Reduce Formaldehyde Levels Research Articles

Soaking Water Of Pineapple Peel (Ananas comocus L. Merr) Solution On Reducing Formaldehyde Levels In Salted Fish

ABSTRACT Formaldehyde in salted fish processing is used to extend the shelf life of salted fish, potentially causing harmful effects on health. Before processing, such as soaking using pineapple peels can be done to reduce formaldehyde levels so that it is not harmful to health. The purpose of the study was to determine the decrease in formaldehyde levels in salted fish before and after soaking using a pineapple peel solution. This research is a pre-experimental study with a group Pretest and Posttest Design. The object of research is salted fish soaked in pineapple peel solution concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% with 4 replications. Soaking time is done for 60 minutes. The method of checking formaldehyde levels using the spectrophotometer method. The data that has been obtained is then analyzed using a paired t-test. The results of the examination of formaldehyde levels of salted fish before soaking amounted to 13.30 mg/kg. In contrast, after soaking the pineapple peel solution concentration of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% respectively amounted to 6.58 mg/kg, 4.16 mg/kg, 0.15 mg/kg, and 0.11 mg/kg, and tap water of 8.14 mg/kg. The Paired t-test obtained the P < α (0.05), meaning there is a significant difference in decline. The highest formaldehyde content reduction of 99.14% occurred in the treatment of soaking in pineapple peel solution with a concentration of 80% with a soaking time of 60 minutes. There is a significant difference between formaldehyde levels in salted fish before and after soaking using a pineapple peel solution. The use of pineapple peel solution can be an alternative effort in reducing formaldehyde levels in salted fish before processing for consumption and using other fruit peels with different concentration variations and different soaking times in salted fish.

Can indoor plants reduce formaldehyde levels in the anatomy dissection hall? A study to evaluate the practicality of using plants in reducing formaldehyde levels

Background Formaldehyde a commonly used embalming fluid for the preservation of cadavers, produces numerous short and long-term side effects on the students and staff working with it. Indoor plants have been shown to reduce atmospheric formaldehyde levels. The purpose of the study was to compare the efficacy of indoor plants in reducing formaldehyde levels in ambient air to levels deemed safe by WHO standards Methods The study was conducted in the storage room of the Anatomical dissection hall. 7 potted plants of one variety were kept in the storage room for 14 days and the Formaldehyde reading was measured using a VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) monitor. Then the same was done with no plant. This cycle was repeated 2 more times, with two different plant species. The three spieces of plants used for this study were as follows: Dracaena trifasciata, Epipremnum aureum, Spathiphyllum. Results The results were analysed and compared and it was determined that the effect of having a plant present versus having no plant present on the Formaldehyde concentration in the air was inconclusive as Dracaena trifasciata failed to reject the null hypothesis altogether (p-value>0.05), while Epipremnum aureum and Spathiphyllum rejected the null hypothesis (p-value<0.05), however they both had a weak positive correlation with formaldehyde concentration. Conclusion The efficacy of indoor plants in reducing formaldehyde levels in ambient air needs to be further explored and validated since all the prior studies conducted were in controlled environment and should be done in a real time scenario for its practical and beneficial uses.

Effectiveness of Cadaver Tables with Local Exhaust Ventilation in Reducing Formaldehyde Levels

Formaldehyde, which is exposure in the workplace, is very dangerous for health, especially for students, staff and lecturers in the anatomy laboratory room. Cadaver tables with local exhaust ventilation (LEV) in previous studies were used to reduce formaldehyde levels in the anatomy room. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a cadaver table with local exhaust ventilation to reduce formaldehyde exposure. Using a pre-post study, this study showed that a cadaver table with local exhaust ventilation can reduce formaldehyde exposure significantly (p<0.001) with a confidence interval of 2.715–2.186. The percentage reduction in formaldehyde levels at each measurement point was 31% - 89% (min-max). This showed that the cadaver table with LEV was effective in reducing formaldehyde levels.

Formaldehyde Reduction in an Operating Room Setting: Comparison of a Catalytic Surgical Vacuum Device With a Traditional Smoke Evacuator.

