Model Redesign Research Articles

Fostering professional capacity for blended teaching and learning

Blended learning (BL) in higher education (HE) has for decades been considered a transformative way for universities to reach a wider range of students, increasing equity and availability to meaningful learning experiences. However, there is little in the BL literature around teaching academics and instructional designers’ experiences and perspectives on BL. This case study explores collaborative redesign through the reflections of a team comprising an academic Unit Chair, Learning Designer, and a Sessional Lecturer. It illustrates how a collaborative BL redesign process strengthened a unit that in 2022 had been deemed to be unsuccessful, and built educator capability through professional learning (PL). The result was a pedagogical and learning shift, which led to the unit’s successful delivery for online and on campus students in 2023. The findings have implications for BL and insight into collaborative design team experiences offering value to the academic community at large and foregrounding the value of pursuing a ‘ground-up’ collaborative BL redesign model.

Quantum-Mechanics Calculations Elucidate Skin-Sensitizing Pharmaceutical Compounds.

Skin sensitization is a critical end point in occupational toxicology that necessitates the use of fast, accurate, and affordable models to aid in establishing handling guidance for worker protection. While many in silico models have been developed, the scarcity of reliable data for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their intermediates (together regarded as pharmaceutical compounds) brings into question the reliability of these tools, which are largely constructed using publicly available nonspecialty chemicals. Here, we present the quantum-mechanical (QM) Computer-Aided Discovery and REdesign (CADRE) model, which was developed with the bioactive and structurally complex chemical space in mind by relying on the fundamentals of chemical interactions in key events (versus structural attributes of training-set data). Validated in this study on 345 APIs and intermediates, CADRE achieved 95% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity and a combined 79% accuracy in assigning potency categories compared to the mouse local lymph node assay data. We show how historical outcomes from CADRE testing in the pharmaceutical space, generated over the past 10 years on ca. 2500 chemicals, can be used to probe the relationships between sensitization mechanisms (or the underlying chemical classes) and the probability of eliciting a sensitization response in mice of a given potency. We believe this information to be of value to both practitioners, who can use it to quickly screen and triage their data sets, as well as to model developers to fine-tune their structure-based tools. Lastly, we leverage our experimentally validated subset of APIs and intermediates to show the importance of dermal permeability on the sensitization potential and potency. We demonstrate that common physicochemical properties used to assess permeation, such as the octanol-water partition coefficient and molecular weight, are poor proxies for the more accurate energy-pair distributions that can be computed from mixed QM and classical simulations using model representations of the stratum corneum.

Agent-based decision-support model for bus route redesign in networks of small cities and towns: case study of Agder, Norway

Small cities and towns often struggle to provide high-quality public transport services to daily commuters. This is reflected in the modal split, where the share of car users dominates. Such a problem requires a modern solution, where transport planners can verify the impact of potential transport network improvements on the travel behavior of the residents before the changes are actually deployed. This study aims to demonstrate the usefulness of employing an agent-based simulation tool in the decision process for redesigning an express service regional bus route connecting a network of small cities and towns. The model was initially developed as a Mobility as a Service simulation solution for suburban areas of European metropolises. The model is adapted and applied to a case study for the region of Agder, Norway, simulating the impact of nine different scenarios on the patronage of a specific bus route. The simulation model proposes to upgrade the classic agent structure to a persona profile designed specifically for the case study. The main objective of this research is to identify the scenario that maximizes patronage while minimizing total route travel time and additional costs. The results suggest that the proposed model can be successfully adapted from suburban metropolitan areas to the realities of the considered case study, and potentially other similar regions. Specifically, out of the nine proposed scenarios, the model identified four promising ones. One of the four scenarios also fits the cost constraints imposed by the transport provider. The model provides a solid approach for analyzing complex transport systems that are practically impossible to consider in detail if the analysis is done without computer support. Thus, the results can be used as a decision support system for public transport planning and operations in networks of small cities and towns.

A regret-based robust optimization model for municipal water distribution network redesign under disruption risks

In recent decades, the increasing demand for water and resource limitations have posed challenges to water resources management. This study proposes a comprehensive model for redesigning urban water distribution network under disruptions, focusing on household consumption. The proposed model integrates strategic decisions for network, and addresses disruption risks. To ensure the resilience of the network against disruptions caused by earthquakes, we developed a regret-based robust optimization model. The model minimizes redesign and operational costs by optimizing water flow, construction locations, and pipeline connections. Numerical results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model, revealing a reduction in average costs—approximately 0.6 %—compared to the deterministic model. This reduction is noteworthy given the scale of municipal water distribution configuration costs. Also, resiliency analysis demonstrates the superiority of the robust solution compared to the deterministic structure. The model supports policymakers for operational and long-term decisions, considering complex hydraulic constraints and horizontal transfers between reservoirs.

