Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract Research Articles

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI SEDIAAN SERUM WAJAH EKSTRAK ETANOL KOMBINASI DARI EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantiifolia) DAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

Background: The skin of the key orange (Citrus aurantiifolia) contains kuersetin, miristin, routinely, tangerine, naringin and hesperine, while the skin of the red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) contains betaalanin, anthocyanin, vitamin a, vitamin a, vitamin e, turnioid, flavonoid, tiamin, niacin, piridoine, kobalamin, carotene, and fitoalbumin. The research was intended to formulate it in a availability of facial serum and then evaluate its quality formula for a better facial serum from 16-4954-1998. Methods : This method of research is experimental in the laboratory by making 4 formulas consisting of F1 as serum bases, F2 ratio EKJN and EKBNM (1:1), F3 ratio EKJN and EKBNM (1:2) ,F4 ratio EKJN and EKBNM (2:1).Results : The results of all the formulas for existing existing face-serum EKJN ethanol and EKBNM viscers show a clear, clear, yellowish color, a gel-based, characteristic and homogenous odor. pH and viscosity scores on each condensed formula. No irritation test on the formula showed irritation to the skin.Conclusion : Based on this, it can be concluded that the combined ethanol extract of lime peel extract and red dragon fruit peel extract can be formulated into a facial serum cosmetic preparation and meets the quality requirements according to SNI.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI PELARUT TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SEDIAAN SERUM EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus Polyrhizus)

The skin of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) contains active substances that are useful for extracting in making natural serums. Antioxidants, one of the important compounds in serum that can protect the skin and capture free radicals. This study aims to prove the presence of antioxidants in serum made from red dragon fruit peel extract, and to compare the effect of using 70% and 96% ethanol solvents on the physical properties and antioxidant activity of the serum. The extraction method used was maceration extraction, by testing the flavonoid content and free ethanol content in the extract. The physical properties of the serum were tested including organoleptics, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability and stickiness. Meanwhile, antioxidant activity was tested using the UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. The research results show that red dragon fruit peel extract contains flavonoids with orange and red colors, and does not have an ester odor. Serum preparations from 70% and 96% ethanol extracts have semisolid form, characteristic odor, color differences, pH 5, homogeneous, with viscosities of 464 cPs and 341 cPs respectively. The spreadability of the serum is 7.1 cm and 9.7 cm, while the adhesive power is 0.88 and 0.93. The serum antioxidant activity of 70% and 96% ethanol extracts was 39.59 µg/mL and 45.87 µg/mL. The 70% ethanol extract serum meets the standard physical properties of serum and has stronger antioxidant activity compared to the 96% ethanol extract serum, indicated by the lower IC50 value. Flavonoids, as antioxidant compounds, have various types and different polarities depending on the position and number of hydroxyl groups.

Effectiveness of Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract as an Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for API 5L Steel

The development of organic or natural inhibitors is essential due to their cost-effectiveness and eco-friendliness. In this study, an organic inhibitor derived from red dragon fruit peel waste is employed. The material of interest is heat-treated API 5L Grade B steel. The research assesses the inhibitor’s efficiency in corrosive environments, namely 3.5‰ NaCl solution and pH 3 HCl solution, with varying inhibitor concentrations (5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, 20 ppm). Using Tafel analysis and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), it is found that the addition of red dragon fruit peel extract substantially reduces the corrosion rate. The highest efficiency is observed in the 3.5‰ NaCl solution (62.4%) and pH 3 HCl solution (87.73%), accompanied by charge transfer resistances of 2.47 x 106 Ω and 1.79 x 103 Ω, respectively. Immersion tests reveal corrosion products, subsequently examined using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to identify lepidocrocite phases in the 3.5‰ NaCl solution and magnetite phases in the pH 3 HCl solution. This research supports the development of environmentally friendly and effective natural corrosion inhibitors for protecting steel materials in corrosive conditions.

