Redesign Proposals Research Articles

Redesign of Facilities Layout Using Computerized Relationship Planning (CORELAP) and Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Techniques (CRAFT) Methods

The Barokah Jaya Snack Industry is an MSME engaged in the manufacture of jipang rice and popcorn. Based on the results of direct observation, it is known that the main problem is operator complaints in picking up raw materials that are often used too far away and the placement is not close together so that the distance becomes long. This research looks for alternative solutions to problems in the scope of production in the Barokah Jaya Snack Industry, by making redesign proposals using the CORELAP (Computerized Relationship Layout Planning) and CRAFT (Computerized Relative Allocation of Facilities Technique) methods. The total displacement moment in the design using the CORELAP method is 1,978.75 meters/month, and in the design using the CRAFT method is 1,755.8 meters/month. The Material Handling Cost (OMH) for the design using the CORELAP method is Rp. 811,288/month and the design using the CRAFT method is Rp. 719,892/month. The layout resulting from the CORELAP method provides a material flow efficiency of 45.88% against the initial layout and the layout resulting from the CRAFT method provides a material flow efficiency of 51.98%. The selected layout recommendation has a total material displacement moment that is smaller than the initial layout and the smallest among the other alternative layouts. The selected layout is the layout designed using the CRAFT method, which is 1,755.8 meters/month increasing the efficiency of material flow by 51.98% and saving material transfer costs of Rp. 778,146/month.

Design for performability: a proposal for democratic redesign of the classical guitar

Mastery of a musical instrument, including an ability to reach virtuosity in expression and performance, is commonly achieved through a lifelong commitment to practise. The specific instrument played has a crucial role in this journey. This paper reports on design research that aimed to determine the potential for redesigning the classical guitar, whether iteratively or radically, from the perspective of key stakeholder groups: luthiers, composers, and performers. A total of 25 interviews were conducted and analysed to identify shared and unique concerns amongst the stakeholder groups. The findings are used to conceive and develop a new design-related musical term ‘performability’, which builds upon the established term ‘playability’ but has much stronger interactional and experiential dimensions. Furthermore, the paper provides insights into ways in which an industrial designer can contribute to classical guitar design as a fourth stakeholder. Industrial design expertise is proposed to provide a mediating and catalysing role for democratic (i.e. multi-stakeholder, multi-perspective) instrument design or redesign. The paper concludes with a proposal for a ‘design for performability’ framework suited to co-design sessions aiming to achieve a highly performable classical guitar.

User Interface Design Patterns for Infotainment Systems Based on Driver Distraction: A Colombian Case Study

In this paper, we present a set of nine user interface design patterns for in-vehicle infotainment systems centered on the content, interaction mode, style, shortcuts, and notifications of the system, which are built based on both theoretical support and an empirical pattern finding process. This empirical process consists in an exploratory test made with 10 users from an age range from 18 to 29 and with a minimum of 2 years of driving experience, who were asked to perform a set of 13 secondary tasks in the vehicle to identify recurrent problems, behavioral patterns, and best practices. The output of this exploratory test was used as the main data source for the design patterns consolidation. It is worth mentioning that the proposal of these patterns arose as an initiative to begin to consider factors that can affect the driver’s experience in the Latin American context. The set of design patterns has been validated via a content validation (as an exploratory study) by a panel of Latin American experts in the area of HCI and UX through the development of a prototype using the patterns as a tool for the redesign proposal of the infotainment systems tested during the empirical finding process.

100 years after the first nursing school in Ecuador

In 2017 it was 100 years since the creation of the first school for the training of professional nurses in Ecuador, that same year this school presented a proposal for curricular redesign, which was approved and is in force and being applied. To identify differences and similarities between the program applied for training in 1917 and the current program, a comparative analysis of the academic and regulatory aspects of both programs was carried out. For the construction of the findings, official documents from the historical archive of the school and the country were reviewed, and to support the comparative descriptive analysis, literature available in regional and international databases was reviewed, obtaining 9 articles published in Spanish and 4 in Spanish. English language. The subordination of the profession to the medical profession, the lack of content teaching for the development of critical thinking and reflective attitudes, and the application of traditional methodologies for degree evaluation are the elements that have been perpetuated until today.