Women’s autonomy and maternal health decision making in Kenya: implications for service delivery reform - a qualitative study

BackgroundMaternal and neonatal outcomes in, Kakamega County is characterized by a maternal mortality rate of 316 per 100,000 live births and a neonatal mortality rate of 19 per 1,000 live births. In 2018, approximately 70,000 births occurred in the county, with 35% at home, 28% in primary care facilities, and 37% in hospitals. A maternal and child health service delivery redesign (SDR) that aims to reorganize maternal and newborn health services is being implemented in Kakamega County in Kenya to improve the progress of these indicators. Research has shown that women’s ability to make decisions (voice, agency, and autonomy) is critical for gender equality, empowerment and an important determinant of access and utilization. As part of the Kakamega SDR process evaluation, this study sought to understand women’s processes of decision-making in seeking maternal health care and how these affect women’s ability to access and use antenatal, delivery, and post-natal services.MethodsWe adapted the International Centre for Research on Women (ICRW) conceptual framework for reproductive empowerment to focus on the interrelated concepts of “female autonomy”, and “women’s agency” with the latter incorporating ‘voice’, ‘choice’ and ‘power’. Our adaptation did not consider the influence of sexual relationships and leadership on SRH decision-making. We conducted key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, small group interviews and focus group discussions with pregnant women attending Antenatal clinics, women who had delivered, women attending post-natal clinics, and men in Kakamega County. A thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data in NVivo 12.ResultsThe results revealed notable findings across three dimensions of agency. Women with previous birthing experiences, high self-esteem, and support from their social networks exhibited greater agency. Additionally, positive previous birthing experiences were associated with increased confidence in making reproductive health choices. Women who had control over financial resources and experienced respectful communication with their partners exhibited higher levels of agency within their households. Distance relational agency demonstrated the impact of health system factors and socio-cultural norms on women’s agency and autonomy. Finally, women who faced barriers such as long waiting times or limited staff availability experienced reduced agency in seeking healthcare.ConclusionsIndividual agency, immediate relational agency, and distance relational agency all play crucial roles in shaping women’s decision-making power and control over their utilization of maternal health services. This study offers valuable insights that can guide the ongoing implementation of an innovative service delivery redesign model, emphasizing the critical need for developing context-specific strategies to promote women’s voices for sustained use.

Technology Implementation in Pre-Service Science Teacher Education Based on the Transformative View of TPACK: Effects on Pre-Service Teachers’ TPACK, Behavioral Orientations and Actions in Practice

Teaching with and about technology is part of science teachers’ 21st century skills. To foster technology-enhanced practice, teachers need to acquire both technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK on action) and positive behavioral orientations toward technology exploitation. However, it remains unclear if the gained knowledge is applied in practice (TPACK in action). Therefore, studies are required to investigate the interplay of programs promoting TPACK on action, behavioral orientations, and resulting TPACK in action. This paper presents an approach that explicitly links pre-service science teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) with TPACK development in two undergraduate modules, following the transformative view of TPACK. TPACK on action and behavioral orientations are captured through a questionnaire at three points in time. Additionally, lesson plans are analyzed to evaluate the quality of technology use and cognitive engagement, approximating TPACK in action. The results show a significant increase in pre-service science teachers’ (N = 133) self-rated TPACK on action and behavioral orientations between pre- and post-test, with moderate to large effects. Moreover, the analyses of lesson plans reveal a high quality of technology exploitation in the planned lessons, indicating distinctive TPACK in action after attending the modules. This theory-based approach is supported by empirical data, and highly regarded by participants, making it a successful model for course redesign at other universities.

Adapting the program redesign model for a student‐centered curricula renewal in animal science

AbstractDepartmental‐level curricular redesign is a vital issue in higher education, especially as departments work to move toward more student‐centered teaching and learning environments. However, there is a lack of guidance on the steps to take or potential solutions to challenges faced by faculty and departments undergoing the curricular redesign process. While there are studies that share frameworks and different processes, there are few approaches that emphasize student‐centered learning, as well as being flexible, theory‐based, and data driven. In this paper, we share an overview of an adapted curricular design framework and the detailed process a Department of Animal Sciences is taking to approach departmental curricular redesign. We highlight items to consider prior to beginning a department level curricular redesign, the challenges, potential solutions, and next steps in the process.