ANTI-AGING PEEL-OFF MASK OF DRAGON FRUIT PEEL EXTRACT (HYLOCEREUS POLYRHIZUS)

Antioxidants can be used to protect the skin from damage caused by oxidation to prevent premature aging. The more increasing consumption level of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) affects the amount of unused remaining fruit peels. In fact, the peel of red dragon fruit is considerably potential for natural antioxidant. Pitaya or dragon fruit is reported to contain betacyanin color pigment, with antioxidant activity. The use of cosmetics containing antioxidant compounds can prevent premature aging due to free radicals. One of the interesting forms of cosmetic preparations for skin care is the peel-off gel mask. The base that can be used as a film former for peel-off gel facial masks is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of red dragon fruit peel extract peel-off masks as anti-aging. Anti-aging effectiveness testing was carried out on 10 volunteers and divided into two groups, namely the blank group (F0) and the extract group (FIII) for four weeks, and anti-aging activity was measured using a skin analyzer). Based on the results and discussions in this study, it can be concluded that the application of a peel-off mask of red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is effective for repairing the skin and providing an anti-aging effect.

Physical Properties Investigation on Sunscreens with Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract

Red dragon fruit peel extract is reported as an active ingredient in sunscreen because of its ability to protect the skin. UV exposure to the skin can cause reddish skin to develop skin cancer. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the cream made from ZnO and red dragon fruit peel extracts (Hylocereus costaricensis), such as sun protection factor (SPF), pH, stability, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. Red dragon fruit peel extract was obtained by maceration using methanol, and DPPH-scavenging activity resulted in an IC50 of 0.96 μg/mL. Measurement of diffuse UV-vis reflectance shows that ZnO has absorption at λex 385 nm, which correlates with a bandgap energy of 3.22 eV. F1 formulation cream (red dragon fruit peel extract and ZnO ratio of 0:1) has the highest SPF value of 17. The Kruskal-Wallis test shows that there is a significant difference in adhesion between the F1 formulation cream with F2 (p-value = 0.002) and F4 (p-value = 0.03).

Antiviral activity and Hepatoprotection of Hylocereuspolyrhizus peel extract

Degenerative diseases of the liver cause cirrhosis and liver cancer morbidity and lead to death. Efforts to prevent a person’s condition with disorders of the liver through antiviral and hepatoprotective agents are necessary to suppress the progression of liver disease through materials that have the potential as anti-degenerative. Dragon fruit extract which is one of the tropical fruits included in the Cactaceae tribe; can increase phagocytosis, the number of cells, and the total number of leukocytes and affect the relative weight of the spleen. Currently, there has been no scientific publication on the antihepatitic activity of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereuspolyrhizus) and prototype preparation products for standardized herbs. The long-term goal of the research is to determine the anti-degenerative potential of red dragon fruit peel extract through its hepatoprotective and antiviral properties, safety, and standardization of the extract into a standardized herbal medicine. The research method was The Randomize Posttest-only Control Group Design using 25 male rats which were divided into 5 groups. The outcome recognized a good hepatoprotection activity from red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereuspolyrhizus) as indicated by decreased levels of SGPT and SGOT, and histopathological observation, but rather weak activity on HCV (Hepatitis C Virus). Based on the results of reading the SGPT and SGOT analysis data, it can be concluded that the effective dose to provide a hepatoprotective effect is a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight.

Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus lemairei) as an Alternative Dye in Worm Egg Staining

Helminthiasis is still a problem in Indonesia, and worm infections often occur without symptoms, so the disease receives less attention. Identification can be done by several methods, one of which is by direct examination using 2% eosin dye. However, 2% eosin dye is included in synthetic dyes that can harm ul to health. The alternative used is to utilize natural ingredients. Red dragon fruit Hylocereus lemairei is a natural material that contains anthocyanin substances where in an acidic atmosphere anthocyanin substances provide a red colour so that it can be used as an alternative dye to replace eosin. The aim of this study was to determine the microscopic picture of worm egg preparations using alternative dyes of red dragon fruit peel extract. The research method used is an experimental method. The results showed that the red dragon fruit peel extract dye with a concentration variation of 2%, 5%, and 10% did not colour the worm eggs. So the red dragon fruit peel extract dye is still not optimal for use as an alternative dye for coloring worm eggs.

