Reduce Blood Sugar Levels Research Articles

Oral Active Carbon Quantum Dots for Diabetes

Background/Objectives: Metformin (Met), an oral drug used to treat type II diabetes, is known to control blood glucose levels. Metformin carbon quantum dots (MetCQDs) were prepared to enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of metformin. Several studies have shown that carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have attractive properties like small particle size, high penetrability, low cytotoxicity, and ease of synthesis. CQDs are made from a carbon source, namely, citric acid, and a heteroatom, such as nitrogen. The active molecule can be a carbon source or a heteroatom, as reported here. Methods: This study aims to produce MetCQDs from an active molecule. MetCQDs were successfully produced by microwave-based production methods and characterized. The effect of the MetCQDs was tested in Wistar albino rats following a Streptozocin-induced diabetic model. Results: The results show that the products have a particle size of 9.02 ± 0.04 nm, a zeta potential of −10.4 ± 0.214 mV, and a quantum yield of 15.1 ± 0.045%. Stability studies and spectrophotometric analyses were carried out and the effectiveness of MetCQDs evaluated in diabetic rats. The results show a significant reduction in blood sugar levels (34.1–51.1%) compared to the group receiving only metformin (37.1–55.3%) over a period of 30 to 360 min. Histopathological examinations of the liver tissue indicate improvement in the liver health indicators of the group treated with MetCQDs. Conclusions: Based on these results, the products have potential therapeutic advantages in diabetes management through their increased efficacy and may have reduced side effects compared to the control group.

Description of Blood Sugar Levels of Male Wistar Rats after Administration of Ethanol Extract of Rambusa Leaves (Passiflora Foetida Linn.) from Central Kalimantan

Rambusa (Passiflora foetida Linn.) is a type of plant that is often found creeping on other plants. Usually found in watery areas such as swamps and rivers. The rambusa plant contains chemical compounds which are useful sources and can be developed as medicine. Several previous studies explained that Rambusa (Passiflora foetida Linn.) which grows in several areas shows antidiabetic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the blood sugar levels of male Wistar rats after administration of ethanol extract of rambusa leaves (Passiflora foetida Linn.) from Central Kalimantan. This research was carried out using an experimental or experimental method (experiment research) in the laboratory which was carried out with a series of experiments using the GCU Check strip. The results of this study show that ethanol extract of rambusa leaves from Central Kalimantan can reduce blood sugar levels of male Wistar rats at doses of 1.5 mg/Kgbb and 2 mg/Kgbb.

HUBUNGAN SENAM PROLANIS TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH SEWAKTU PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 DI PUSKESMAS SEI LEKOP

Background : Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels in the body due to insulin resistance or inadequate insulin production. The purpose of this study is to investigatethe relationship between physical activity and blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus who participated in the PROLANIS program at the Sei Lekop Community Health Center in 2023. Methods : This study is an observational research with an analytical cohort design. Data collection was obtained from the medical records of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are registered under BPJS. The data analysis methods include univariate analysis and bivariate analysis, with a standard error of estimate set at 5% or 0.05 Results : The results of the Wilcoxon test showed that PROLANIS exercise had a relationship with reducing blood sugar levels during type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at the Sei Lekop Community Health Center in 2023. The results of the Wilcoxon test were p = 0.001. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between PROLANIS exercise and random blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at Sei Lekop Health Center in 2023 Keywords : Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Glucose Levels, and PROLANIS Exercise.

Formulation and evaluation of physical stability and antidiabetic activity from nanoliposomes containing an ethyl acetate extract of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrader & Wendland fruit in rats