NEW CONCEPT OF PREDICTABLE TIME OFF AND ORGANIZATIONAL WORK DESIGN– ANALYZING THE VERY NATURE OF EMERGING CONTEMPORARY ISSUE

The study focuses on the concept of predictable time off, which is a novel concept practiced in some business organizations. As it is challenging for researchers to derive a model which can simultaneously improve the work processes and the health of the organization simultaneously. In this situation, Predictable Time Off (PTO) is a work redesign model, which can be applied for not only improved work but also for healthier life. The purpose of this research is to assess the suitability of the model for organizations in Eastern Culture (i.e., Pakistani environment). Based on this conception, the study was carried out to examine the association of predictable time off and work design. Thus, the model was tested on a vocational training organization, comprising around 160 institutions and training centers. Around 09 heads of the institutions were interviewed with semi-structured questionnaire. The model was applied with the coordination of principals who were also the heads of the institutions. These sampled institutions heads practice of having five working days and around 45 hours per week, they were interviewed about their time spent at job with its divisions. Findings show that the model can improve their work and personal life, if it is applied properly and if pertinent contextual considerations were given due weightage Keywords: Predictable Time Off (PTO), Work redesign, globalization, technology

IMPROVING THE FISHERY BUSINESS PERMIT ISSUANCE USING BUSINESS PROCESS IMPROVEMENT

This study aims to analyse the actual business process applied in the Capital Investment Agency and One-Stop Licensing Centre of Aceh Province, mainly on issuing a fishery business permit. The institution has established 240 working hours (equivalent to 14,400 minutes) to issue the permit based on the SOP (standard operating procedures). However, a field observation showed that the actual process time exceed up to 600 hours (equivalent to 37,104 minutes). To investigate the gap and analyse the business process activities, this study employs Business Process Improvement (BPI) which consists of phase 1: organizing for improvement, phase 2: understanding the process, and phase 3: streamlining. This study occupies Bizagi Modeler to build and simulate a systematic business process model according to Business Process Modelling and Notation (BPMN). Based on the simulation process, the actual business process resulted 110 activities with total time 37,104 minutes, while the redesign model resulted 72 activities with total time 197.25 working hours (equivalent to 11,835 minutes). The redesign model further measured using devil’s quadrangle and obtained 68.11% efficiency. The efficiency aligns with better flexibility and service quality improvement.

An Equity-Focused Redesign of an Introductory Organismal Biology Lab Course To Develop Foundational Scientific Practices.

Laboratory courses can serve as important avenues to equitably support introductory biology students to develop foundational scientific literacy skills while experiencing the authentic research process. We present a model for an equity-focused redesign of an introductory organismal biology laboratory course at a teaching institution with limited research infrastructure. We incorporated elements of inquiry, structure, and climate into our three redesigned course components: weekly research investigations, skill-building assignments, and student-designed group projects. Students were trained in the research process through weekly experiments using locally relevant model organisms, collecting and analyzing novel data and writing brief results sections in the conventions of a research journal article. Student groups then collaborated to complete a student-designed research project and poster presentation using one of the model organisms. Through weekly inquiry labs and practice in skill-building assignments, most students in the sample mastered skills in analyzing, graphing, and writing about experimental results. Notably, students mastered skills that were practiced more frequently throughout the lab course, demonstrating the value of repeated and scaffolded practice. Students reported significant gains in self-efficacy and science identity, as well as sense of project ownership. Student gains were influenced by instructor but not their major or the semester in which they took the course, and growth occurred across students regardless of their incoming score on the presemester survey. This intentional course design model, combined with consistent expectations for instructors across multiple sections, has the potential to equitably support students with a range of prior knowledge and experiences to make meaningful gains in science literacy skills during an introductory semester.