Introduction Electrosurgery exposes healthcare workers to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including formaldehyde. Adopting electrosurgical devices that catalytically transform formaldehyde to benign substances has the potential to improve safety in surgical settings. Materials and methods We compared the efficiency of formaldehyde removal of two medical devices.The first was a novel surgical vacuum (SV) device containing ultra-low particulate air (ULPA) filtration, activated carbon and catalytic transition metal oxide.The second was a commonly utilized handpiece evacuator (HE) that contained only mechanical filtration and activated carbon granules. Both devices were exposed to formalin vapor. Results The time weighted average (TWA), median and peak concentrations of detected formaldehyde at the outflow of the SV unit were 90% lower than the corresponding values detected at the outflow of the HE device (p = 0.0034). When catalytic material was added to the HE device, the detected formaldehyde concentration at the outflow was reduced by 55%(p = 2.9 x 10-15). Conclusions The catalytic SV device has the potential to considerably reduce formaldehyde levels in operating room (OR) environments.

Down‐Draft Tables Effectively Reduce Formaldehyde Levels in Anatomical Dissection Laboratories

Cadaver dissections are an essential anatomical teaching tool in health sciences. However, these dissection courses increase staff and students to formaldehyde exposure. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) previously set standards designed to protect individuals from excess formaldehyde and individuals working in the laboratories were protected through ventilation. However, older buildings that host cadaveric dissections may not provide the ventilation necessary to adequately keep formaldehyde levels below a safe threshold. Constructing or renovating a building's ventilation system is expensive. The estimated cost to retrofit the ventilation system in the University of Utah's anatomy lab was three million dollars. This study sought to determine a cost‐effective solution to reduce formaldehyde exposure; thereby creating a safe environment for laboratory occupants. Using formaldehyde‐monitoring badges strategically placed above each cadaver and on each dissector, dissections were conducted for 200‐230‐minute intervals. The badges were analyzed and showed formaldehyde Permissible Exposure Levels (PELs) were above OSHA limits (0.34‐1.91ppm). Dissection gurneys were then fitted with paired side vents measuring 64 x 4 x 4 inches. These vents were attached to the Python Portable Floor Sentry‐Fume Extractor (Model #SS‐450‐PYT; Sentry Air Systems) measuring 19.5 x 22.5 x 20 inches, which directed air surrounding the embalmed body through the formaldehyde filtration system. Following the installation of down‐draft tables, and using the same experimental method, data from eight new badges were analyzed. These samples resulted in PEL levels between 0.06‐0.13 ppm, well below the OSHA limit. With the use of down‐draft tables, formaldehyde PEL levels were reduced by an average of 0.63ppm; a statistically significant decrease (T‐test of 0.036). The cost to retrofit 10 gurneys into down‐draft tables was approximately 55,000 dollars, saving the University more than 2.9 million. This study suggests the use of modified down‐draft tables provide an affordable and safe environment for anatomy dissection personnel, as well as a cost‐ and time‐effective alternative to retrofitting ventilation in facilities not specifically designed for dissection.

Effect of Aloe vera extract for reducing formaldehyde level in tuna fish for halal and thoyyib food

This study aims to determine the effect of Aloe vera extract in reducing formaldehyde levels in tuna processed into "pindang" after being given Aloe vera extract. This type of research is experimental. The population in this study was boiled fish sold in the Sawotratap Market. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Chemistry at the University of Muhammadiyah. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance at a significant level α = 0.05 followed by the Duncan test. The average formaldehyde concentration before being given Aloe vera extract at a concentration of 0% is equal to 23.7 mg / L, and the lowest formalin content in boiled fish with 100% treatment is equal to 5.6 mg / L. Aloe vera extract showed a significant decrease in formaldehyde levels in boiled fish (p <0.05). It can be concluded that the administration of Aloe vera extract is effective in reducing formaldehyde levels.

Safety and Efficacy of 630-nm Red Light on Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Study.