Justification of Lighting Redesign in Energy Saving on the Example of the Right Bank of the Vrbas River Between Two Bridges

<p>Modern technologies are evolving in the direction of energy efficiency and artificial light sources that today meet such targeted requirements have many other advantages that are not always recognized in planning. Utilizing the total capacity of energy efficient light sources requires a redesign and a different approach to public lighting planning. Using a small coverage along the river as a representative example, the possibilities of fulfilling the set strategic goal of the city development were presented through a proposal for redesign of urban lighting, and then the energy and economic justification of such a proposal was examined using the APEE method, which is also implemented in public lighting reconstruction in Banja Luka.</p>

THEORETICAL STUDY FOR REDESIGN OF AN AGRICULTURAL PACKAGE APPLYING ECODESIGN STRATEGIES AND CAD/CAE TOOLS

Plastic waste derived from the packaging industry currently represents an important environmental problem. Therefore, it is necessary for product designers and engineers to become aware of this fact and seek to incorporate the environmental vector when designing, redesigning, and developing containers and packaging, so that they are more sustainable and eco-effectiveness. Starting from this premise, the following objectives have been proposed in this work: (1) study and identification of possible Ecodesign strategies to apply to an existing agricultural package (model used in the collection and distribution of fruit and vegetable products); (2) to propose a redesign of the package studied, applying the information and knowledge obtained previously; (3) comparative analysis between the existing (commercial) package and the redesign proposal developed. In order to respond to this approach, work has been carried out with CAD/CAE tools (SolidWorks 3D CADTM software). The results obtained from the case study developed in this work indicate that the application of CAD/CAE tools supported by the proposed Ecodesign strategies can be a very useful and effective instrument in the design and development of this type of packaging, for practical application in the agro-food and packaging industry, which can facilitate in the short to medium term the transition to a circular economy model, based on the "Cradle to Cradle" concept.

Explainable artificial intelligence for manufacturing cost estimation and machining feature visualization

Studies on manufacturing cost prediction based on deep learning have begun in recent years, but the cost prediction rationale cannot be explained because the models are still used as a black box. This study aims to propose a manufacturing cost prediction process for 3D computer-aided design (CAD) models using explainable artificial intelligence. The proposed process can visualize the machining features of the 3D CAD model that are influencing the increase in manufacturing costs. The proposed process consists of (1) data collection and pre-processing, (2) 3D deep learning architecture exploration, and (3) visualization to explain the prediction results. The proposed deep learning model shows high predictability of manufacturing cost for the computer numerical control (CNC) machined parts. In particular, using 3D gradient-weighted class activation mapping proves that the proposed model not only can detect the CNC machining features but also can differentiate the machining difficulty for the same feature. Using the proposed process, we can provide a design guidance to engineering designers in reducing manufacturing costs during the conceptual design phase. We can also provide real-time quotations and redesign proposals to online manufacturing platform customers.

Proposals for the redesign of the mouthwash production chain based on environmental performance indicators

This study describes the results of the initial redesign process phase of the production chains of two mouthwashes, namely an alcohol-based product (‘A’) and a polyol-based product (‘B’), in order to improve their environmental performance. Initially the LCA technique estimated impacts in terms of Primary Energy Demand, Global Warming Potential, Terrestrial Acidification, Photochemical Oxidation Formation, Terrestrial Ecotoxicity, Agricultural Land Occupation and Water Depletion for the original arrangements. The main impacts of 'A' comprised the application of renewable alcohol in its composition and the use of N2 as the inerting fluid used to seal the reactors, while fossil polyol stands out as the main opportunity for improving ‘B’ manufacturing performance. Three redesign proposals were defined for Product ‘A’: renewable alcohol replacement by fossil alcohol, the use of Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) instead of cryogenics for N2 production and reducing the amount of this fluid in the reactors. Renewable polyol was introduced in 'B' instead of the fossil version.Although both measures were proven effective, a second round of LCA indicated that N2 content reduction combined with the PSA technology was more effective in improving the overall performance of 'A' manufacturing than the inclusion of synthetic alcohol in its formulation. The use of renewable polyol is a recommendable practice except for its performances regarding Terrestrial Ecotoxicity and Agricultural Land Occupation, comprising greater contributions compared to its former performance. The environmental consequences of those interventions were also evaluated in collective terms through the Global Environmental Indicator (GEI). For ‘A’, GEI confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed measures, which, when associated reduced the impacts originally identified in its processing by 74%, while renewable polyol was not able make ‘B’ production less environmentally aggressive.

Redesign of a Piston for a Diesel Combustion Engine to Use Biodiesel Blends.