Examining the correlation between residential environment evaluation and redesign measures to improve disaster prevention performance in densely built-up areas: A case study in the Shinyo neighborhood, Nagata Ward, Kobe

There are many densely built-up areas in Japan that face danger from environmental disasters and need disaster prevention measures. However, streets in these areas provide a common space for activities such as socializing and increase the social comfort of living. Therefore, in addition to disaster prevention, such positive aspects should be retained when redesigning these areas. This study aimed to construct evaluation models of residential environments unique to densely built-up areas by using a questionnaire survey and to clarify the influence of redesign measures for improving disaster prevention performance on residential environment evaluation. The analysis results indicated that some disaster prevention measures have a trade-off relationship with many positive evaluation items of residential environments unique to densely built-up areas, although there is no trade-off relationship between disaster prevention measures and most evaluation items of a typical residential environment. Thus, it is necessary to develop redesign models that considers not only improving disaster prevention performance, but also an area's unique spatial characteristics.

Increasing protein stability by inferring substitution effects from high-throughput experiments

We apply a computational model, global multi-mutant analysis (GMMA), to inform on effects of most amino acid substitutions from a randomly mutated gene library. Using a high mutation frequency, the method can determine mutations that increase the stability of even very stable proteins for which conventional selection systems have reached their limit. As a demonstration of this, we screened a mutant library of a highly stable and computationally redesigned model protein using an invivo genetic sensor for folding and assigned a stability effect to 374 of 912 possible single amino acid substitutions. Combining the top 9 substitutions increased the unfolding energy 47 to 69kJ/mol in a single engineering step. Crystal structures of stabilized variants showed small perturbations in helices 1 and 2, which rendered them closer in structure to the redesign template. This case study illustrates the capability of the method, which is applicable to any screen for protein function.

Expression of concern: “A novel multi-objective scenario-based optimization model for sustainable reverse logistics supply chain network redesign considering facility reconstruction” [Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 270, 10 October 2020, 122405

Expression of concern: “A novel multi-objective scenario-based optimization model for sustainable reverse logistics supply chain network redesign considering facility reconstruction” [Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 270, 10 October 2020, 122405

Integration vs Collaborative Redesign Strategies of Health Systems' Supply Chains in the Post-COVID-19 New Normal: Cross-sectional Survey Across the United States.

BackgroundGiven the widespread disruptions to supply chains in 2020 because of the COVID-19 pandemic, questions such as how health systems are shaping strategies to restore the supply chain disruptions are essential to have confidence in health systems’ supply chain model strategies. Plausibly, health systems have an opportunity for redesign, growth, and innovation by utilizing collaborative strategies now, compared to the usual strategies of integrating their existing supply chains to reduce inefficiencies.ObjectiveThis study focuses on teasing out the nuance of supply chain integration versus collaborative redesign strategies for health systems in the post-COVID-19 new normal. We focus on 2 research questions. First, we explore the impact of perceived supply chain challenges and disruptions on health systems’ supply chain integration (SC-INTEGRATION) and collaborative redesign (SC-REDESIGN) strategies. Second, we examine the outcomes of integration and collaborative redesign strategic choices on growth and service outcomes.MethodsWe used data for this study collected through a consultant from a robust group of health system chief executive officers (CEOs) across the United States from February to March 2021. Among the 625 health system CEOs contacted, 135 (21.6%) responded to our survey. We considered supply chain–relevant strategy and outcome variables from the literature and ratified them via expert consensus. We collected secondary data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Compendium of the US Health Systems, leading to a matched data set from the 124 health systems. Next, we used ordered logit model estimation to examine CEO preferences for partnership strategies to address current supply disruptions and the outcomes of strategy choices.ResultsHealth systems with higher disruptions would choose integration (positive, P<.001) over redesign, indicating that they still trust the existing partners. Integration strategy is perceived to result in better service outcomes (P<.01), while collaborations are perceived to lead to greater growth opportunities (P<.05); however, the role of integration in growth is not entirely ruled out (combined model, P<.001). Plausibly, some health systems would choose integration and collaborative redesign models, which have a significant relationship with both services (combined model, P<.01) and growth, establishing the importance of mixed strategies for health systems.ConclusionsThe cost of health care continues to rise, and supply-related costs constitute a large portion of a hospital’s expenditure. Understanding supply chain strategic choices are essential for a health system’s success. Although collaboration is an option, focusing on and improving existing integration dynamics is helpful to foster both growth and services for health systems.