Introduction: The extract of Solanum xanthocarpum fruit has antidiabetic activity. This research aims to formulate nanoliposomes containing ethyl acetate extracts of S. xanthocarpum selected from multilevel extraction, evaluate their physical stability and antidiabetic activity, and compare them with the extract. Methods: The extracts were prepared using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water as solvents, and their antidiabetic activities were evaluated to select the extract most effective in lowering blood sugar levels in rats. That extract was formulated into three nanoliposomes using varying amounts of phospholipid, cholesterol, and Span 60, i.e., F1 (40 mmol), F2 (50 mmol), and F3 (60 mmol). Various sonication times ranging from 10 to 30 minutes were evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency, and physical stability. The selected formulations were evaluated for antidiabetic activity. Results: The ethyl acetate extract showed the highest decrease in glucose in rats and was selected for nanoliposome formulation. The nanoliposomes obtained were physically stable at low temperatures for 12 weeks. F2 had the smallest particle size (143.97 nm) and the greatest entrapment efficiency (92.981% ± 0.35%) with a sonication time of 30 minutes and was significantly different from F1 and F3 (P<0.05). The highest percentage reduction in blood sugar levels was with F2 at 74.57% and significantly differed (P<0.05) from the ethyl acetate extract of S. xanthocarpum at 73.98% and the positive control rat group. Conclusion: The results show the potential uses of the prepared nanoparticles, especially the F2 formulation, as an antidiabetic formula.

Implementasi Senam Kaki Untuk Menurunkan Kadar Gula Darah pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Tentaratk Iv 01.07.01 Pematangsiantar

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by increased blood glucose levels, which over time causes serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. The aim of this study is to describe nursing care in the application of foot exercises to reduce blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, which over time causes serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. The aim of this study is to describe nursing care in the application of foot exercises to reduce blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. leg exercises can reduce blood sugar levels. The application of foot exercises can reduce blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Comparing the Antibacterial Efficacy of Morus Alba (Mulberry Leaf) Extract and 0.2% Chlorhexidine: An Invitro Assay

Background: Morus Alba is being used for the treatment of diabetes to reduce blood sugar levels. It has also shown antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity against Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus epidermis, and S. aureus. Extracts of the bark of Morus alba have also shown bactericidal activity against the oral Streptococci. Aim: To compare the antibacterial efficacy of Morus Alba (mulberry leaf) extract with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash. Material & methods: The Morus Alba aqueous leaf extraction was carried out by using the hot maceration technique with deionised water, and the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of the of the Morus Alba aqueous leaf extract was evaluated against the biofilm-forming Streptococcus mutans. Results: The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of hot methanol extract of Morusalba (2.5 mg/ 10 ml) was used to study its effect on bacterial growth. As the concentration of Morus Alba aqueous leaf extract increases, the OD values decrease, indicating reduced bacterial growth. The reduction percentage increases with higher concentrations of leaf extract, showing a dose-dependent inhibition of Streptococcus mutans. The 0.2% CHX shows the highest reduction, confirming its effectiveness. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Morus Alba mouthwash shows a significant inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans, with higher concentrations leading to a greater reduction in bacterial growth.

Virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies on the hypoglycemic function of oat peptides

Oat contains a large amount of polysaccharides and peptides, among which oat peptides have the function of reducing blood sugar levels in the body. This paper reviewed the peptides obtained from oat extraction and identification from literature and constructed the corresponding oat peptide database. Based on the DPP4 protein, a virtual screening of the peptide database was performed. One hundred nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations were performed for the six peptides obtained from the screening. The interaction information between different peptide molecules and DPP4 was analyzed from the stable binding conformations after the simulation, and the binding free energy between different peptide molecules and DPP4 was calculated. The results show that the peptide molecules obtained from the virtual screening can all stably bind to the DPP4 protein, among which two peptide molecules have relatively strong affinity with DPP4 and can be used as lead molecules for the subsequent design and modification of DPP4 inhibitors. The simulation results are informative for a deeper understanding of the structural characteristics of DPP4 and the molecular recognition mechanism between DPP4 and oat peptides.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors ameliorate ER stress-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by inhibiting CD36 in NAFLD progression in vitro

Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, antidiabetic drugs that reduce blood sugar levels by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules, also ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to examine the effects of SGLT2 inhibition on hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) using an in vitro model of NAFLD progression. HepG2 cells and a coculture of Hepa1c1c7 and Raw 264.7 cells were treated with 400 μM palmitic acid (PA), followed by treatment with or without 10 μM empagliflozin and dapagliflozin. In HepG2 cells, PA increased hepatic lipid accumulation, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), exocytosis mediators (VAMP3 and SNAP23), and ER stress markers (GRP78, PERK, IRE1α, ATF6, ATF4, and CHOP), and the gene and protein expression of CD36. SGLT2 inhibitors reversed the effects of PA. SGLT2 inhibition via siRNA reduced proinflammatory-cytokine gene expression in thapsigargin-treated HepG2 cells. Transfection with CD36 siRNA reversed the elevated ATF4 and CHOP expression in PA-treated HepG2 cells. SGLT2 inhibition via an SGTL2 inhibitor and SGLT2 siRNA reduced CD36, Tnf-α, Il-6, Il-1β, Vamp2, Snap23, Atf4, and Chop expression in the PA-treated Hepa1c1c7–Raw 264.7 cell coculture and suppressed Tnf-α release in the Hepa1c1c7–Raw 264.7 cell coculture treated with lipopolysaccharide and PA. These findings indicate that SGLT2 inhibitors inhibited NAFLD progression by reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation.

Causal Relationship Model of Health Literacy, Self-Efficacy Perception, Self-Care Behaviors on Blood Sugar Levels Among Elderly People with Type-2 Diabetes

Objective: To develop a causal relationship model of health literacy, self-efficacy perception, and Self-Care Behaviors on Blood Sugar Levels of Type 2 Diabetes on Elderly and check for the developed model's consistency with empirical data. Method: The sample consisted of 455 elderly people with type-2 diabetes who could not control their glycemic control using stratified sampling. The tool used to collect data was a questionnaire. The confidence value was 0.804-0.964. The LISREL program analyzed structural equation model data. Results: The developed causal relationship model consisted of self-care behaviors as direct negative causes of blood sugar levels. Health literacy and self-efficacy were negative indirect causes of blood sugar levels with self-care behavior as a carrier. The developed model was consistent with the empirical data with Chi-Square = 62.20, df= 54, relative Chi-Square = 1.15, p = 0.20733, RMSEA = 0.0183, RMR= 0.00895, SRMR = 0.0186, GFI = 0.983, AGFI = 0.962, CFI = 0.999, NFI = 0.989 and all variables contributed to the percentage variance in blood glucose level. at 97.8 %. Conclusion: The findings revealed that in caring for the elderly with type 2 diabetes, health literacy development must be considered, self-efficacy perception and better self-care behavior in order to help reduce blood sugar levels in this group of elderly people in the end.

Extraction of anti-hyperglycaemic bioactive compounds from Phyllanthus niruri L. through solvent mixture design: In vitro and in vivo evaluation

BackgroundSpecies within Phyllanthus genus exhibit a diverse range of experimentally validated pharmacological activities. Notably, Phyllanthus niruri Linneo(Phyllanthaceae), commonly referred to as stonebreaker, is a native Central and South American species with a rich history of use in traditional ethnomedicine for treating gastrointestinal and renal disorders. PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the application of various solvent mixtures to optimize the extraction of anti-hyperglycemic secondary metabolites from P. niruri. MethodsTo optimize the extraction of anti-hyperglycemic compounds from P. niruri, a solvent mixture design strategy was employed. The optimized extracts were subjected to chemical characterization using spectrophotometric methods and HPLC-DAD analysis. Also, the influence of edaphoclimatic conditions on the composition of extracts was investigated. The anti-hyperglycaemic potential of the extracts was evaluated through both in vitro and in vivo assays. The in vitro studies included enzyme inhibition assays targeting α-glucosidase from two sources (yeast and pig). For in vivo studies, a rat model with oral starch overload was used to confirm the anti-hyperglycaemic activity of the extracts. ResultsAn optimal solvent mixture (70 % methanol and 30 % ethyl acetate) was found as effective for extracting compounds with anti-hyperglycemic potential from P. niruri. All the extracts obtained using this solvent inhibited both, yeast and pig α-glucosidase, with greater selectivity for inhibiting the yeast-derived enzyme. Extracts from aerial parts (AP) exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity. These extracts contained phenolic compounds, specifically flavonoids, but no condensed tannins were detected. Chromatographic analysis of profile revealed a major peak consistent with corilagin. In vivo studies using a dose of 500 mg kg-1 demonstrated that this extract significantly reduced blood sugar levels after starch overload in rats. ConclusionThis study demonstrates the importance of selecting appropriate solvent mixtures to extract bioactive compounds with anti-hyperglycemic properties from P. niruri. Our findings support the traditional use of this plant as a anti-hyperglycaemic agent in ethnomedicine.

