Red June Research Articles

Effect of Spraying with Nutrition Solution and Organic Fertilizer in Some Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Peach Seedlings Cv. Red June.

This study was conducted in Iraq / Baghdad Al-Yusufiya for the season 2019 to study the effect of spraying with Nutrition Solution and organic Fertilizer in some vegetative growth characteristics of peach seedlings. The nutrient spray (F) was used with four concentrations (F0) 0, (F1) 1.5, (F2) 3, (F3) 4.5ml.l−1 and organic fertilizer spraying (B) with four concentrations (B0) 0, (B1) 3, (B2) 4, (B3) 5 ml.l−1. The results showed that F3 recorded the higher value of plant height, leaves area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen(%), phosphorus(%), potassium(%), and carbohydrate, nitrogen and C/N ratio which gave 34.86 cm, 3819 cm2, 256.4 mg.100g−1fresh weight, 1.73%, 0.53%, 2.74%, 2.73%, 28.34% and 10.35% respectively. likewise, spraying, treatment (B3) exceeded the rate of increase in plant height, leaves area, chlorophyll content, nitrogen(%), phosphorus(%), potassium(%), carbohydrates, nitrogen and C/N ratio was 32.06 cm, 34.10 cm2, 254.5 mg.100g−1fresh weight, 1.52%, 0.45%, 2.10%, 2.52%, 23.12% and 9.08% respectively. As for the interaction between the studied factors (F3B3) achieved the highest value in plant height leaves area chlorophyll content, nitrogen(%), phosphorus(%), potassium(%),carbohydrates and nitrogen which gave 37.31 cm, 43.72 cm2,277.4 mg.100g−1fresh weight, 1.87% 0.58%, 2.99%, 2.88% and 29.56% respectively.

EFFECT OF NITROGEN, ROOT STIMULATOR, AND GIBBERELLIC ACID ON A SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PEACH SAPLINGS

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer, organic root stimulator and gibberellic acid on some growth characters of peach saplings cv. Red June for two consecutive seasons 2017-2018 at College of Agricultural Engineering Science, University of Baghdad. Different nitrogen (Urea 46%N) rates (0,50,75 gm) with three concentrations of organic stimulator (0,0.5,1 gm.L-1) and two rates of Ga3 (0,50 mg.L-1) were applied in a factorial scheme (3×3×2). Results revealed that the individual and interactive effect of applying nitrogen, root stimulator and GA3 significantly increased the studied characters, the interaction at N2D1G1 has improved the leaf dry weight (42.00%), shoot dry weight (61.33 %), Relative water content (RWC) (60.00%), N (2.68%), P (0.414%) and K (1.94 %) for season 2017, while the treatment N2D2G1 had the highest values at leaf dry weight (46.00 %), shoot dry weight (64.00%), RWC (74.00%) and leaf content of N (2.39%), P (0.56%), and K (1.99%) for season 2018.

Effect of different nitrogen levels through neem coated urea and calcium sprays on growth and yield of peach cv. Red June

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of different nitrogen levels through neem coated urea and calcium sprays on growth and yield of peach cv. Red June at Krishi Vigyan Kendra Almora, Uttarakhand during two consecutive years i.e., 2016 and 2017. Experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments viz., 375 g N per tree + 0.5% CaCl2 (T1), 375 g N tree−1 + 1.0% CaCl2 (T2), 375 g N tree−1 + 1.5% CaCl2 (T3), 500 g N tree−1 + 0.5% CaCl2 (T4), 500 g N tree−1 + 1.0% CaCl2 (T5), 500 g N tree−1 + 1.5% CaCl2 (T6), 625 g N tree−1 + 0.5% CaCl2 (T7), 625 g N tree−1 + 1.0% CaCl2 (T8), 625 g N tree−1 + 1.5% CaCl2 (T9) and 500g N tree−1 + water spray (T10 control). The findings revealed that maximum annual shoot growth extension, increase in trunk girth and weight of pruning wood were measured under T8. The highest fruit yield was obtained under T5 (23.92 kg tree−1 in 2016, 24.64 kg tree−1 in 2017) and statistically it was at par to T2 and T6 in first year and T2, T3 and T6 in second year.

