Reduce Accident Risks Research Articles

Prioritization of Personal Protective Equipment Plans for Construction Projects Based on an Integrated Analytic Network Process and Fuzzy VIKOR Method

The risk of both fatal accidents and non-fatal injuries in the construction industry is significantly high in most countries. To reduce this construction safety risk, the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is one of the major measures on the jobsite. In this research, in order to comprehensively assess the PPE plans, a three-phase framework was proposed to identify the optimal solution for PPE planning from a set of alternatives. As a result, four main criteria and fifteen sub-criteria were identified based on a systematic literature review, and a decision-making model integrating the analytic network process (ANP) and VIekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje was developed. As the assessment information in the survey was incomplete and vague, the fuzzy sets theory was adopted to transform the linguistic terms into fuzzy numbers for evaluation. The model further calculated the weight of each criterion and prioritized the potential PPE plan alternatives. Finally, the presented model was implemented in a case study to verify its feasibility and applicability for practical construction management. The proposed method enables the selection of the most compromising solution as the optimal PPE plan. This research assists decision-makers and safety planners at construction workplaces to improve the overall safety performance and reduce accident risks, which significantly contributes to construction safety management and practice.

Driving Behavior of Online Ojek X towards Safety Driving in Anggana Sub-district

Abstract Traffic accidents in East Kalimantan, particularly in Anggana District, pose a serious issue. As of October 2023, there have been over 20 cases of minor to moderate accidents involving online motorcycle taxi drivers, often due to the negligence of other road users. This study employs a qualitative method with a case study design, involving 9 informants. Results indicate that the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) by Ojek Online X is rated positively by passengers. Drivers who are healthy and well-rested are motivated by attractive earnings and flexible schedules. Ojek Online X prioritizes quality service through vehicle maintenance to reduce accident risks. A safe working environment is crucial for maintaining a positive public image. In conclusion, good PPE usage, adequate rest, and financial motivation contribute to safety and work quality. These findings can serve as a reference for other online motorcycle taxi drivers in implementing Safety Riding principles.

Повышение мотивации сотрудников производственных объектов нефтегазовой отрасли в области промышленной безопасности и охраны труда

The study considers problems of motivation for compliance with industrial and occupational safety requirements by employees engaged in production facilities and the necessity of motivation to achieve the required protection level. A set of measures implemented at enterprises to ensure industrial and occupational safety has been outlined; special attention has been paid to the need for diagnostics of the psycho-physical state of employees, their training, and motivation methods (external and internal). Most respondents have shown their interest in improving their knowledge to reduce accident risks at production. They believe that safety can be increased via the use of reminders at each stage of work. The study helped to identify the basic causes of low motivation for compliance with industrial and occupational safety rules and determine approaches to resolving the issue. The factors affecting low motivation and the degree of involvement in the process are insufficient attention to safety issues from the top management, insufficient involvement in the decision-making to improve safety, lack of material incentives for compliance with safety rules, and lack of opportunities for professional development. Criteria enabling the establishment of safe activity motivation principles have been identified, and certain measures to improve motivation have been proposed. The respondents have listed the following methods to increase the motivation of employees of oil and gas production facilities in the area of industrial safety: practice-oriented training with visual aids and case studies, the use of both material and moral components of positive encouragement to reinforce safe behavior, re-evaluation of safety programs based on employees’ feedback, results of monthly surveys and studies, and video recording of the work process.