Introduction: Studies have shown that excess formaldehyde accumulation in the brain accelerates cognitive decline in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, reports from our research team revealed that red light treatment (RLT) improved memory in AD mice by activating formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) and thus reducing formaldehyde levels. Here, we developed a medical RLT device to investigate the safety and efficacy of this device in older adults with mild to moderate AD.Methods: This will be a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that will include 60 participants who will be recruited and randomly divided into an RLT group and a control group. The RLT group will receive RLT intervention 5 days a week for 30 min each time for 24 weeks while the control group will continue their routine treatments without RLT. All participants will undergo neuropsychological and functional assessments including the Mini-Mental State Examination, the AD assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Barthel Index at baseline, 12 weeks and 24 weeks. All participants will undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning and blood/urine biomarkers tests at baseline and 24 weeks. The primary outcome will be the ADAS-cog score while the secondary outcomes will be the GDS and NPI scores. Adverse events will be recorded and treated when necessary. Both an intention-to-treat analysis and a per-protocol analysis will be performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of RLT.Discussion: This protocol outlines the objectives of the study and explained the RLT device developed by the research team. The study is designed as an RCT to evaluate the safety and effects of the RLT device on older adults with mild to moderate AD. This study will provide evidence for the clinical use of RLT on treatment for AD.Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR1800020163; Pre-results.

Bahaya Penggunaan Formalin Sebagai Pengawet Bahan Makanan

Fishery products are one of the products that have very limited durability and perishable so that the community, especially fishermen, preserve the product so that its freshness can last longer. One of the preservatives used is formalin, although it is very dangerous to human health. Some food products that contain formalin include: fresh fish, salted fish, tofu, wet noodles. Counseling on food safety needs to be continued widely to the public in various forms. This activity aims to educate and train partner groups on: 1) the dangers of formaldehyde on health; 2) characteristics of formalin food ingredients; 3) how to detect formalin foods; 4) eliminate / reduce formaldehyde levels in food products; 5) safe preservatives. The activities was carried out on February 7, 2019, in Desa Untia, Kecamatan Biringkanaya, Kota Makassar. The target group is fishermen and fisheries processors, as many as 23 people. The method used in service is counseling and training methods through lectures, discussions, and practice/training. The extension activity was attended by Untia village chiefs, local fisheries instructors, administrators of the All-Indonesian Fishermen Association (HNSI) and the target group. The activities went on smoothly and the target group enthusiastically attended counseling and training, because the knowledge/skills were needed to protect their families from the dangers of disease that could be caused by inappropriate use of formalin.

Effect ofAloe veraExtract in Reducing Formaldehyde in Salted Squid (Loligo indica)and Sensory Evaluation

This study aims to determine the effect ofAloe veraextract in reducing formaldehyde levels in salted squid and determine the organoleptic characteristics of salted squid after being givenAloe veraextract. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications: P0 (0%Aloe veraextract), P1 (10%Aloe veraextract), P2 (20%Aloe veraextract), and P3 (30%Aloe veraextract). Data were analyzed by using an analysis of variants at a significant level α = 0.05 followed by Duncan's Test. The average formalin content before given aloe vera extract in P0, P1, P2, P3 was 3.65 mg / L, 4.08 mg / L, 4.09 mg / L, 3.96 mg/ L, respectively and after being given aloe vera extract was 2.75 mg/L, 2.58 mg / L, 1.63 mg / L, 2.82 mg / L, respectively. Administration ofAloe veraextract showed a significant reduction of formaldehyde levels in salted squid (p<0.05). Moreover, it was affecting the quality of salted squid in terms of color, aroma, and texture. It can be concluded that the administration of 20%Aloe veraextracts effective for reducing the formaldehyde levels, improve the quality of color, aroma, and texture in salted squid.

Effectiveness of Aloe vera in Reducing Formaldehyde Levels on Indian Mackerel Fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta) During Cold Temperature Storage

