidemia and protecting against hepatic oxidative damage.

The impact of autologous platelet-rich plasma supplement on Ossimi ram semen quality and fertility: In vivo fertility of freshly diluted and frozen-thawed spermatozoa

The study aimed to investigate the effects of using the ram's platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a supplement on the quality, functionality, antioxidant activity, and in vivo fertilization of freshly diluted and frozen-thawed ram semen. Nine Ossimi rams were involved in the analysis, which comprised 162 ejaculates. Each ejaculate was segmented into five parts and mixed with a Tris-based extender containing varying concentrations of autologous PRP (ranging from 0% to 10%) for both freshly diluted and frozen-thawed semen. The evaluation encompassed sperm viability, motility, kinetics, functional traits, antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation content, and in vivo fertility. Results showed that supplementing with 5% PRP in both freshly diluted and frozen-thawed semen led to increased total and progressive motility of sperm, improved sperm kinetics and functional characteristics, and enhanced viability compared to the control groups. Notably, concentrations of PRP at 5% and 7.5% reduced malondialdehyde levels while increasing total antioxidant capacity, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase levels compared to the groups supplemented with 10% PRP and the control groups. Furthermore, the in vivo fertilization rate of ram semen significantly improved with 5% PRP supplementation compared to the control groups for both freshly diluted and frozen-thawed semen.In conclusion, the study suggests that incorporating 5% autologous PRP into seminal extenders can protect Ossimi ram sperm and enhance in vivo fertility for freshly diluted and frozen-thawed semen.

Therapeutic Potential of Silymarin in Mitigating Paclitaxel-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity: Insights into Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats.

Paclitaxel (PAX) is a widely used chemotherapy drug for various cancer types but often induces significant toxicity in multiple organ systems. Silymarin (SIL), a natural flavonoid, has shown therapeutic potential due to its multiple benefits. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of SIL in mitigating liver and kidney damage induced by PAX in rats, focusing on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways. Experimental animal model. The study included 28 male Wistar rats aged 12-14 weeks weighing 270-300 g. The rats were divided into four groups: control, SIL, PAX, and PAX + SIL, with seven in each group. The rats received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections at a dose of 2 mg per kilogram of body weight of PAX for 5 successive days, followed by oral gavage with 200 mg/kg body mass of SIL for 10 uninterrupted days. We examined the effect of SIL on specific serum biochemical parameters using an autoanalyzer and rat-specific kits. The spectrophotometric methods was used to investigate oxidative stress indicators in kidney and liver tissues. Aquaporin-2 (AQP-2), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cysteine aspartate-specific protease-3 (caspase-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and streptavidin-biotin staining were used to assess immunoreactivity in PAX-induced liver and kidney injury models. SIL treatment significantly reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, and C-reactive protein, indicating its effectiveness in treating PAX-induced liver and kidney injury. SIL treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress by increasing essential antioxidant parameters, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione. It also reduced malondialdehyde levels in liver and kidney tissues of SIL-PAX groups (p < 0.05). SIL administration reduced NF-κB, caspase-3, and IL-6 expression while increasing Bcl-2 and AQP2 levels in liver and kidney tissues of rats treated with SIL and PAX (p < 0.05). Our findings indicate the potential of SIL to alleviate PAX-induced liver and kidney damage in rats by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptotic processes.

Influence of low-cost Thai leucoxene minerals on the growth, bioactive compounds, and antibacterial activities of Chrysanthemum indium L. cuttings in in vitro culture

The effects of low-cost Thai leucoxene mineral (LM) at different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mg/L) on the growth and antibacterial properties of Chrysanthemum indium L. cuttings under in vitro were evaluated. The primary chemical composition of LM was approximately 86% titanium dioxide (TiO2), as determined by dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The crystalline structure, shape, and size were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. LM at 40 and 50 mg/L significantly increased plant height, leaf number, node number, and fresh and dry weight. These growth-promoting properties were accompanied by improved chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, LM treatment at 40 and 50 mg/L had positive effects on antibacterial activity, as indicated by the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. The high levels of phenolic compounds in the plants contributed to the MIC and MBC values. In conclusion, these findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of LM in enhancing the growth of Chrysanthemum plants in in vitro culture and improving their antibacterial abilities.

Enhancing Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life of Strawberries through Advanced Coating Technologies: A Comprehensive Investigation of Chitosan and Glycine Betaine Nanoparticle Treatments.