METHODS OF TRANSPORT MODELLING AS RESEARCH TOOLS IN CREATING TRAFFIC SAFETY MODELS IN URBAN AREAS

In a modern city with heavy traffic and increasing complexity of transportation systems, the issue of traffic planning to minimize the number of road accidents becomes particularly acute. Transport modelling is one of the tools used in the research and development of traffic models in urban areas. By using transport modelling, it is possible to identify potential hazards and evaluate the effectiveness of proposed safety measures that reduce accident risks and improve traffic safety in urban planning. Existing transport modelling methods, including microscopic, mesoscopic, macroscopic, dynamic, and static, have been examined. An analysis of the main characteristics of each method was conducted, along with the software that supports their implementation, evaluating the advantages and limitations of each method as research tools in creating traffic safety models in urban areas. As a result of the study, the simulation micromodelling method was proposed for assessing safety levels when analyzing existing solutions or during the design phase of new elements of the street and road network in cities. Key factors have been identified that justify the use of micromodelling when forming a traffic safety model. Based on the research, it was found that for assessing the safety level of existing solutions for street and road network elements and during the development of a traffic safety model in urban areas, the simulation micromodelling method is the most appropriate. At the same time, applying a set of measures to adapt the chosen implementation of this method to a specific type of street and road network element significantly improves the accuracy of traffic safety assessment results in cities.

Analisis Jumlah Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas, Korban, dan kerugian di Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2021 Dengan Metode K-Means Cluster

Abstract: Provinsi Lampung is facing a serious challenge regarding the high rate of traffic accidents, triggered by the increasing number of vehicles and inadequate infrastructure. Low awareness of traffic regulations also serves as a major cause of accidents. This research employs the Cluster Analysis method within the Geographic Information System (GIS) to categorize traffic accident data in Lampung Province for the year 2021. The data encompasses the number of accidents, fatalities, serious injuries, minor injuries, and financial losses across 14 districts/cities. The cluster analysis results identify two main groups with distinct characteristics. The first cluster exhibits a low accident rate, while the second cluster shows a high accident rate, contributing significantly to the total number of accidents, fatalities, serious injuries, minor injuries, and financial losses. Recommendations for interventions are tailored to the characteristics of each cluster, emphasizing either fatal injury prevention or road infrastructure improvements. The findings of this research provide a foundation for designing more effective strategies to reduce accident risks and enhance traffic safety in Lampung Province Keywords: K-means, Accidents, Lampung Province

Identifying the effects of driving parameters on stopping distance to reduce accident risks

The object of the research is the most important factors causing road accidents. This paper aimed to study the effects of this factors and their interactions on the stopping distance function. Understanding this function through simulation and comparing the results with mathematical models and experimental tests will help to reduce the number of road accidents. A large part of road accidents is linked to non-compliance with regulatory speed associated with vehicle braking system (grip, road and tires) and weather conditions. A speed measurement campaign on peri-urban roads was carried out to study driving behavior and compliance with speed limits in several Algerian cities. An experimental modelling of speed, anti-lock system, weather, grip and their interaction effects on the stopping distance of a vehicle using the experimental design method, combined with driving simulator tests was been conducted. The developments of experimental design with speed variation ranges (70 and 130 km/h) were necessary to study the influence of the various driving parameters on stopping distance. The mathematical model developed has been validated by the results obtained on the simulator. The experimental design method and simulator results were used to identify and define the important parameters that influence the braking distance. The results show that the stopping distance (SD) is mainly influenced by the vehicle speed (S), the weather conditions (M), and their interaction. The increase due to speed leads to an increase in the stopping distance with an estimated effect of 54.30 m. When the speed varies between its lower experimental level (70 km/h) and its higher level (130 km/h), it is estimated that the stopping distance will increase by 54.30 m. The analysis of the road speed measurement campaign, 55 % of road users do not obey the speed limits. The results obtained in this study can be applied to other countries, only the parameters need to be adjusted.

Optimizing safety performance through risk-based modeling in Nigeria’s oil and gas sector

The Nigerian oil and gas sector is fraught with safety challenges that undermine operational integrity and worker welfare. Addressing these issues requires a nuanced risk-based intervention and modeling approach to improve safety performance. This study investigated the safety challenges in Nigeria's oil and gas sector, focusing on identifying and addressing hazards to enhance operational integrity and worker welfare. A semi-quantitative approach was used to develop a comprehensive hazard checklist, aligned with ISO standards and expert insights. Data on hazard likelihood and severity were gathered through questionnaires distributed among a diverse group of industry experts, workers, and stakeholders. The analysis highlighted key risks like inadequate infrastructure, valve and seal failures, security concerns, and oil spill risks, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to promote a safer working environment and reduce accident risks.