Mendelian randomization study of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in cardiac and renal diseases.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) target the reabsorption of sodium and glucose in the kidney proximal tubules to reduce blood sugar levels. However, clinical randomized controlled trials on SGLT2i have yielded inconsistent results, necessitating further research into their efficacy and safety for specific cardiac and renal diseases. "Sodium in urine" was selected as a downstream biomarker of SGLT2i. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were extracted from genome-wide association study data as instrumental variables. Mendelian randomization analysis was then conducted for cardiac and renal diseases and potential adverse events. The causal effects of SGLT2i on these diseases were determined based on inverse variance weighted results, followed by sensitivity and pleiotropy tests. SGLT2i had a significant protective effect against nephrotic syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 0.0011, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.000-0.237), chronic glomerulonephritis (OR 0.0002, 95% CI 0.000-0.21), and hypertensive nephropathy (OR 0.0003, 95% CI 0.000-0.785). No causal effects were observed between SGLT2i and cardiac diseases or potential adverse events. SGLT2i can act as protective factors against nephrotic syndrome, chronic glomerulonephritis, and hypertensive nephropathy.

The Effect of Diabetic Foot Gymnastics on Lowering Blood Sugar in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in the Gisting Health Center Working Area

Diabetic foot exercise is an exercise designed for people with diabetes mellitus to improve blood circulation and prevent foot ulcers. This exercise activates more insulin receptors and increases blood flow, so the muscles use more glucose and lower blood sugar levels. The study was conducted to find out the effect of diabetic foot exercises on lowering blood sugar in people with diabetes mellitus in the Gisting Health Center working area. The study used a quasi-experimental design using a nonequivalent control group design and involved 16 samples selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis began with the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, followed by the dependent sample t-test to evaluate significant differences in blood sugar levels. The results obtained based on statistical analysis showed a ρ-value of 0.000 and below the significance of α=0.05. The results obtained show the effect of diabetic foot exercises on significantly reducing blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Based on these results, the study recommends that people with diabetes mellitus routinely do diabetic foot exercises because this exercise is proven effective in lowering blood sugar levels.

Evaluating Gliclazide Safety and Effectiveness in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Gliclazide is an oral medication used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by reducing blood sugar levels. Being a second-generation sulfonylurea, it functions by promoting the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells, therefore improving the regulation of blood sugar levels. This study assesses the effectiveness and safety of gliclazide in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), specifically as a second-line treatment after metformin. It also compares the advantages and disadvantages of gliclazide with other oral antidiabetic medications. The study reviews global diabetes guidelines and clinical studies focusing on gliclazide's mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical outcomes. Gliclazide effectively reduces HbA1c levels, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial blood glucose, showing comparable or superior efficacy to other sulfonylureas. The mechanism involves stimulating insulin release by binding to the sulfonylurea receptor on pancreatic beta cells. The trial indicated that gliclazide may slow the progression of diabetic retinopathy, particularly in preventing preproliferative stages, compared to other sulfonylureas. Gliclazide also demonstrated a lower incidence of hypoglycemia and weight gain. Gliclazide is an effective and safe second-line treatment for T2DM, providing robust glycemic control and additional benefits in preventing diabetic retinopathy progression. Its favorable safety profile, particularly regarding hypoglycemia and weight gain, supports its use in diabetes management.

The Effect of a Vegan Diet on the Health Indicators and Outcomes of P atients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Recently, there has been a notable increase in interest in various forms of vegetarianism, which may be due to the growing prevalence of health issues, such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Adhering to a vegan diet may have positive health outcomes. As a result, we conducted a review article to gather data from previous research studies on the effects of a vegan diet on different aspects of managing patients with T2DM. We searched the PubMed website for research studies on how a vegan diet affects the outcomes of patients with T2DM. The research studies were categorized according to the type of data collected, such as prevalence, incidence, body weight, insulin resistance, glycemic control, and lipid profile. It was found that following a vegetarian diet can significantly reduce the risk of mortality from heart disease. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that a vegetarian diet is linked to several improvements in T2DM. However, long-term weight loss plans and managing T2DM is a comprehensive intervention that includes caloric restriction, exercise, and behavioral modification. Incorporating a vegan diet can be a valuable factor to consider in managing T2DM, as it can offer numerous benefits, such as increased insulin sensitivity, weight loss, and reduced blood sugar levels. It helps to reduce cholesterol levels, LDL, and triglyceride levels, which are all risk factors associated with T2DM. By reducing these risk factors, the vegan diet can improve the overall health of T2DM patients. </p>.