Improved Design and Thermo-Mechanical Verification of Deflection Magnet Beam Collimator of EAST-NBI System

The deflection magnet (DM) is the most important component of the Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) system of Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), which can magnetically deflect the un-neutralized charged particles after the neutralized process of the beam is extracted from the ion source, and then form a neutral beam injected into the tokamak. Under the operating conditions of the NBI system, by using the thermocouple monitoring system in the experiment, it can be found that the currently operating DM beam collimator has a quite high temperature rise. It is necessary to redesign the DM beam collimator to improve its heat transfer performance. The parallel arrangement of multiple rows of tubes is proposed as the basic method for the redesign of the beam collimator of DM, the thermal-fluid-structure analysis model of this redesign model is established and its temperature field, pressure field and stress field are analyzed. Taking the surface temperature of the beam collimator, the overall dimension after the total tube combination and the pressure drop of the whole structure of collimator as the optimization objectives, and setting the fluid velocity, the tube’s inner diameter and the number of tube rows as the design variables, the optimized design scheme of the beam collimator structure is obtained. From the results of simulation, the new structure can better meet the operation requirements of DM, and its maximum temperature rise is well controlled, which is expected to meet the long pulse operation requirements of the NBI system. The proposed simulation and design optimization method can provide a certain reference for the design and optimization of other high-heat-flux structures in complex large-scale neutral beam systems in the future.

Students' perception of online learning amidst the Covid-19 pandemic: A study of junior, senior high school and college students in a remote area.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about many changes in all sectors of life, especially in the field of education. These changes aim to make the learning process more effective in the pandemic environment. However, it can be challenging, as some students do not give positive responses to these changes, especially those in remote areas. This article aims to identify and report students' perceptions about the effectiveness of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in the remote North Tapanuli region of Indonesia. Methods: In this study, data were obtained using an online survey involving 30 students from three levels of education, namely junior high school, senior high school, and college. They are students who the teacher appoints as class administrators; through them, the teacher communicates about everything-learning activities. So compared to his other friends, they know more about the implementation of online learning during the covid 19 pandemic. In addition, schools in remote areas have fewer students than schools in big cities. So we conclude that this research is considered representative with thirty students as the sample. The data gathered from the survey were analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods. Results: Results show that online learning is considered less effective by students in remote areas; this happens because communication networks and infrastructure do not adequately support them to follow online learning. Conclusion: Teachers need to evaluate how to teach as well as re-design models and approaches to be applied in learning. This can be achieved by adjusting to the student's current situation to generate interest and willingness to learn online.

How to make regenerative practices work on the farm: A modelling framework

CONTEXTWell-managed agricultural land can provide ecosystem services and contribute positively to the environment. Many of these services are mediated through the soil and are referred to as soil functions. Regenerative agriculture is a mode of agriculture that uses soil conservation as the entry point to regenerate and contribute to these ecosystem services, with the aspiration that this will enhance not only environmental, but also social and economic dimensions of food production. OBJECTIVEThe main objective of this paper is to create a modelling framework which allows the ex-ante redesign of diverse farming systems and assessment of ecosystem services associated with regenerative agriculture in diverse pedo-climatic conditions. METHODSWithin this modelling framework we combined two models (Soil Navigator (SN) and FarmDESIGN (FD)) to consider soil attributes at the field-scale and environmental and socio-economic outcomes at farm-scale. We used a Dutch dairy-farm as case-study to demonstrate how this framework can be used to assess associated ecosystem services and explore alternative farm configurations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSCombining SN with FD indicated what ecosystem services could be improved in a local context. Together these models help to evaluate the impact of soil management practices as the basis for exploring the overall socio-economic and environmental sustainability of our dairy case-study farm. For our dairy case-study farm, we found a set of management practices that delivered four out of the five functions at a high capacity, at the expense of primary productivity (from high to medium) and farm profitability (from 55,620 to 40,720 € yr−1). The decline in primary productivity, however, causes an improvement in other ecosystem services such as, climate regulation (increased from medium to high) and the soil organic matter surplus (increased with 7%). While this study successfully demonstrated an initial combination of SN and FD models for the ex-ante redesign and assessment of farming systems towards regenerative agriculture, further model development is essential to widen the applicability of this study to include emerging farming practices and new indicators of sustainability that are measured over a longer period. SIGNIFICANCEFor regenerative agriculture to be meaningful for diverse farming systems, we need methods that give insight into the efficacy of regenerative management to meet multiple ecosystem services within local contexts. As such, our modelling framework can be used by researchers as a tool to help various stakeholders to assess and redesign farms based on the objectives of regenerative agriculture.