Vulnerability assessment of hydrogen stations based on cloud center of gravity theory

Conducting a vulnerability assessment of hydrogen stations is beneficial for a more comprehensive understanding of safety risks, timely identification of weak links in hydrogen stations to reduce accident risks. This paper proposes a vulnerability assessment method for hydrogen stations in industrial parks based on the improved combination ordered weighted averaging (COWA) operator and ordinal relationship method (G1) and cloud gravity center theory. The vulnerability assessment index system for hydrogen stations considers the vulnerability of personnel, facilities, materials, environment, and emergency response capabilities. The Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (PFDEMATEL) method is used to determine the centrality of the evaluation index, and the comprehensive weight is determined by combining the COWA operator and the G1 method. The cloud gravity center is utilized to determine the vulnerability assessment level by calculating the weighted similarity. A hydrogen station is used as an example to verify the applicability and objectivity of the method. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method has high efficiency and is suitable for vulnerability evaluations. The research findings can provide a theoretical reference and decision-making basis for improving safety management and emergency response of hydrogen stations.

Risk Assessment Model and Sensitivity Analysis of Ordinary Arterial Highways Based on RSR–CRITIC–LVSSM–EFAST

In this paper, in order to evaluate the traffic safety status of ordinary arterial highways, identify the sources of safety risks, and formulate safety development countermeasures for arterial highways to reduce accident risks, a combination method involving rank-sum ratio (RSR), criteria importance though intercriteria correlation (CRITIC), and least squares support vector machine (LVSSM) is adopted. The traffic safety risk index system and risk assessment model of ordinary arterial highways with two dimensions of risk severity and accident severity are established. Based on the global sensitivity analysis of the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (EFAST), the resulting risk assessment model for ordinary arterial highways is proposed. Combined with the current traffic safety situation of ordinary arterial highways in Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, China, data collection and analyses were carried out from the perspectives of traffic operation status, personnel facilities management, road environment characteristics, and accident occurrence patterns. The results show that the risk level of ordinary arterial highways can be obviously divided into warning areas, control areas, and prompt areas. The proportion of roads through villages and the number of deceleration facilities belong to the highly sensitive indicators of the S107 safety risk, which need to be emphatically investigated. This analysis method based is on the RCLE (RSR-CRITIC-LVSSM-EFAST) risk assessment model and has high operability and adaptability. It can be adaptively divided according to the requirements of risk-level differentiation, and the road risk classification can be displayed more intuitively, which is conducive to formulating targeted improvement measures for arterial highway safety and ensuring the safe and orderly operation of arterial highway traffic.

Methodology for assessing the risk of incidents during passenger road transportation using the functional resonance analysis method

Safety of passenger road transportation (PRT) is a global problem considered by scientists. The present study is aimed at PRT safety improvement by developing its advanced model with accident risk minimization. Functional Resonance Analysis Method is used to identify factors influencing PRT safety. Accident risk assessment of the combined action of several factors in PRT is based on a phenomenological model. Possible good and bad PRT scenarios were considered differing in the staff professional experience, work shift duration, speed, vehicle service lifetime, and driver's stress load. Method for quantitative assessment of five main functions in PRT with their variability caused by parameters changes was designed. The proposed criteria were used to assess the parameter's deviations from their normative values and determine the major characteristics of each function. The recommendations for monitoring the driver's psychophysiological state at all transportation stages were developed and the relationship of transportation functions characteristics and criteria affecting passenger safety was established. This methodology enables assessing the PRT reliability level at a certain time. The approach allows evaluating the criteria affecting traffic safety, identifying their potential functionally resonant effect for abnormal PRT due to conditional changes; developing mechanisms to reduce accident risks by improving technical and organizational management.