Enhancing Spermatozoa Quality and Spermatogenic Cell in Hyperglycemic Mice (Mus musculus L.) with Sambung Nyawa (Gynura procumbens) and Mahagany (Swietenia mahagoni jacq) extracts, Alone and in Combination

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the ethanol extract of sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) leaves, mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni jacq) seeds, and their combination on the motility, viability, morphology, and concentration of spermatozoa, spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids in hyperglycemic mice induced with 10% dextrose. A total of 48 male mice were used as experimental animals, and the extracts were administered orally for 35 days. On day 36, spermatozoa and testicular tissues were collected for analysis. The results showed that the extracts at various doses had the potential to reduce blood glucose levels and improve the motility, viability, morphology, and concentration of spermatozoa and germ cells in hyperglycemic mice. Result:The combination of sambung nyawa leaves and mahogany seeds at a dose of 150:150 mg/kg BW was found to be the most effective in reducing blood sugar levels and improving sperm parameters. Therefore, these extracts have the potential to be used as alternative herbal ingredients with similar effects to metformin in reducing diabetes and improving fertility.

Application Of Cinnamon Bark Boiling To Reduce Blood Sugar Levels In Patients Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type II Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by an increase in blood sugar levels at times equal to or more than 200 mg/dL, and fasting blood sugar levels above or equal to 126 mg/dl. Diabetes Mellitus as a non-communicable disease is the number one cause of death in the world. It is estimated that 422 million adults lived with diabetes mellitus in 2014. Based on the 2018 Riskesdas results, the prevalence of type 2 DM based on doctor's diagnosis in Indonesia was 2.0%, whereas in 2013 it was only 1.5%. The aim of this research is the application of cinnamon bark decoction to reduce blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus sufferers. This research was conducted in the working area of ​​the Lubuk Basung Community Health Center with a Quasi-Experimental research type with the research design being a one group pretest-posttest design. This research was conducted for 3 days on all clients suffering from Diabetes Mellitus who met the inclusion criteria. The research results showed that the average pretest blood sugar with cinnamon bark decoction in respondents was 215.88 mg/dL. The posttest blood sugar results for respondents with cinnamon bark were 163.38 mg/dL. The difference in reducing blood sugar levels in respondents with cinnamon bark was 52.5 mg/dl. So it can be concluded that there is an influence on sugar levels in diabetes mellitus patients by giving cinnamon decoction.

Rosa canina extract relieves methylation alterations of pancreatic genes in STZ-induced diabetic rats : Gene methylation in diabetic rats treated with an extract.

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects many parts of the body. Considering diabetes as a beta cells' defect and loss, the focus is on finding mechanisms and compounds involved in stimulating the function and regeneration of pancreatic β-cells. DNA methylation as an epigenetic mechanism plays a pivotal role in the β-cells' function and development. Considering the regenerative and anti-diabetic effects of Rosa canina extract, this study aimed to assess the methylation levels of Pdx-1, Pax-4, and Ins-1 genes in diabetic rats treated with Rosa Canina extract. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were used to evaluate the frequency of Pdx-1, Pax-4, and Ins-1 gene methylation. Treatment groups were exposed to Rosa canina as spray-dried and decoction extracts. Following blood glucose measurement, pancreatic DNA was extracted and bisulfited. Genes' methylation was measured using MSP-PCR and qRT-PCR techniques. Oral administration of Rosa canina extracts significantly reduced blood sugar levels in diabetic rats compared to the control group. The methylation levels of the Pdx-1, Pax-4, and Ins-1 genes promoter in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats increased compared to the control rats while, the treatment of diabetic rats with Rosa canina extracts, spray-dried samples especially, led to a decreased methylation in these genes. The results of this study showed that Rosa canina extract as a spray-dried sample could be effective in treating diabetes by regulating the methylation of genes including Pdx-1, Pax-4, and Ins-1 involved in the activity and regeneration of pancreatic islet cells.