The application of natural polymer-based coatings presents a viable approach to prolong the longevity of fruits and tissue damage. This study investigates the impact of treatments involving glycine betaine (GB), chitosan (CTS), and chitosan-coated glycine betaine nanoparticles (CTS-GB NPs) on preserving the quality and reducing decay in strawberry fruits. The fruits were subjected to treatments with GB (1 mM), CTS (0.1%), CTS-GB NPs (0.1%), or distilled water at 20 °C for 5 min, followed by storage at 4 °C for 12 days. The results indicate that CTS and CTS-GB NPs treatments resulted in the highest tissue firmness, total anthocyanin content, and ascorbate peroxidase activity, while exhibiting the lowest decay percentage and weight loss, as well as reduced malondialdehyde levels at the end of storage. GB, CTS, and CTS-GB NPs treatments demonstrated elevated catalase activity and antioxidant capacity, coupled with lower electrolyte leakage and hydrogen peroxide levels. These treatments did not significantly differ from each other but were markedly different from the control. The results substantiate that CTS and CTS-GB NPs treatments effectively preserve strawberry quality and extend storage life by bolstering antioxidant capacity and mitigating free radical damage.

Modified Citrus Pectin (MCP) Confers a Renoprotective Effect on Early-Stage Nephropathy in Type-2 Diabetic Mice.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a significant global health concern with a high morbidity rate. Accumulating evidence reveals that Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, is a biomarker in kidney diseases. Our study aimed to assess the advantageous impacts of modified citrus pectin (MCP) as an alternative therapeutic strategy for the initial and ongoing progression of DN in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The animal model has been split into four groups: control group, T2DM group (mice received intraperitoneal injections of nicotinamide (NA) and streptozotocin (STZ), T2DM+MCP group (mice received 100 mg/kg/day MCP following T2DM induction), and MCP group (mice received 100 mg/kg/day). After 4 weeks, kidney weight, blood glucose level, serum kidney function tests, histopathological structure alterations, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis parameters were determined in renal tissues. Our findings demonstrated that MCP treatment reduced blood glucose levels, renal histological damage, and restored kidney weight and kidney function tests. Additionally, MCP reduced malondialdehyde level and restored glutathione level, and catalase activity. MCP demonstrated a notable reduction in inflammatory and apoptosis mediators TNF-α, iNOS, TGF-βRII and caspase-3. Overall, MCP could alleviate renal injury in an experimental model of DN by suppressing renal oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis mediators.

Suppression of inflammation in ulcerative colitis rats by avocado and pomegranate

BackgroundPomegranate seed oil (PSO) and avocado seed oil (ASO) are natural polyphenols with established anti-inflammatory activity. PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of PSO and ASO in experimental ulcerative colitis (UC) with reference to sulfasalazine (SLZ). MethodsEighty male albino rats were divided equally into 8 groups; Normal, PSO, ASO, SLZ, UC-control, (UC+PSO), (UC+ASO) and (UC+SLZ) groups. Colitis was induced by intra-rectal injection of acetic acid. PSO (0.5ml/ 200g), ASO (1ml/ 250g) and SLZ (100mg/kg) were administered orally once/day for 14 days, 24h after colitis induction. Colitis was evaluated by measuring disease activity index (DAI), colon weight/length ratio and histologic inflammatory score. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), colonic macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined. Colonic gene expression of TNF-α, VEGF and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also estimated. ResultsPSO and ASO treatments to UC rats significantly reduced DAI, weight/length ratio, VEGFR-2, and colon histologic inflammatory score versus UC-controls. ASO significantly suppressed MIF levels and TNF-α expression greater than PSO. However, PSO was more significant than ASO in reducing MDA levels and up-regulating HO-1 expression. Both oils significantly down-regulated VEGF expression. The obtained biochemical and histological changes induced by UC were nearly corrected by SLZ. ConclusionThe proved beneficial effect of PSO and ASO as anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and antioxidant in UC rats could be mediated by suppression of TNF-α, VEGF, and MIF and up-regulation of HO-1.

Protective effects of sugarcane polyphenol against UV-B-induced photoaging in Balb/c mouse skin: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-glycosylation Effects.