Evaluation of Applicability of 1D-CNN and LSTM to Predict Horizontal Displacement of Retaining Wall According to Excavation Work

During excavation works in downtown, stability and safety considerations of such excavations and constructions are crucial for which continuous wall structures with varying structural components are commonly used. Most of the current models used for this purpose are often complex, where the accepted parameters do not have a clear physical meaning. Moreover, accurate ground movement forecasts are challenging due to nonlinear and inelastic soil behavior. Therefore, this study proposes a method to predict the lateral displacement of the braced wall at each stage of excavation by using all the basic information necessary for braced wall design, including ground information of the excavation site, support methods such as the type of brace, location and stiffness, information about the neighboring buildings, and the results of numerical analysis. One-dimensional convolutional neural network and long short-term memory network are used for estimation and prediction to develop an optimal prediction model based on well-refined but limited data. The applicability of the braced wall was confirmed for safety management by predicting the horizontal displacement of the braced wall for each stage of excavation. The proposed model can be used to predict the stability of the horizontal wall for each excavation step and reduce accident risks, such as collapse of the retaining wall, which may occur during construction.

Autonomous Emergency Brake (AEB) for Pedestrian for ASEAN NCAP Safety Rating Consideration: A Review


 
 
 Road crossings are considered as an unavoidable part of walking in which the desirable route of pedestrians interacts with vehicles. This interaction may expose the pedestrians to risks or delays. Pedestrian- vehicle collisions are regarded as the most serious type of accidents since they incur high fatality rate of nearly 13 percent. This study has been carried out to fulfil two objectives. First, to identify the contributing factors to road crash, and second, to understand the implementation and effectiveness of a preventive device to reduce road crashes involving pedestrians. Collision avoidance and mitigation systems such as the AEB are intended to reduce accident risks by automatically applying the brakes prior to an accident. Understanding the human action, style and behaviour are the key elements in producing the ideal AEB Pedestrian for the future. This study sheds light on the future direction in the area of road safety by considering preventive actions to reduce the occurrence of road crashes, particularly among pedestrians.
 
 

PRUNING OPERATION IN URBAN TREES USING TWO AERIAL WORK PLATFORMS

The need to reduce accident risks and physical effort of workers in urban tree pruning operations promotes a search for technologies with less execution cost. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the operational performance of urban tree pruning with two aerial work platforms conducted in trees under public and private domain in Greater Asunción, Paraguay. The aerial work platforms evaluated were an articulated boom lift and truck mounted boom lift in three working envelopes levels. Work cycle times, operational efficiency, fuel consumption, and operating costs were determined through a time and motion study. Sampling consisted of 78 trees in which the mean values between the working envelope levels were compared by the Tukey test (α = 0.05). The longest consumed work cycle time was in pruning without machine base motion with a mean operational efficiency of 86.2 and 76.8% in the articulated boom lift and truck mounted boom lift, respectively. Fuel consumption increased with working envelope levels, and it was the highest in the truck mounted boom lift, from 7.33 to 9.33 L h -1 of diesel fuel, at USD 18.93 per hour. Therefore, the articulated boom lift and truck mounted boom lift evaluated in urban tree pruning presented different operating costs which increased with the highest range of motion level. The main reason for this was the engine operation intensification and energy expenditures required by the machines’ hydraulic system, especially in the truck mounted boom lift.

Tramways in Urban Areas: An Overview on Safety at Road Intersections

Although the accident number involving trams is comparatively very limited to the total road accident number, the consequences of tram crashes are very serious, especially when pedestrians are run over. The new power supply technologies (e.g. catenary-free systems) allow to build tram networks, even in old town centres and pedestrian areas, with additional increased risk of pedestrian casualties. This will require specific design solutions and traffic regulations for road safety as described in this paper, with particular regard to vulnerable users (i.e. pedestrians and cyclists), especially near intersections and pedestrian crossings. Therefore, the research analyses the road accident rate and its evolution in the last 10 years with specific focus on Italian tramways. The main risk conditions and the strategies used worldwide to improve the safety of tramway system in the urban context are described. The main countermeasures to reduce accident risks are aimed at better warning road users of specific risk conditions. Other countermeasures are designed to install suitable facilities on road platforms for better informing users of tramway system, for limiting or temporarily prohibiting turning movements or manoeuvrings and for properly channelling pedestrian and vehicle flows with the purpose to avoid or reduce interference with trams.