Aims: This research is aimed to know the impact of Aloe Vera to formaldehyde levels. Specifically, to know how Aloe Vera could reduce the formaldehyde levels on Indian mackerel fish during cold temperature storage.
 Place and Duration of Study: Fisheries Product Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, and Central Laboratory, Padjadjaran University between March until April 2019.
 Methodology: This research used descriptively compared method with five different Aloe vera treatment concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%). Parameters of observations such as formaldehyde levels, pH and organoleptic characteristics (fresh fish, formalin fish and after soaked with Aloe vera) descriptively compared with the literature.
 Results: The results of the research show that Aloe vera could reduce the formaldehyde levels on Indian Mackerel, and the higher concentreation of Aloe vera used and the longer of storage period, the more reduced formaldehyde levels. The reduction caused by presence of saponins in Aloe vera. Saponins was effective in binding formaldehyde particles so that formaldehyde can dissolve with water. The highest percentage of fomaldehyde reduction was on the concentration of 40% Aloe vera solution, with a decrease percentage was 63.47% - 74.48% and the lowest percentage decrease in formalin levels found in the solution concentration Aloe vera 10%, with a decrease percentage was 50.14% - 68.22%. pH value of all treatment at the beggining was close to acidic (range 6.30 – 6.47), caused by Aloe vera gel and formalin which were both acidic. The pH value of all treatment after 10th observations days was still in the range of the pH value of fresh fish, which is 6.77 - 7.03. The increased pH value during cold temperature storage caused by fish undergoing a chemical process in the form of protein overhaul and the formation of alkaline compounds. The organoleptic parameters showed there is a difference between the characteristics of fresh fish, fish in formalin and after the fish soaked on Aloe vera solution. The fresh fish had average value of 7.00 – 8.33 based on the score sheet, which indicates Indian Mackerel was fresh before the treatment. After soaked in formalin, the appearance has changed to be not bright, formaldehyde can be smelled, texture changed slightly hard, and the eye became gloom and murky white. After soaked with Aloe vera, the appearance became a little bright and shiny, could be smelled aroma of Aloe vera, texture became dense, and loss of cloudy corneas. 
 Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that by increasing Aloe vera solution until 40%, will also increased the reduction of formaldehyde levels on Indian mackerel fish during cold storage until 10th day. At a concentration of 40% Aloe vera solution, it can reduce the highest formaldehyde levels with a range of percentage decreases in formalin levels by 63.47% - 74.48%, so that aloe vera could effectively reduce formalin levels in Indian mackerel during cold temperature storage.

Efektivitas Daun Singkong (Manihot esculenta) Var. Malang 1 Sebagai Pereduksi Kadar Formalin Pada Udang Putih (Pennaeus vannamei)

Miscarriage of formalin used as preservative agent for highly perishable commodity was remained problem. Among the fishermen and fish seller tend to use this compound to prolong the commodity to avoid decay. Moreover, great protein for human health is common come from fisheries product. Saponin compound could reduce formaldehyde levels in white shrimp. Cassava leaf var. Malang 1 which abandoned in Malang contains saponin compounds 3,8% w/w. This research used white shrimp which are soaked in formalin solution and then soaked in cassava leaf extract. The experimental design was used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2x4 factorials. The experiment used two factors, there are concentration of cassava leaf extract (3%, 6% and 9%) which 0% as control and soaked time (0, 15, 30 and 60 minutes) store in room temperature. The main focus parameter used formaldehyde test by applied formalin test kit. The result showed that by soaked by using cassava leaf extract could reduce began at 0 minutes and more extremely great reducer in 60 minutes in 3% consentration of cassava leaf extract.Â

Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde exposure and risk characterization in California early childhood education environments.

Little information is available about air quality in early childhood education (ECE) facilities. We collected single-day air samples in 2010-2011 from 40 ECE facilities serving children ≤6years old in California and applied new methods to evaluate cancer risk in young children. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were detected in 100% of samples. The median (max) indoor formaldehyde and acetaldehyde levels (μg/m3 ) were 17.8 (48.8) and 7.5 (23.3), respectively, and were comparable to other California schools and homes. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations were inversely associated with air exchange rates (Pearson r=-0.54 and -0.63, respectively; P<0.001). The buildings and furnishings were generally >5years old, suggesting other indoor sources. Formaldehyde levels exceeded California 8-h and chronic Reference Exposure Levels (both 9μg/m3 ) for non-cancer effects in 87.5% of facilities. Acetaldehyde levels exceeded the U.S. EPA Reference Concentration in 30% of facilities. If reflective of long-term averages, estimated exposures would exceed age-adjusted 'safe harbor levels' based on California's Proposition 65 guidelines (10-5 lifetime cancer risk). Additional research is needed to identify sources of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde and strategies to reduce indoor air levels. The impact of recent California and proposed U.S. EPA regulations to reduce formaldehyde levels in future construction should be assessed.