Biofuels represent an energy option to mitigate polluting gases. However, technical problems must be solved, one of them is to improve the combustion process. In this study, the geometry of a piston head for a diesel engine was redesigned. The objective was to improve the combustion process and reduce polluting emissions using biodiesel blends as the fuel. The methodology used was the mechanical engineering design process. A commercial piston (base piston) was selected as a reference model to assess the piston head’s redesign. Changes were applied to the profile of the piston head based on previous research and a new model was obtained. Both models were evaluated and analyzed using the finite element method, where the most relevant physical conditions were temperature and pressure. Numerical simulations in the base piston and the new piston redesign proposal presented similar behaviors and results. However, with the proposed piston, it was possible to reduce the effort and the material. The proposed piston profile presents adequate results and behaviors. In future, we suggest continuing conducting simulations and experimental tests to assess its performance.

Analysis by simulation of process improvement at the entrance of a primary care unit

Este artigo analisa uma proposta de redesenho de processos da porta de entrada de uma unidade de atenção primária em saúde no Município do Rio de Janeiro. O principal redesenho proposto foi a unificação das filas dos guichês, deixando de estratificar usuários de acordo com sua equipe. Dados coletados em visitas de campo foram usados para construir um modelo de simulação de eventos discretos. Foram analisados os impactos do redesenho sobre o tempo médio de espera em fila, sobre o tamanho médio da fila e sobre a taxa de ocupação dos guichês. Os resultados da simulação apontam para uma redução de 89,9% do tempo médio em fila, passando de 465,5 segundos para 47,2 segundos. Correspondentemente, o tamanho médio da fila foi reduzido de 0,9 usuários para 0,6 usuários. Ainda, houve a redução de um guichê e aumento na taxa média de utilização dos guichês, de 56,9% para 67,4%, aumentando a produtividade sem geração de sobrecarga. Estudos futuros poderão explorar o relaxamento de restrições nas premissas do modelo e a replicabilidade dos resultados em unidades de saúde semelhantes.

A Re-design Proposal for the ‘Occupational’ & ‘Environmental’ Medicine syllabus under ‘Community Medicine’ subject of the third-year MBBS curriculum in Bangladesh: Suggesting to apply ‘PBLs’, ‘Blended-learning (or, flipped classroom)’ and ‘Guest-lectures’

The reported illnesses and injuries attributed to environmental and occupational factors is a major health challenge being experienced globally over the years.1 In current decade, Bangladesh has experienced a number of environmental and occupational health-related hazards that not only have cost huge government involvement, medically and financially but also caused international bodies to intervene into local affairs (see Table 1). These unprecedented events often question how prepared are young Bangladeshi doctors if they are to receive and manage disaster-victims at real time.2 Globally, ‘Occupational and Environmental Medicine (OEM)’ subject is lectured at third-year of the MBBS course during ‘Population Health’ or ‘Community Medicine’ rotation. Efficient, effective and enjoyable learning on OEM-topics can equip future doctors with important basic knowledge and required practical skills that are necessary to manage cases/victims from pandemic, work-hazards or disasters. Students’ positive engagement with OEM may raise their interest with specialist careers in Community Medicine (Com-Med). Some developed-country studies3-7 reported that students who went through problem-based-learning (PBL) tutored classes made better academic performance on Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Community Health topics than those who had experienced traditionally lecture-tutored curriculum. An Indian study done by Joseph et al.8 documented similar findings. The purpose of this review paper is to appraise current OEM-syllabus under the Com-Med curriculum in Bangladesh and scope, whether the PBLs or case-based-learning (CBLs) model could be appropriate if applied through ‘blended-learning’ or, ‘flipped-classroom (backed by audio-video supports)’ format. This literature-evidenced, student-centred teaching model expectedly would improve students’ practically-oriented learning via their in-class working over real-life cases/problems. Ideally, these cases would be constructed by content-experts and delivered initially by guest-lecturers.
 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.12(1) 2021: 50-67

Reverse design for remanufacture based on failure feedback and polychromatic sets

Design for remanufacture (DfRem) plays an important role in improving remanufacture efficiency of end-of-life (EOL) products. Some studies revealed that the barriers of DfRem are mostly hidden in the failure modes of EOL product. However, one of the DfRem challenges is how to integrate failure feedback into the product’s design process. To address this problem, this study offers a novel Reverse Design for Remanufacture (RDfRem) method to offer redesign strategy for improving the remanufacturability of product based on failure feedback and polychromatic sets. An integrated model, namely, Reverse DfRem Polychromatic Model (RDPM), was developed to describe the relationship among the product’s components, failure modes, scrap modes, economic and obsolescence criteria, and EOL product recovery options based on the theory of polychromatic sets. Thus, the DfRem of product could be formally described mathematically and manipulated by using the computer system. Furthermore, a redesign proposal polychromatic reasoning method was designed to identify the proposed architecture of product. Then redesign proposals were provided to improve the remanufacturability of product. Finally, a simple example was considered to illustrate the entire framework of the proposed method and the case study of an engine validated the feasibility of the method proposed in this study.