Response of fruit thinning on yield and quality of peach cv. Red June

The present experiment was laid out to study the response of fruit thinning on yield and quality of peach cv. Red June. Treatments consisted of foliar sprays of NAA (25, 50 and 75 ppm), ethrel (100, 200 and 300 ppm), thidiazuron (10, 20 and 30 ppm) at two weeks after petal fall and hand thinning of fruits to the intensity of 10, 20 and 30% at pea stage and unthinned control. Foliar spray of ethrel @ 300 ppm significantly increased the fruit thinning (29.05%), whereas, tree sprayed with NAA @ 75 ppm resulted in least fruit drop (5.87%). Different thinning treatments resulted in decreased yield as compared to control in which highest fruit yield was recorded (15.21 kg/tree). The maximum fruit weight, fruit length, fruit breadth, fruit volume, pulp to stone ratio, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, total sugar and reducing sugar with minimum fruit firmness and titratable acidity were recorded in fruits harvested from the trees sprayed with ethrel @ 300 ppm followed by ethrel @ 200 ppm. Therefore, it can be concluded that ethrel @ 300 ppm was found as most effective chemical thinner when applied two weeks after petal fall in peach cv. Red June as it produces superior quality fruits.

Comparative physico-chemical properties of fresh and gummosis affected peach (Prunus persica) var. red June grown in Uttarakhand

Comparative Physico-Chemical Properties of Fresh and Gummosis Affected Peach (Prunus persica) var. Red June Grown in Uttarakhand

EFFECTS OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND GROWTH PROMOTER BIOZYME ON GROWTH OF WOLLY PEACH "RED JUNE" 2- leaves nutrients concentrations

A Factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Block Design was coducted during 2014, 2015 on wolly peach seedlings C.V Red June, which grafted on the seeded apricot , at the Dept. of Horticulture – Coll. Of Agric. – Univ. of Baghdad. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of foliar application The seedlings were sprayed with four levels of organic fertilizer Botryfun is 0, 3, 4 and 5( Ml.ltr-1) for each level by the symbol F0, F1, F2 and F3 respectively, growth prpmoter Biozyme three levels are 0, 2 and 4(Ml.ltr-1) are indicated G which is G0, G1 and G2 respectively, recorded most of the treatment were significant differences for the control, were the highest values of organic fertilizer in the treatment of F3 to all the elements reaching nitrogen 1.10 and 1.57 %, phosphorus 0.37 and 0.64%, potassium 2.16 and 2.66 %, iron 244.89 and 245.11 ppm, manganese 64.60 and 73.67 ppm, and zinc 105.33 and 128.67 ppm for two seasons respectively. And gave a growth promoter at the third focus G2 highest rates in the stock content from the elements, as it gave the nitrogen 1.10 and 1.54%, phosphorus 0.37 and 0.49%, potassium 2.01 and 2.57%, manganese 61.33 and 72.67 ppm, and zinc 100.00 and 127.67 ppm, except iron of both seasons. When overlap outperformed many treatment morally for the control were treated overlap G2F3 with the highest value for all nutrients studied, which amounted to 1.12 and 1.70% nitrogen, 0.43 and 0.50.% Phosphorus, 2.22 and 2.78% potassium, 241.67 and 242.00 ppm iron , 68.00 and 86.67 ppm, manganese 121.67 and 132.00 ppm zinc. while the control recorded lower values and all the nutrients studied.

EFFECTS OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND GROWTH PROMOTER BIOZYME ON GROWTH OF WOLLY PEACH "RED JUNE" 1- VEGETATIVE GROWTH

A Field experiment was conducted using Factorial within Randomized Complete Block Design during 2014 and 2015 on the wolly peach seedlings cv Red June, which grafted on the seeded apricot, at the Dept. of Horticulture – Coll. Of Agric. – Univ. of Baghdad. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of foliar application on organic fertilizer and growth promoter biozyme on growth of wolly peach. The tveatments were organic Fertilizer (Botryfun) (F) with 0, 3, 4 , 5 ( Ml.ltr -1) and biozyme (G) 0 , 2 , 4 ( Ml.ltr -1). The results revealed that the plants foliared by organic fertilizer F4 produced significantly highest values for all the studied traits. Plant hight iricveased 17.6, 35.5 cm, new branches lenyht 56.0, 14.4 cm. no. of vegetative branches 11.5, 29.2, diameter of main stem increased 0.85, 1.13cm, single leaf area 42.0, 39.8 cm2 , no of leaves 517.3, 771.7, leaves dry matter % , 36.8, 41.6, for two years respectively. The biozyme G2 increased plant height 15.8 and 35.6 cm, new vegetative branches 53.9, 62.8 cm, new vegetative branches 10.1, 31.6, stem diameter 0.78, 1.14 cm, single leaf area 37.3, 41.0 cm2 , no. of leaves 431.9, 825.0, leaves dry matter % 37.2, 41.3, for two years, respectively.