Perbandingan Penurunan Kadar Formalin pada Tahu yang Direbus dan Direndam Air Panas

Tofu is a food with high protein content and the moisture content reaches 85%, so that it knows can not last long. Manufacturers know still use formaldehyde as a preservative. Handling to reduce formaldehyde levels in the know are soaked in hot water and boiled in boiling water. The purpose of this study was to determine the ratio decreased levels of formaldehyde in the know are boiled and soaked in hot water out. This type of research is True Experiment with posttest study design Only Control Group Design. The population in this study is tofu containing formalin. Then examined by spectrophotometry of formaldehyde levels in most groups as a pretest sample, others are given treatment and formalin levels checked by spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results of this study the average levels of formaldehyde in the know before the treatment is 68.668 ppm. Decreased levels of formaldehyde in formalin know after boiling for 10 minutes was 64.77%. Decreased levels of formaldehyde in formalin know with the treatment of immersion in hot water for 10 minutes is 33.1%. Based on statistical tests that have been conducted, it was found a significant difference between the reduced levels of formaldehyde in formalin boiled out and the know formalin soaked in hot water with sig. 0,000. Boiling know formalin reduce levels of formaldehyde greater than soaking out in hot water.

Formaldehyde exposure in gross anatomy laboratory of Suranaree University of Technology: a comparison of area and personal sampling.

Cadavers are usually preserved by embalming solution which is composed of formaldehyde (FA), phenol, and glycerol. Therefore, medical students and instructors have a higher risk of exposure to FA inhalation from cadavers during dissection. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the FA exposure in indoor air and breathing zone of medical students and instructors during dissection classes in order to investigate the relationship between them. The indoor air and personal air samples in breathing zone were collected three times during anatomy dissection classes (in January, August, and October of 2014) with sorbent tubes, which were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The air cleaner machines were determined by weight measurement. Pulmonary function tests and irritation effects were also investigated. The mean of FA concentrations ranged from 0.117 to 0.415 ppm in the indoor air and from 0.126 to 1.176 ppm in the breathing zone of students and instructors. All the personal exposure data obtained exceeded the threshold limit of NIOSH and WHO agencies. The air cleaner machines were not significant difference. The pulmonary function of instructors showed a decrease during attention of classes and statistically significant decreasing in the instructors more than those of the students. Clinical symptoms that were observed in nose and eyes were irritations with general fatigue. We suggested that the modified exhaust ventilation and a locally ventilated dissection work table were considered for reducing FA levels in the gross anatomy dissection room.

The Effect of Clothing Care Activities on Textile Formaldehyde Content

Textiles are commonly treated with formaldehyde-based residues that may potentially induce allergic contact dermatitis in sensitive individuals. This study examined the initial formaldehyde content in clothing and resulting changes due to care activities. Twenty clothing articles were examined and 17 of them did not have detectable levels of formaldehyde. One shirt contained a formaldehyde concentration of 3172 ppm, and two pairs of pants had formaldehyde concentrations of 1391 ppm and 86 ppm. The two highest results represent formaldehyde levels that are up to 40-fold greater than international textile regulations. The two items with the greatest formaldehyde content were washed and dried in a manner similar to that used by consumers, including hand and machine washing in hot or cold water followed by air or machine drying. The washing and drying procedures reduced formaldehyde levels to between 26 and 72% of untreated controls. Differences in the temperature or type of washing and drying did not result in a clear trend in the subsequent formaldehyde content. In addition, samples were hot ironed, which did not affect the formaldehyde content as significantly. Understanding the formaldehyde content in clothing and its potential reduction through care activities may be useful for manufacturers and formaldehyde-sensitive individuals.

Formaldeído em escolas: uma revisão

Formaldehyde has been classified as a probable human carcinogen. Indoor air quality measurements carried out worldwide in schools indicate that levels may be of concern. This paper provides an overview of emission sources, properties and methods for quantification of formaldehyde. Quantitative information from studies performed in school environments was compiled and a comprehensive picture of the causal relationships between pollutant exposures and children's health given. Mitigation actions to reduce formaldehyde levels and its adverse impacts in school buildings are recommended.