On the Optimal Synthesis of a Finger Rehabilitation Slider-Crank-Based Device with a Prescribed Real Trajectory: Motion Specifications and Design Process

This article discusses the mechanical redesign of a finger rehabilitation device based on a slider-crank mechanism. The redesign proposal is to obtain a smaller and more portable device that can recreate the motion trajectories of a finger. The real finger motion trajectories were recorded using a motion capture system. The article focused on the optimal synthesis of the rehabilitation device mechanism formulated as a classic trajectory generation problem. The proposed approach was combined with the recorded finger movements and solved using the genetic algorithm (GA) method. Optimization criteria and constraints were successively formulated and solved using a mono-objective function.

Co-designing the pedestrian revolution in Muscat

Rapid growth coupled with the prevailing land allocation system in Oman led to a shift from compact dwellings typologies to detached single-family houses, arranged in monofunctional zoning systems that exclusively rely on cars. Due to the sprawled transformation, authorities are unable to provide new neighborhoods with basic infrastructure and attractive open spaces. Consequently, the level of non-communicable diseases is increasing, making urban regeneration programs promoting active lifestyles in built environments a matter of public health. In our research we explore participative-planning strategies to enhance pedestrian activity within existing neighborhoods and regenerate public spaces. We conducted a quantitative survey using a standard walkability scale and physical maps to identify barriers to pedestrian activity. Subsequently, we employed the data to frame culturally sensitive co-creation workshops, gaining in-depth knowledge to guide future redesign proposals. We found that mosques are walking magnets yet engender contrasting views with regard to walkability; finding solutions to the spatial problems could develop them into walkable cores. We also observed that residents were aware of health problems caused by lack of physical activity and how that links with the built environment they inhabit. They were eager to discuss solutions, including alternative governance models, as long as the process was short and produced immediate small interventions with high-level impact on their surroundings. We employed a fine-grained combination of methods to address site-specific challenges. Its quantitative data allows the insertion in a broader discourse and the linkage to a large body of research in walkability. Co-creation workshops, especially city games, proved to be a powerful tool to initiate dialogue on complex spatial negotiation, even in societies where participatory approaches do not have a well-established tradition.

Redesigning the Common NICU Incubator: An Approach Through the Emulation of Factors Resembling the Mother’s Womb

Incubators are essential medical devices in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) with the purpose of regulating and maintaining the required humidity and temperature for neonates and preterm infants (PI): basic survival functions. Nonetheless, their optimal development must consider other fundamental factors such as positioning of the body, orientation in space, and other stimuli. The aim of this study was to compare the emotional visual impact variation caused by the common NICU incubator and a redesign proposal that takes into account all the factors previously mentioned. The emotional impact caused by these two devices was measured through a survey using PrEmo Tool©. The results showed that through the redesigned proposal, a higher positive response was achieved while decreasing its negative emotional impact. The proposal’s aim for improvement was achieved through the emulation of the mother’s womb both in form and function.

A method for postural critical factors checking: The case of library chairs

BACKGROUND: According to ergonomic researches regarding a good sitting posture, it is essential to ensure a natural back-curve in order to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. A brief observation among the Scientific Technology Library inside the University of Salerno showed that students used to complain about neck and lumbar pain, especially after a study day. OBJECTIVE: On the light of this background, a sitting posture comfort analysis had been performed on chairs inside the library to check the critical factors that influence the postural comfort and, consequently, the learning. METHODS: A prolonged sitting posture, that is common during the daily study activity, had been simulated with fifteen volunteer students performing 1-hour tests (divided into four 15-minutes tasks). Subjective perceptions had been gathered through questionnaires rating on a 5-point Comfort scale, both the expected comfort at the beginning of the experiment and the Localized Postural Comfort at the end of each task have been investigated. Then, postural angles had been gathered through photographic acquisition and Kinovea®. CaMAN software had been used to calculate the objective (dis)comfort indexes. Finally, subjective and objective data had been statistically processed and compared. RESULTS: Lumbar area scored the lowest perceived comfort while the perceived comfort was independent of participants and tasks, but dependent on time. CONCLUSIONS: After this comfort-driven analysis, critical factors of the chair-design were checked, and a proposal for a future re-design was hypothesized.