Varietal performance in physico-chemical properties of peach (<italic>Prunus persica</italic>) grown in Uttarakhand, India

In this study, the varietal performance in respect of the quality and good yield in Kumaun region at the time of growing areas were evaluated. The varieties are F-16-23, Florda king, Nectarine, Red June. The results were pertaining to their highest fruit length (68.50 mm), fruit breadth (71.38 mm), fruit weight (186.11 g) found in T4 Red June and fruit firmness (8.74 lb/in<sup>2</sup>) found in T3-Nectarine. The acidity (1.66 %), ascorbic acid (440 mg/100 g), reducing sugar (19.77 %) and total sugar (51.73 %) found in T4- Red June, T-2 Florda King, T-3 Nectarine. The study revealed that the size and yield good in Red June and the nutritional value was higher in Florda King and Nectarine peach.

Effect of different pruning levels on fruit yield and quality of promising peach [Prunus persica(L.) Batsch] cultivars

Pruning plays an important role in growth and productivity of temperate fruits in general and peach in particular. To study the response of various pruning severity on yield and physico-chemical traits, five pruning intensities, viz., Control (no pruning), 10%, 25%, 50% and 75% pruning levels of current season's growth were excised with 3 replications on three cultivars i.e. ‘Red June’, ‘Elberta’ and ‘Early White Giant’ in Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) during 2009–10 and 2010–11. As the severity in pruning was increased, the physico-chemical traits like fruit weight, volume, size, pulp weight, stone weight, stone: pulp ratio, T.S.S., acidity and sugar contents were increased. There was also a decreasing pattern in yield and acidity which decreased according to the increase in the pruning intensity.

Molecular Characterization of Apple Cultivars in Japan by S-RNase Analysis and SSR Markers

We examined the genetic diversity and relatedness among apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) cultivars in Japan. The 42 apple cultivars, including major cultivars in Japan, were divided into five groups based on SSR genotypes. Most economically important cultivars belong in three groups: Fuji-Delicious, Golden Delicious, and Jonathan groups, and their genetic backgrounds seemed to be narrow. We also investigated the parent-offspring relationships of nine apple cultivars. `Jonathan', `Fuji', and `Rero 11' were identified as the respective paternal parents of three cultivars described as having unknown paternal parents (i.e., `Akagi', `Ambitious', and `Hokuto'). `Starking Delicious', `Senshu', and `Golden Delicious', rather than `Ralls Janet', `Hatsuaki', and `Indo', seemed to be the paternal parents of `Kinsei', `Kiou', and `Mellow', respectively. `Carolina Red June' was excluded as a paternal parent of `Ranzan'. Both attributed parents of `Scarlet' (`Akane' and `Starking Delicious') were excluded, and it was suggested that `Fuji' was used as either a maternal or a paternal parent of `Scarlet'. `Jonathan' rather than `McIntosh' seems to be a maternal parent of `Yukari'.

CONNECTION BETWEEN THE DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE AND THE COLD HARDINESS OF PEACH CULTIVARS

The frost tolerance of 12 peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) varieties was determined in artificial freezing tests, while the developmental rate was examined through microscopic study of microsporogenesis. The frost tolerance of flower buds continuously increased from autumn till December, then started to decrease. There was a high correlation between the rate of microsporogenesis and the change of cold hardiness of the flower buds during winter. The slower the rate of microsporogenesis the better the cold hardiness of a variety. 'Piroska', a native Hungarian variety had slow microsporogenesis and the best frost tolerance. Of the foreign varieties, the frost tolerance of 'Champion' was the best. In addition 'Early Redhaven', 'Harko', 'Redhaven' and 'Babygold 6' possessed a suitable level of frost tolerance. The floral bud developmental rate was quick for the varieties 'Fairlane', 'Red June' and 'Michelini', which was paralleled by quick decrease of their frost tolerance in the second half of winter. 'Venus', 'Springcrest' and 'Mayfire' are not recommended for Hungary, due to their poor frost tolerance.