Real-time Monitoring of Formaldehyde Concentrations in the Built Environment

Background and Aims: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a major concern in indoor air quality investigations and formaldehyde, in particular, is the subject of considerable environmental health and monitoring research[1,2, 3]. New regulatory standards are focused on reducing formaldehyde levels in both residential settings and building materials manufacturing. In order to develop new tools to meet lower national thresholds [4], there is need for research on the design, implementation and testing of a wireless formaldehyde monitoring systems. The objectives of this research are to 1) compare the performance of commercially available sensors within the network architecture, 2) identify fine scale spatio-temporal patterns in formaldehyde emissions, and 3) provide improved information integration models for the assessment of environmental and personal exposure events. Methods: (Arial, 8pt, bold) The formaldehyde monitoring system consists of wireless sensor nodes, a base station, a Sensor Observation Service (SOS), a database system, and a web-based user interface. Sensor nodes collect data and then pass it to the Sensor Observation Service (SOS) that provides a web-based user interface to enable users to view the latest sensor readings and historical analysis results. Results: (Arial, 8pt, bold) Although the full results of this prototype system will not be available until current testing is completed this spring, anticipated issues this research will be able to address include: efficient and effective wireless communication configurations, comparison of data storage and processing methods, representation of conceptual model that can adequately capture both personal exposure and general area exposures, and ensuring effective user interface design. Conclusions: (Arial, 8pt, bold) Applications of this research will benefit manufacturing industry and wood composite researchers as they move towards producing materials with lower formaldehyde emissions as well as the environmental epidemiology community looking for new tools and methods for collecting and analyzing the longitudinal impact of formaldehyde exposure at lower levels.

Stabilization by meglumine of an amine compound degraded by formaldehyde in tablets

[3-[(2R)-[[(2R)-(3-Chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]proryl]-1 H-indol-7-yloxy]acetic acid (AJ-9677), which was being developed as an antidiabetic, was observed to degrade in tablet preparations. The main degradation product in tablets, AD-9889, was a carbon adduct of the drug substance. When the drug substance was exposed to formaldehyde in aqueous solutions, a correlation was found between the level of formaldehyde and the quantity of AD-9889 formed during storage. Comprehensive one- and two-dimensional NMR analysis of the reaction product identified the location of the carbon atom which originated from formaldehyde, thus proving that AD-9889 was produced by a reaction with formaldehyde. Since it was demonstrated in our previous report that meglumine is an amine that can react with, and reduce amounts of formaldehyde, its stabilizing effect on AJ-9677 was examined. The results showed that in a solution system containing AJ-9677, formaldehyde and meglumine, meglumine reduced formaldehyde levels and suppressed degradation. Addition of meglumine into the tablet formulation of AJ-9677 was also effective in suppressing degradation and successfully stabilized the drug substance. This effect was almost certainly due to meglumine absorbing formaldehyde from around the drug substance and we believe that meglumine can be used with many other drug substances degraded by formaldehyde.

Methods to reduce formaldehyde levels of cadavers

Methods to reduce formaldehyde levels of cadavers

Generation of Formaldehyde by Pharmaceutical Excipients and Its Absorption by Meglumine

Formaldehyde is a well-known air impurity. The possibility was investigated in this study that pharmaceutical excipients commonly used in oral solid dosage forms might also be sources of formaldehyde. The results showed that formaldehyde is generated by the excipients lactose, D-mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, magnesium stearate and light anhydrous silicic acid. Since the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products can be significantly affected by the presence of formaldehyde, various amines were then investigated for their ability to decrease levels of formaldehyde using an aqueous solution system. Of the four amines investigated, only meglumine proved capable of reducing formaldehyde levels. The reaction product between formaldehyde and meglumine was obtained by fractionation using the preparative HPLC system and the structure was clarified by (1)H-, (13)C-NMR, various types of two-dimensional NMR and mass spectroscopy. The reaction product was determined to be a compound with a 1,3-oxazinane skeleton and containing one more carbon than meglumine. It was presumed that formaldehyde reacted with the secondary amino group in meglumine to form the reaction product via an iminium salt intermediate by cyclization. As meglumine is permitted to be used as a pharmaceutical excipient in both oral and parenteral dosage forms by regulations worldwide, the addition of meglumine to pharmaceutical products can be expected to contribute to the stabilization of many drug substances.