A sustainable redesign model for the water/wastewater supply network: a water–energy nexus approach

PurposeA sustainable selection method for facility location of the water treatment is formulated by best–worst method. In addition, the model addresses the selection of appropriate technologies in the treatment plant, management of water leakage in the whole transmission network by using modernization and selection of different transmission technologies. Finally, the interaction between water and energy in this network seems to be paying particular attention.Design/methodology/approachRapid population growth and urban development, and the constraints of water supply have become one of the crucial challenges around the world in the 21st century. Hence, the use of refined urban wastewater is increasing in many countries as an alternative source of water. In this regard, the rehabilitation of urban wastewater recycling and reuse has been proposed as one of the most suitable solutions for urban water management. Hence, in this paper, a mathematical model is formulated to design the simultaneous marketing of the urban water distribution network and wastewater treatment (including).FindingsIt seeks to ensure that energy is supplied through chemical methods to ensure that the system's energy dependence is on the national electricity grid. And in order to validate the model, a case study has been studied. By analyzing the results, it can be concluded that the upgrading of sewage treatment plants to replace underground water and water from nearby dams in household, agricultural and industrial applications will have positive environmental and economic impacts. One of the notable environmental impacts is the decline in groundwater and water scarcity in the coming years.Originality/valueThe summary of contributions is presented follow as: design and planning of water and urban wastewater integrated network; sustainable selection of facility location for the water treatment; capability selecting different treatment technologies in simultaneous design water and urban sewage supply chain; managing water leak in the network; proposed a water–energy nexus model in simultaneous design water and urban sewage supply chain; studying the feasibility of construction of power plants from biogas, the resulting of anaerobic digestion in treatment centers.

Implementation and Qualitative Evaluation of a Primary Care Redesign Model with Expanded Scope of Work for Medical Assistants.

Implementation of primary care models involving expanded scope of work and redesigned workflows for medical assistants (MAs) as primary care team members can be challenging. Implementation strategies and participatory evaluation informed by implementation science frameworks may inform organizational decisions about model scale-up and sustainment. This paper reports implementation strategies and qualitative evaluation of a primary care redesign (PCR) model implementation that included an expanded scope of work for MAs. Qualitative evaluation of implementation strategies and clinician and staff experience with implementation of PCR using semi-structured key informant interviews. The evaluation was guided by the RE-AIM framework and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Sixty-nine clinicians, staff, practice leaders, and administrators from 7 primary care practices (4 general internal medicine, 3 family medicine) implementing PCR. The PCR model included enhanced rooming and documentation support. The health system used multiple strategies to implement PCR, including rapid improvement events, changing clinic space configurations, developing electronic health record templates and performance dashboards, and practice coaching. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and the RE-AIM evaluation and planning framework guided development of semi-structured interview guides. A deductive, structural coding approach was used for analysis. PCR implementation was facilitated by clear communication about the intervention source, mechanisms for feedback about model goals, and physical environments and electronic health record (EHR) systems that supported the added staff and modified clinic workflow. Clinicians and staff benefited from the ability to see the model in action prior to go-live and opportunities for consistent provider-MA pairings. The PCR model can support achieving the Quadruple Aim when fully implemented with paired MAs and clinicians who are well prepared to follow redesigned workflows and function as a team. Implementation can be effectively supported by a participatory evaluation guided by implementation science frameworks.

Product redesign considering the sensitivity of customer satisfaction

Abstract Redesign is a widespread strategy for product improvement whose essence is the optimization of design parameters (DPs) considering the trade-off between customer satisfaction and cost concerns. Similar to the relation between customer requirements (CRs) and customer satisfaction, the sensitivity of customer satisfaction is diverse to different DPs. In this study, a sensitivity-enhanced customer satisfaction function is defined for redesign model construction. This fills the research gap in product redesign that lacking of consideration and quantification of customer satisfaction sensitivity. First, a sensitivity index is defined based on Kano indices for analyzing sensitivity of customer satisfaction in different DP categories. Second, traditional customer satisfaction function has been improved by injecting the sensitivity of customer satisfaction to the variations of DPs. Subsequently, a DP optimization model is established to maximize shared surplus between customers and enterprise. Finally, a case study involving the redesign of a braking system of automobile is implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed approach. The results show that the improved customer satisfaction function can reflect a more nuanced relationship between customer satisfaction and fulfilment level of DPs. Additionally, the proposed redesign model helps designers determine the target values of DPs under a better trade-off and enhances enterprise competitiveness.