Microsporogenesis of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) varieties

Bud dormancy during winter is a critical factor in peach production in Hungary. The yield is determined basically by the survival rate of flower buds during winter frosts and by their ability to develop normal floral organs. It is important to investigate the genetic basis of slow floral development during dormancy for the purpose of breeding peach varieties with better winter hardiness. The aim of the present research was to examine microsporogenesis in 14 peach varieties during three successive winters in a Hungarian germplasm collection and to study the effectiveness of this method in variety evaluation. There were significant differences in the dynamics of microsporogenesis both between the varieties and between the years. Of the varieties, ‘Mayfire', bred in California, possessed the quickest pollen development rate. The microsporogenesis of `Piroska', a Hungarian local variety, was the slowest. Rapid floral bud development was observed in `Aranycsillag', `Springcrest' and 'Venus'. A medium developmental rate was characteristic of `Babygold 6', Fairlane', `Michelini' and `Red June', while development was slow in 'Champion', 'Early Redhaven', `Redhaven', `Harko' and `Mariska'. Based on these results, the study of microsporogenesis represents a reliable method for the phenological description of peach varieties during dormancy. The application of this method makes it possible to identify varieties and landraces with slow flower bud development, suggesting better winter hardiness.

Seasonal dynamics and recruitment strategies of the invasive seaweed Grateloupia doryphora (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) in Narragansett Bay and Rhode Island Sound, Rhode Island, USA

Although there is considerable interest in the introduction and spread of invasive species, there has been little research documenting growth patterns of a specific organism from the time of its first arrival. This paper addresses the seasonality and recruitment of Grateloupia doryphora, a large red algal species that arrived in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA, in 1994. From 1997 to 1999 inclusive, this species exhibited a distinct seasonal pattern, with the lowest percent cover occurring in May–June and the highest percent cover in October. This timing of low and high percent cover was observed concurrently at three stations over a two-year period. Percent cover was a function of blade size and numbers. New blades appeared year-round. In addition to percent cover, blade colour changed seasonally from light red (June–August) to dark burgundy (August–January) to yellow red (February–May). Strategies for recruitment of G. doryphora were observed in the field, on both natural and artificial substrata (fixed plastic plates coated with sand), and in culture. Recruitment on sand-coated plates in Narragansett Bay and Rhode Island Sound resulted from spore settlement and subsequent crust and blade development. On a single plate, hundreds of juvenile upright blades appeared in May–June 1999, and the largest blades grew to 25 cm long by August. In addition to recruitment on plates, crusts appeared on bare rock, and new blades arose from crusts and from proliferations of older blades. Laboratory cultures clarified the developmental sequence from spore to crust to blade and/or upright filaments to new crusts and new blades. The crustose form may provide a strategy for survival during unfavourable environmental conditions, enabling G. doryphora to establish residency in Rhode Island waters. The effect of this invasive species on other organisms has yet to be determined.

Studies on the Virus Diseases of Stone Fruit

Natural infection of plum line pattern virus was found on plum varieties Methley, Burbank, Red June, White plum, Beauty, Santa Rosa and Ooishi-wase, prune variety Hungarian and flowering cherry varieties Someiyoshino, Ranzan, Ruiran and Kwanzan.Plum line pattern virus was transmitted by budding from the diseased trees of plum and flowering cherry to seedlings of peach, plum, apricot, Japanese apricot, cherry and flowering cherry.The leaves of naturally infected trees of plum and flowering cherry showed typical yellow line pattern, yellow vein net and chlorotic ring or spot. In the case of artificial inoculation the seedlings of peach, apricot, cherry and flowering cherry showed line pattern mainly, but Japanese apricot seedlings showed line pattern, vein net as well as severe stunting.One mechanically transmissible virus was isolated from the peach seedlings inoculated with plum line pattern. This virus induced chlorotic local lesion on the inoculated leaves of cucumber, but it did not cause any symptoms on Catjang, petunia, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. megalosiphon, Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa which have been reported as hosts of plum line pattern virus by Fulton and Kirkpatrick et al.Methley isolate of plum line pattern virus and one isolate of apple mosaic virus caused same line pattern symptoms on Chaenomeles japonica. The former affected the seedlings of peach but not apple, and the later affected the seedlings of apple but not peach.