Between July 2021 and March 2023, the Italian government acted to support households’ and individuals’ incomes to help them cope with the exceptional energy and food prices surge, by means of both tariff and income-based fiscal policy measures. In this paper, we perform a microsimulation exercise to quantify the effects of the price increases and of the policy interventions on household expenditure and income. Our results indicate that the regressive impact of the price rises was mitigated by the fiscal measures, which also succeeded in reducing inequality, at risk of poverty and energy poverty. We also observe the relevant role of income-based measures in the South of the country.