Although the benefits of sugarcane polyphenol (SP) are well documented, its function in preventing photoaging has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of SP in preventing ultraviolet (UV)-B-induced skin photoaging in Balb/c mice, as well as the underlying mechanism. Chlorogenic acid was determined to be the primary component of SP by using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. SP and chlorogenic acid were orally administrated to mice for 56 days, and UV-B radiation exposure was administered 14 days after SP and chlorogenic acid administration and lasted 42 days to cause photoaging. SP and chlorogenic acid administrations significantly alleviated the UV-B-induced mouse skin photoaging, as indicated by the decrease in epidermal thickness, increase in the collagen (COL) volume fraction, and elevation in type 1 and type 3 COL contents. Notably, both SP and chlorogenic acid effectively reversed the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase induced by UV-B exposure in the mouse skin. Furthermore, SP and chlorogenic acid reduced the expression of receptor for advanced glycosylation end products in the mice; amplified the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase; reduced malondialdehyde levels; and decreased inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α levels. SP could be a prospective dietary supplement for anti-photoaging applications due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-glycosylation attributes, and chlorogenic acid might play a major role in these effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study can provide a scientific basis for the practical application of sugarcane polyphenols. We expect that sugarcane polyphenols can be used in food and beverage products to provide flavor while combating skin aging.

The potential effect of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a radioprotective agent against 6 Gy total body irradiation in rats

The main impact of gamma radiation on a biological system is the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and free radicals. The study aimed to explore the potential effect of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) against 6 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) in rats by observing malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and comet assay. Twenty male rats were divided into five groups: control, 6 Gy, temulawak extract + 6 Gy, garlic extract + 6 Gy, and n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) + 6 Gy. MDA and GSH were measured on liver and spleen tissue homogenates, while comet assay was on lymphocyte cells. Gamma irradiation at 6 Gy significantly increased the MDA level and comet assay compared to the control group, while the GSH level decreased (p &lt; 0.05). Temulawak extract significantly reduced MDA levels and comet assay compared to the 6 Gy group while increasing GSH levels in the liver. Garlic extract significantly drops comet assay while increasing GSH levels in the liver. NAC decreases MDA levels in the liver and comet assay while increasing GSH levels in the spleen. It could be concluded that temulawak extract has a better radioprotective agent than garlic extract and is almost identical to NAC as a standard antioxidant.

Efek Ekstrak Ampas Seduhan Bubuk Kopi Dalam Menghambat Produksi Malondialdehid Pada Isolat Monosit Perifer Manusia yang Distimuli Dengan Eksotoksin Streptococcus mutans

Monocytes as non-specific immune cells provide an early response to pathogens and foreign objects that enter the body. When exposed to pathogens or foreign objects, monocytes experience an increase in the number of free radicals. Free radicals activate phospholipase enzymes that break down membrane phospholipids into phosphate, glycerol and fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) react with free radicals to undergo peroxidation to produce malondialdehyde (MDA). It takes antioxidant compounds that can reduce excess free radicals in the body. Coffee grounds as solid waste from the consumption of processed coffee products are not used and disposed of, it is suspected that they can be used as antioxidants. This study aims to determine the effect of coffee grounds steeping antioxidants on the profile of MDA levels in monocytes stimulated by the S. mutans exotoxin (In Vitro). Research was done in experimental post test only control group design. The object of this study was human peripheral blood monocytes, which were isolated by the Gradient Density method. Following in vitro exposure to the exotoxin S. mutans, the monocyte isolates were subjected to treatment with brewed coffee grounds extract at three different concentrations (0.25 mg/ml, 0.50 mg/ml, and 0.75 mg/ml). The MDA levels were subsequently determined by employing the TBArs method on a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of MDA levels were analyzed using One Way Anova and LSD. The MDA level data showed significance (p&lt;0.05) with the average MDA level in the Negative Control group1.49 g/ml; Positive Control 10.62 g/ml; T1 8.15 g/ml; T2 6.59 g/ml; and T3 4.69 g/ml. It can be concluded that the extract of brewed coffee grounds can reducing MDA levels in monocytes exposed to the exotoxin of S. mutans.

Bioactivity of Papua Red Fruit Extract (Pandanus conoideus L.) Against Superoxide dismutase, Malondialdehyde and Blood Glucose of Rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) Hyperglycemia

Red fruit (Pandanus conodus L.) is a plant native to Papua, ethnomedical used as a traditional medicine with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. However, research on the bioactivity of red fruit is still very poorly reported. The aim of this study was to characterize the bioactive content, antioxidant bioactivity and the effect of lowering blood glucose in hyperglycemic rats. Red fruit has extracted used the maceration method with 95% ethanol. Analysis of active compound content using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GC MS). Analysis of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and blood glucose levels was carried out using the in vivo method using white rats. The research results showed that red fruit ethanol extract contained 173 compounds from six main groups of compounds. Red fruit extract has effective in reducing MDA levels in hyperglycemic mice. K4 and K5 treatments were the best treatments for reducing MDA. Red fruit extract affects the duration of induction of increased SOD in hyperglycemic rats. Treatments K4 and K5 were the best treatments for SOD induction. Red fruit extract affects reducing blood glucose in hyperglycemic mice. Red fruit extract has antioxidant activity and lowers blood glucose. Red fruit extract has the potential to be developed as a source of bioactive antioxidants and antidiabetics.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Glucose, hyperglycemia, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase

Yarrowia lipolytica as a promising protein source for Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) diet: impact on growth performance, metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and apparent digestibility

Exploring alternatives to fishmeal (FM) in aquaculture nutrition remains a hot topic in this area. Yarrowia lipolytica (YL), a promising single-cell protein source, has yet to be evaluated for its use on the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) diet. This investigation assessed the effects of YL on growth performance, metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and nutrient digestibility in shrimp. Seven diets with equal protein and lipid contents were prepared, incorporating gradient YL (dry matter basis): 0% (control), 1.50%, 3.00%, 4.50%, 6.00%, 9.00%, and 12.00%. During a 56-day feeding trial involving shrimp, with an initial average weight of 0.32 ± 0.02 g, each kind of diet was randomly assigned to six tanks. It was observed that the growth performance improved initially but then exhibited a declining trend as the dietary inclusion of YL increased. Regression analysis indicated 2.68% as the optimal YL percentage for a specific growth rate (SGR), accounting for 10.54% of the dietary FM content. A higher YL (over 6.00%), which is equivalent to replacing over 23.6% of the FM, led to increased feed intake and conversion ratios, possibly correlating with decreased YL digestibility. However, YL inclusion across the studied range had no detrimental impact on intestinal or hepatopancreatic morphology. Notably, higher YL levels significantly enhanced hepatopancreatic trypsin activity and reduced serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels. The inclusion of YL notably augmented antioxidant defense mechanisms in shrimp, as evidenced by increased total antioxidant capacity and catalase activities, as well as reduced malondialdehyde levels in the hepatopancreas, possibly due to the presence of β-glucan and mannan oligosaccharides in YL. These findings support YL being viable as a protein source in shrimp feeds.

SlWRKY81 regulates Spd synthesis and Na+/K+ homeostasis through interaction with SlJAZ1 mediated JA pathway to improve tomato saline-alkali resistance.

Saline-alkali stress is an important abiotic stress factor affecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant growth. Although the involvement of the tomato SlWRKY gene family in responses to saline-alkali stress has been well established, the mechanism underlying resistance to saline-alkali stress remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of SlWRKY81 in conferring saline-alkali stress resistance by using overexpression and knockout tomato seedlings obtained via genetic modification. We demonstrated that SlWRKY81 improves the ability of tomato to withstand saline-alkali stress by enhancing antioxidant capacity, root activity, and proline content while reducing malondialdehyde levels. Saline-alkali stress induces an increase in jasmonic acid (JA) content in tomato seedlings, and the SlWRKY81 promoter responds to JA signaling, leading to an increase in SlWRKY81 expression. Furthermore, the interaction between SlJAZ1 and SlWRKY81 represses the expression of SlWRKY81. SlWRKY81 binds to W-box motifs in the promoter regions of SlSPDS2 and SlNHX4, thereby positively regulating their expression. This regulation results in increased spermidine (Spd) content and enhanced potassium (K+) absorption and sodium (Na+) efflux, which contribute to the resistance of tomato to saline-alkali stress. However, JA and SlJAZ1 exhibit antagonistic effects. Elevated JA content reduces the inhibitory effect of SlJAZ1 on SlWRKY81, leading to the release of additional SlWRKY81 protein and further augmenting the resistance of tomato to saline-alkali stress. In summary, the modulation of Spd synthesis and Na+/K+ homeostasis mediated by the interaction between SlWRKY81 and SlJAZ1 represents a novel pathway underlying tomato response to saline-alkali stress.

Yunvjian decoction mitigates hyperglycemia in rats induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin via reducing oxidative stress in pancreatic beta cells