Energetska rehabilitacija postojećih objekata - projektantski studio

This paper presents the methodology and results of design studio whose main topic is sustainability, specifically relating to existing building energy refurbishment, at the postgraduate level - specialist academic studies - Energy efficient and green architecture at the University of Belgrade-Faculty of Architecture. Weaknesses and opportunities in teaching sustainability in a design studio are discussed. It points to concrete challenges that the theme of building energy conservation and refurbishment present, and to ways in which they might be integrated in education. This paper considers how the design studio pedagogy could encourage deep and active learning for sustainable design in an attempt to expand the role of the architect to be more responsive to the environmental needs of contemporary society. Methodology of this studio uses the approach of project-oriented learning by simulating a real-life multidisciplinary project development environment. Three phases of design development are described as: research phase, refurbishment phase and redesign phase. It starts with the research phase, which is developed in parallel with the refurbishment phase. This is because the refurbishment process in this studio is not just limited to the technical aspects of energy efficiency improvement, verified through calculations and simulations. Several design scenarios are developed, examining the minimal, optimal and maximal range of energy efficiency improvements in technical systems and building thermal envelope. Analysis of these scenarios, but also analysis of a much wider spectre of aspects influencing the refurbishment design, results in a final redesign proposal which is a comprehensive, deep refurbishment proposal, tackling not only energy (under)performance, but also possibilities for upgrade of functional, technical and aesthetical aspects of existing building.

Thermal Validation, Structural Implications and Redesign Proposals of the Multipurpose External Dump of the Proton Synchrotron at CERN

In order to safely absorb charged particle beams prepared for various experimental facilities at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) an external dump is installed at the end of the Proton Synchrotron (PS) transfer line. This dump currently consists of stacked cast iron blocks surrounded by concrete shielding. This paper analyzes the thermal performance of the PS external dump under today’s most critical beam operational scenarios. Thermal analysis using preliminary material models will be correlated with in-site thermal measurements on the open face of the dump. From this analysis we conclude on the thermal and structural consequences of further operation of the dump under current and future beam-operation scenarios in which beam intensities are expected to increase by a factor of three. Finally we analyze a new design proposal with active cooling for the consolidation of the PS external dump.

Implementation of simulation modelling to improve service planning in specialist orthopaedic and neurosurgical outpatient services

BackgroundAdvanced physiotherapist-led services have been embedded in specialist orthopaedic and neurosurgical outpatient departments across Queensland, Australia, to ameliorate capacity constraints. Simulation modelling has been used to inform the optimal scale and professional mix of services required to match patient demand. The context and the value of simulation modelling in service planning remain unclear. We aimed to examine the adoption, context and costs of using simulation modelling recommendations to inform service planning.MethodsUsing an implementation science approach, we undertook a prospective, qualitative evaluation to assess the use of discrete event simulation modelling recommendations for service re-design and to explore stakeholder perspectives about the role of simulation modelling in service planning. Five orthopaedic and neurosurgical services in Queensland, Australia, were selected to maximise variation in implementation effectiveness. We used the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) to guide the facilitation and analysis of the stakeholder focus group discussions. We conducted a prospective costing analysis in each service to estimate the costs associated with using simulation modelling to inform service planning.ResultsFour of the five services demonstrated adoption by inclusion of modelling recommendations into proposals for service re-design. Four CFIR constructs distinguished and two CFIR constructs did not distinguish between high versus mixed implementation effectiveness. We identified additional constructs that did not map onto CFIR. The mean cost of implementation was AU$34,553 per site (standard deviation = AU$737).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first time the context of implementing simulation modelling recommendations in a health care setting, using a validated framework, has been examined. Our findings may provide valuable insights to increase the uptake of healthcare modelling recommendations in service planning.

NDC Schemes and Heterogeneity in Longevity: Proposals for Redesign

A positive relationship between lifetime income and life expectancy leads to a redistribution mechanism when the average cohort life expectancy is applied for annuity calculation. Such a distortion puts into doubt the main features of the NDC (nonfinancial defined contribution) scheme and calls for alternative designs to compensate for the heterogeneity. This paper explores five key mechanisms of compensation: individualized annuities; individualized contribution rates; a two-tier contribution structure with socialized and individual rates; and two supplementary two-tier approaches to deal with the income distribution tails. Using unique American and British data, the analysis indicates that both individualized annuities and two-tier contribution schemes are feasible and effective and thus promising policy options. A de-pooling by gender will be required, however.