Pengaruh Penambahan Dekstrin dan Kulit Buah Naga Merah terhadap Karakteristik Fisiko Kimia dan Organoleptik Serbuk Mangga Gadung Klonal 21

Mango Gadung Clonal 21 (Mangifera indica L.) is the result of crossbreeding between Gadung Mango and Arumanis, acknowledged as a native fruit of Pasuruan Regency. However, the sales of this fruit decline during the peak harvest season, causing difficulties for farmers in processing ripe fruit. Therefore, technology is needed to enhance shelf life and create innovative products using Mango Gadung Clonal 21 (Mangifera indica L.) as the base ingredient, with the addition of antioxidants from red dragon fruit peel. The aim of this research is to assess the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics and identify the best combination of adding dextrin and red dragon fruit peel to Mango Gadung Clonal 21 (Mangifera indica L.) powder. This study employed a randomized block design with two main factors: the addition of red dragon fruit peel extract (M) with 2 levels (15 grams and 20 grams) and the addition of dextrin (D) with 3 levels (15 grams, 20 grams, and 25 grams). The study was repeated three times, resulting in a total of 18 treatments. Analysis encompassed antioxidant activity, water content, solubility, as well as organoleptic evaluations of color, aroma, taste, and texture. The best results were observed in the M1D3 treatment (15 grams of red dragon fruit peel and 25 grams of dextrin), with an antioxidant activity of 58.96 mg/ml, water content of 9.15%, solubility of 79.31%, color rating of 3.56 (liked), taste rating of 3.8 (liked), aroma rating of 3.04 (somewhat liked), and texture rating of 3.76 (liked). Keywords: Antioxidant, Clonal 21 gadung mango, Dextrin, Red dragon fruit skin

FORMULASI GEL EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH SEBAGAI TABIR SURYA

Sunscreen is a preparation that contains chemical compounds that can absorb, scatter or reflect sunlight that hits the skin so that it can be used to protect the function and structure of human skin from damage caused by sunlight. In the field of pharmacology, dragon fruit peel can be used as an antioxidant or free radical scavenger. This study aims to determine the SPF value of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus lemairei (Hook) Britton & Roose) peel extract and gel at concentrations of 30%, 50% and 70%. This research is a quantitative descriptive analysis. Red dragon fruit peel extract was tested using the Uv-Vis spectrophotometry method. The results showed that the SPF value of the red dragon skin extract was 13.0225; the SPF value of red dragon fruit peel extract gel at concentrations of 30%, 50%, and 70% were 5.1557; 8.5413; and 6.8113. Where the extract from the red dragon fruit skin has good potential if used as an active ingredient in gel preparations to protect against ultraviolet light because each concentration has an SPF value with the category of extra sunscreen protection (6-8) and maximum protection (8-15).

Media Design "Detector Marker" based on STEM with Dragon Fruit Peel Extract for Detectionof Formaldehyde Additives at School in Agroecosystem Zone

The use of prohibited food additives such as formalin is still often found, especially in the school environment. In fact, based on the 2012 Minister of Health Regulation No. 033, formalin is prohibited as a food additive. This phenomenon requires people to be quite observant in choosing food tools. In addition, many people think that the formalin content test can only be done through the laboratory, the formalin test can also be done by a simple reagent containing anthocyanin on dragon fruit skin. So, the researchers designed a simple STEAM-based media with a natural formaldehyde-detecting ingredient, namely red dragon fruit peel extract. This design is divided into two parts, namely the design of simple steam-based media and the manufacture of natural dragon fruit peel extract to detect the content of formaldehyde additives in food. The design was carried out by Grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 6 Jember. The final tool produced is a detector marker.

Antibacterial effect of a gingival patch containing nano-emulsion of red dragon fruit peel extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum assessed in vitro.

The most common bacteria causing periodontitis were Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. At present, plants are considered a valuable source of natural materials for use in the development of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents. Hylocereus plyrhizus or red dragon fruit peel extract (RDFPE) contains terpenoids, and flavonoids can be an alternative. The gingival patch (GP) has been designed to ensure drug delivery and absorption into tissue targets. To assess the effect of a mucoadhesive gingival patch containing nano-emulsion of red dragon fruit peel extract (GP-nRDFPE) in inhibiting Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans as compared to control groups. Inhibition by diffusion method was carried out in Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans medium. The test material was gingival patch mucoadhesive containing nano-emulsion red dragon fruit peel extract (GP-nRDFPR), gingival patch mucoadhesive containing red dragon fruit peel extract (GP-RDFPE), gingival patch mucoadhesive containing doxycycline (GP-dcx) and blank gingival patch (GP), conducted in four replications. The differences in the inhibition were analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc tests (p<0.05). GP-nRDFPE showed higher inhibition in Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Fusobacterium nucleatum compared to GP-RDFPE at the concentrations 3.125% and 6.25% (p<0.05). The GP-nRDFPE showed better anti-periodontic bacteria to Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in line with its concentration. This is assumed that the GP-nRDFPE can use as periodontitis treatment.