Economic Analysis of Serious Accident Law in China

Abstract In recent years, serious accidents in China caused by negligence have resulted in tremendous damage to both human life and property. Taking a cost-utility analysis, law and economics considers that accident law can induce injurers to internalize the costs of harm through liability rules such as victim compensation and criminal imprisonment. Consequently, the injurers are motivated to avoid or reduce accident risks at a more effective level. This article applies the approach of law and economics into the analysis of serious accident laws in China. It argues that the current provisions should be revised to include criminal fines on injurers, so as to enhance legal deterrence, stimulating them to improve the level of care as well as the level of behavior to reduce the incidence of accidents.

Service-oriented train timetabling with collaborative passenger flow control on an oversaturated metro line: An integer linear optimization approach

With the drastic increase of travel demands in urban areas, more and more metro lines are nowadays suffering from oversaturated situations, leading to the accumulation of passengers on platforms with potential accident risks. To further improve the service quality and reduce accident risks, this paper proposes an effective method for collaboratively optimizing the train timetable and accurate passenger flow control strategies on an oversaturated metro line. Through considering the dynamic characteristics of passenger flow, a rigorous integrated integer linear programming model is firstly formulated to minimize the total passenger waiting time at all of involved stations, in which the train timetable provides a service-oriented operation plan and optimal passenger flow control is imposed to avoid congestion on platforms within the transportation capacities. To solve the problem of interest efficiently, a hybrid algorithm, which combines an improved local search and CPLEX solver, is designed to search for high-quality solutions. Finally, two sets of numerical experiments, including a small-scale case and a real-world instance with operation data of the Beijing metro system, are implemented to demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

Safe Operation Guidelines for Electronic Toll Collection Systems: A Case Study in Korea

In this paper, we present safe operation guidelines for electronic toll collection (ETC) systems with both ETC booths and manual toll collection (MTC) booths. The guidelines are based on an analysis of vehicle speeds and trajectories that were obtained with a speed gun and a video recording method at six expressway tollgates in Korea. From the analysis results, two risk factors for the operation of the ETC systems were identified: speed differences between ETC-tagged vehicles and other vehicles with respect to locations, and lane changes as a result of entering the wrong lane. The guidelines suggest a method to calculate the safe distance necessary for lane changing and a lane configuration method to reduce accident risks resulting from speed variance. Although the guidelines are based on a case study in Korea, the approach could be useful for operation agencies of other ETC systems in strategic planning to reduce accident risks.

The role of safety research in road safety management

Mobility is a matter of great importance in daily life: However, it also causes costs and involves accident risks. To make mobility safer and reduce accident risks, a scientifically based road safety management is needed. Within such a safety management system, a concert of adequate and efficient strategies, tools and measures is developed and implemented. To ensure that the chosen means are efficient they should be derived from research evidence. Secondly, research is also needed to regularly monitor the impact of road safety management tools, serving as a “controlling instrument” for the appropriateness of safety management efforts. This article explains the main strategic aspects of safety management in Germany and illustrates it exemplarily on the basis of two recently implemented road safety measures.

ITS Solutions and Accident Risks: Prospective and Limitations

This article investigates the prospective and limitations in the application of potential intelligent transport system (ITS) functions to reduce accident risks, using a cause‐treatment relationship. The main causes of road accidents are described and appropriate ITS solutions (including advanced driver assistance systems and advanced traveller information systems) are presented as countermeasures. Anticipated impacts are discussed and indicate that several ITS have the potential of improving road safety and addressing specific accident causes. However, attention is required on particular aspects of their implementation as they may trigger adverse effects by imposing behavioural adaptation risks, and overestimation and over‐reliance on system capabilities. Further, user acceptability and strategic implementation issues are paramount to the successful introduction of these systems.

Asymmetric Information and the Form of Enterprise: Capitalist Firms and Consumer Cooperatives

This paper examines the implication of different enterprise forms -- capitalist firm and consumer cooperative -- for the level of accident risks, assuming informational asymmetry between the firm and the outside trader. Our conclusion is that, in order to reduce accident risks, we should choose an enterprise form that gives the firm's management rights to those who would incur the most substantial loss in case of an accident. This result depends upon how effectively the mechanism of signaling works under the firms, given a certain distribution of expected losses over individuals.