Reduction In Gingival Index Scores Research Articles

Effect of Gum Arabic on plaque-induced gingivitis: A randomised controlled trial

New approaches to treating periodontal diseases aim to balance sustaining the natural oral microbiota and modifying the host immune response. Gum Arabic (GA) is a natural polysaccharide rich in prebiotics.The aim of this study was to assess the effect of GA on clinical (Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI)) and immunological (Gingival Crevicular Fluid Interleukin 1 Beta (GCF IL-1 β)) parameters in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis. Materials and methodsThis placebo-controlled, double-blinded randomised clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Periodontology at Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, from July to October 2016. Patients diagnosed with plaque-induced gingivitis meeting the study eligibility criteria were enrolled. At baseline, PI, GI and GCF IL-1β were measured. Patients received full-mouth scaling and were randomly assigned to receive either GA powder (intervention group) or Microcrystalline cellulose powder (placebo group). The patients were instructed to apply the treatment twice a day throughout the study. The PI, GI and GCF IL-1β were reassessed after 30 and 60 days. ResultsA total of 60 patients were enrolled (30 in each group). Compared to the placebo group, the intervention group showed a statistically significant reduction in GI scores after 30 days and improved PI scores at 30 and 60 days. Between baseline and 60 days, patients who received GA exhibited a significant reduction in GCF IL-1β levels compared to the placebo group. ConclusionGA was found to be effective in controlling plaque and gingivitis.Clinical Trial Registration. ISRCTN registry ISRCTN14209449.

Efektifitas Propolis Toothpaste sebagai Initial Therapy pada Mild Gingivitis

Karakteristik gingivitis ringan adalah terjadinya perubahan warna gusi, edema ringan, tidak ada pendarahan dan tanpa ada rasa nyeri. Jika pasien tidak mendapatkan perawatan yang tepat, gingivitis dapat berubah menjadi periodontitis yang menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan tulang rahang alveolar, menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan lebih lanjut secara lokal dan sistemik melalui pembuluh darah. Pemilihan terapi yang tepat sangat penting untuk mengurangi prevalensi dari penyakit ini. Selain proses scaling dan kontrol plak, penggunaan pasta gigi propolis dapat digunakan sebagai terapi awal. Komposisi pasta gigi yang mengandung propolis memiliki efek anti-inflamasi yang bermanfaat sebagai salah satu terapi awal untuk mengobati gingivitis ringan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Indeks gingiva dari 15 pasien diukur sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan pasta gigi propolis. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara univariat untuk menggambarkan masing-masing variabel dengan Kolmogorov-Smirnof Test. Perbedaan indeks gingiva antara sebelum dan sesudah menyikat gigi dengan pasta gigi yang mengandung propolis dianalisis dengan uji T berpasangan. Pasta gigi yang mengandung propolis ini terbukti efektif dalam terapi awal gingivitis ringan dengan rata-rata pengurangan skor indeks gingiva sebelum dan sesudah adalah 0,40 ± 0,04. Terdepat perbedaan yang signifikan (p <0,05) antara rata-rata penurunan nilai gingiva indeks sebelum dan setelah penggunaan pasta gigi yang mengandung propolis.

Green tea extract as a local drug therapy on periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus: A randomized case-control study

Background:The green tea extract is a naturally occurring product having beneficial effects that counteract with the pathobiological features of periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. Hence, the present study was aimed at incorporation of green tea extract into hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose and investigates its efficacy in chronic periodontitis patients associated with and without diabetes mellitus.Materials and Methods:For the in vitro study, formulation of green tea strips and placebo strips, and analysis of drug release pattern from the green tea strips at different time intervals were performed. For the in vivo study, 50 patients (20-65 years), including 25 systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis (group 1) and 25 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (group 2) were enrolled. In each patient, test and control sites were identified for the placement of green tea and placebo strips, respectively. Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were examined at baseline, first, second, third, and fourth weeks. Microbiological analysis for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was performed at baseline and fourth week.Results:The in vitro study showed 10.67% green tea release at 30 min; thereafter, a slow release was noted till 120 min.In vivo study:Both groups showed significant reduction in GI scores at the test sites. Group 1 showed significant (P < 0.001) PPD reduction at different time intervals at the test sites. However, group 2 showed significant reduction from baseline (5.30 ± 0.70) to fourth week (3.5 ± 0.97). Statistically significant gain in CAL at the test sites was observed both in group 1 (1.33 mm) and group 2 (1.43 mm). The prevalence of P. gingivalis in group 1 test sites was significantly reduced from baseline (75%) to fourth week (25%).Conclusions:Local drug delivery using green tea extract could be used as an adjunct in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals.

The Effect of Retained Subgingival Calculus on Healing after Flap Surgery

This study investigated the effects of retained subgingival calculus on healing of the periodontium at ten, 30 and 120 days. Eight beagle dogs between eight and ten years old with naturally occurring periodontal disease were used. One dog that died before any procedures were done provided information on the extent of gingival inflammation prior to surgery. Quadrants from seven dogs meeting the criteria for inclusion were selected, and each quadrant was randomly designated as either an instrumented or noninstrumented, surgical site. The gingival index for the selected sites was recorded along with clinical probing measurements. Instrumented sites were treated by reflection of a facial mucoperiosteal flap followed by thorough root planing. Non instrumented sites were treated by a facial mucoperiosteal flap alone. All flaps were returned to their preoperative position and secured with interrupted sutures. No antibiotics were given. Meticulous daily plaque control was begun the day after surgery and continued until sacrifice. There was a statistically significant reduction in gingival index scores for the 30- and 120-day instrumented sites and for the 120-day noninstrumented sites. Mean probing depths for the instrumented group showed a significant reduction at 30 and 120 days and for the noninstrumented group at 120 days after surgery. Forty percent of the noninstrumented roots and 10% of the instrumented roots displayed subgingival calculus. At all evaluation periods and in both instrumented and noninstrumented roots, inflammation was more intense when calculus was present; the difference was significant at ten days with the instrumented and at ten and 30 days with the noninstrumented specimens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)