Managing high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) during pasireotide treatment: A plain language summary of the B2219 study

What is this summary about? Pasireotide is a medication used to treat people with acromegaly or Cushing's disease, both of which are hormonal disorders caused by a non-cancerous tumor (adenoma) in the pituitary gland. Because of the way pasireotide works to treat these conditions, sometimes blood sugar levels can increase during treatment, causing a side effect known as hyperglycemia. This is a summary about a study called B2219 (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02060383), which was designed specifically to look at which additional medication(s) work(s) best to reduce blood sugar levels (antihyperglycemic medication) for people who require treatment for hyperglycemia while receiving pasireotide. What were the results? Researchers found that 4 in every 10 people who took part in the; study did not develop hyperglycemia and therefore did not require antihyperglycemic medication. For those who did, metformin was a good treatment option, followed by incretin-based therapy (sitagliptin and/or liraglutide) if hyperglycemia continued. What do the results of the study mean? This study shows that if hyperglycemia occurs during pasireotide treatment, it is manageable in most people. As such, people with acromegaly or Cushing's disease can experience long-term treatment benefits with pasireotide. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02060383 ( ClinicalTrials.gov ) (B2219 study); 2012-002916-16 (B2219 study)

Exploring Folklore Ecuadorian Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Components Focusing on Antidiabetic Potential: An Overview.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health concern characterized by a deficiency in insulin production. Considering the systemic toxicity and limited efficacy associated with current antidiabetic medications, there is the utmost need for natural, plant-based alternatives. Herbal medicines have experienced exponential growth in popularity globally in recent years for their natural origins and minimal side effects. Ecuador has a rich cultural history in ethnobotany that plays a crucial role in its people's lives. This study identifies 27 Ecuadorian medicinal plants that are traditionally used for diabetes treatment and are prepared through infusion, decoction, or juice, or are ingested in their raw forms. Among them, 22 plants have demonstrated hypoglycemic or anti-hyperglycemic properties that are rich with bioactive phytochemicals, which was confirmed in several in vitro and in vivo studies. However, Bryophyllum gastonis-bonnieri, Costus villosissimus, Juglans neotropica, Pithecellobium excelsum, and Myroxylon peruiferum, which were extensively used in traditional medicine preparation in Ecuador for many decades to treat diabetes, are lacking in pharmacological elucidation. The Ecuadorian medicinal plants used to treat diabetes have been found to have several bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolics, fatty acids, aldehydes, and terpenoids that are mainly responsible for reducing blood sugar levels and oxidative stress, regulating intestinal function, improving insulin resistance, inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase, lowering gluconeogenic enzymes, stimulating glucose uptake mechanisms, and playing an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism. However, there is a substantial lack of integrated approaches between the existing ethnomedicinal practices and pharmacological research. Therefore, this review aims to discuss and explore the traditional medicinal plants used in Ecuador for treating DM and their bioactive phytochemicals, which are mainly responsible for their antidiabetic properties. We believe that the use of Ecuadorian herbal medicine in a scientifically sound way can substantially benefit the local economy and industries seeking natural products.

The Benson Relaxation Technique The Effect Of The Benson Relaxation Technique On Sugar Blood Levels Blood In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients At Tangerang District Hospital

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) caused by abnormalities in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. A nonpharmacological therapy that can be used as a companion to pharmacological therapy is Benson's relaxation technique. Benson's relaxation technique produces a relaxed state so that it can suppress hormones that cause blood sugar levels to rise such as epinephrine, cortisol, glucagon, ACTH corticosteroids, and thyroid. Objective: This study was to determine the effect of Benson's relaxation technique on blood sugar levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Method: The research design used experimental queasy, with one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling with a total sample of 28 respondents conducted from April 13 to April 29, 2023, in the inpatient room of the Tangerang Regency Regional General Hospital. Then the data of this study was analyzed using paired t-tests. Results: Average GDS value before intervention 306.25 mg/dl and after intervention 276.57 mg/dl with p-value = 0.000 (&lt;0.05). Conclusion: In this study, there was an effect of Benson's relaxation technique on reducing blood sugar levels in Diabetes Mellitus patients.