Ethnopharmacological relevanceYunvjian (YNJ), a traditional Chinese herbal formula first reported in Jing Yue Quan Shu, is commonly used in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanism by which YNJ affects T2DM remains unclear. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of YNJ on T2DM and explore the potential mechanism involved. Materials and methodsHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to identify the chemical compounds of YNJ. The anti-T2DM effects of YNJ were observed in a high-fat diet/streptozotocin induced rat model. The type 2 diabetic rats were prepared as follows: rats were fed a high-fat diet for four weeks and then intraperitoneally injected with a low dose (30 mg/kg) of streptozotocin. YNJ and the positive control metformin were used in these experiments. Biochemical assays were implemented to determine the fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, serum lipid levels, and oxidative stress index of the pancreas. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to assess histopathological alterations in the pancreas. The mechanism by which YNJ affects T2DM was evaluated in INS-1 cells treated with glucose and high sodium palmitate. YNJ-supplemented serum was used in these experiments. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, Nile red staining, flow cytometric analysis, and Western blotting were used to assess apoptosis, insulin secretion, lipid accumulation, reactive oxygen species production, and protein levels. ResultsFive major compounds were identified in YNJ. In high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, YNJ-M notably decreased fasting blood glucose and lipid levels; ameliorated glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and islet morphology; reduced Malondialdehyde levels; and restored superoxide dismutase activity in the pancreatic islets. Furthermore, the effect of YNJ-M was significantly greater than that of YNJ-L, and YNJ-H had little effect on diabetic rats. In vitro experiments revealed that YNJ-supplemented serum (10%, 15%, and 20%) dramatically suppressed apoptosis, mitigated intracellular lipid accumulation and reduced intracellular oxidative stress levels in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, YNJ-supplemented serum increased the protein expression of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, Heme oxygenase-1, and superoxide dismutase 1 and inhibited the protein expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. ConclusionYNJ ameliorates high-fat diet/streptozotocin induced experimental T2DM. The underlying mechanism involves reducing oxidative stress in pancreatic beta cells. The findings of this study provide scientific justification for the application of the traditional medicine YNJ in treating T2DM.

Long-term administration of omeprazole in mice: a study of behavior, inflammatory, and oxidative stress alterations with focus on central nervous system.

Chronic use of omeprazole has been linked to central effects alongside with the global concern of increasing appearance of neuropsychiatric disorders. This study aimed to identifying behavioral, inflammatory, and oxidative stress alterations after long-term administration of omeprazole. C57BL/6 mice were divided in groups: OME and Sham, each received either solutions of omeprazole or vehicle, administered for 28 days by gavage. Results observed in the omeprazole-treated mice: Decrease in the crossing parameter in the open field, no change in the motor performance assessed by rotarod, an immobility time reduction in the forced swimming test, improved percentage of correct alternances in the Ymaze and an exploration time of the novel object reduction in the novel object recognition. Furthermore, a reduced weight gain and hippocampal weight were observed. There was an increase in the cytokine IL1-β levels in both prefrontal cortex (PFC) and serum, whereas TNF-α increased only in the PFC. Nitrite levels increased in the hippocampus (HP) and PFC, while malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased. These findings suggest that omeprazole improves depressive-like behavior and working memory, likely through the increase in nitrite and reduction in MDA levels in PFC and HP, whereas, the impairment of the recognition memory is more likely to be related to the reduced hippocampal weight. The diminished weight gain might be associated with the IL-1β increased levels in the peripheral blood. Altogether, omeprazole showed to have the potential to impact at central level and inflammatory and oxidative parameters might exert a role between it.

Protective Effects of Alpha-lipoic Acid, Resveratrol, and Apigenin Against Oxidative Damages, Histopathological Changes, and Mortality Induced by Lung Irradiation in Rats.

This study investigated the protective effects of three antioxidants on radiationinduced lung injury. Oxidative stress is one of the key outcomes of radiotherapy in normal tissues. It can induce severe injuries in lung tissue, which may lead to pneumonitis and fibrosis. Recently, interest in natural chemicals as possible radioprotectors has increased due to their reduced toxicity, cheaper price, and other advantages. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the radioprotective effect of Alpha-lipoic Acid (LA), Resveratrol (RVT), and Apigenin (APG) against histopathological changes and oxidative damage and survival induced by ionizing radiation (IR) in the lung tissues of rats. First, the lung tissue of 50 mature male Wistar rats underwent an 18 Gy gamma irradiation. Next, the rats were sacrificed and transverse sections were obtained from the lung tissues and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and Mason trichrome (MTC) for histopathological evaluation. Then, the activity of Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by an ELISA reader at 340, 405, and 550 nm. Based on the results of this study, IR led to a remarkable increase in morphological changes in the lung. However, APG, RVT, and LA could ameliorate the deleterious effects of IR in lung tissue. IR causes an increase in GPX level, and APG+IR administration causes a decrease in the level of GPX compared to the control group. Also, the results of this study showed that RVT has significant effects in reducing MDA levels in the short term. In addition, compared to the control group, IR and RVT+IR decrease the activity of SOD in the long term in the lung tissues of rats. Also, the analysis of results showed that weight changes in IR, LA+IR, APG+IR, and control groups were statistically significant. APG and RVT could prevent tissue damage induced by radiation effects in rat lung tissues. Hence, APG, LA, and RVT could provide a novel preventive action with their potential antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties, as well as their great safety characteristic.