The Influence of Oral Administration of Red Dragon Fruit Peels Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on Increasing High Density Lipoprotein in Male White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Hypercholesterolemia

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most common diseases in the world, with cholesterol levels exceeding normal levels. Hypercholesterolemia can cause various systemic disorders in the body. One of the signs is by decreasing HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol levels. Dragon fruit peel contains many ingredients, such as vitamin B3 (niacin), vitamin C, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and other minerals that can affect the increase in HDL production and reduce total cholesterol levels. Purpose: To know the effect of red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus)on increasing levels of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) in male rats (Rattus norvegicus) hypercholesterolemia. Methods: Male rats were made hypercholesterolemic using a mixture of lard (3 ml) and egg yolk (1 g) for 14 days orally. 20 hypercholesterolemic male rats were further divided into 5 treatment groups and given dragon fruit peel extract therapy with different treatments, namely T0 negative control (CMC-Na 1% + aquadest), T1 positive control (Simvastatin 0.0013 mg/200 g BW), T2, T3 and T4 (each 100, 150, 200 mg/kg BW red dragon fruit peel extract) for 14 days orally. Blood serum was taken on day 36 and tested in the laboratory using a chemical analyzer machine; then the data were analyzed using the univariant multiple way one-way ANOVA statistical test with a significant difference (p&gt;0.05). Results: The P4 treatment group has an effective dose (200 mg/kg BW) to increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, while the P3 treatment group (dose 150 mg/kg BW) is less effective but can still have an effect. Conclusion: This research showed that red dragon fruit peel extract could increase HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol levels with an effective 200 mg/kg BW dose.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel on Male White Rat

Background: The side effects of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs have become a known problem in medicine as well as in the general public. These side effects problems drive patients to seek alternatives to common anti-inflammatory drugs, especially natural alternatives. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and many different others have been identified as potential anti-inflammatory agents. Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is one source of such phytochemicals. Whilst the consumption of the flesh of red dragon fruit is very common, utilization of the peel is very rare and often becomes waste. Objective: This study aimed to explore the potential of red dragon fruit peel as an anti-inflammatory agent. Methods: This experimental study with a control group post-test-only design. This study involved in-vitro (protein denaturation inhibition using bovine serum albumin) and in-vivo (carrageenan-induced inflammation on an air-pouch model on 25 white rats) experiment. Results: This study showed that the red dragon fruit peel extract contains flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, and tannin compounds. Administration of red dragon fruit peel extract suspension was found to be effective at inhibiting protein denaturation and reducing white blood count in the inflammation exudates, and the effectiveness is increasing along with the dose. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the red dragon fruit peel extract was effective as an anti-inflammatory agent, especially at a higher dose.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizuz) DALAM MENGHAMBAT DEGRANULASI SEL MAST DAN MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN YANG TERSENSITISASI AKTIF

Type I hypersensitivity reactions, also known as allergic reactions or anaphylactic reactions. The mechanism of anaphylaxis involves the release of mediators from mediator cells. The degranulation of mast cells and basophils causes an exaggerated immune response and causes the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis. Red dragon fruit peel contains secondary metabolites such as triterpenoid flavonoids and steroids. This study was an in vitro study of the ethanol extract of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizuz) on the mast cells of male white mice induced by antigen. Five variations of the concentration used are 25; 50; 100; 200; 400 µg/mL. The percentage of mast cell degranulation by red dragon fruit peel extract at concentrations of 25; 50; 100; 200 dan 400 µg/mL is 75.27; 69.05; 64.04, 56.61; 45.17; dan 27.88%. There Red dragon fruit peel extract had a significant effect in inhibiting mast cell degranulation (p&lt;0.05).

The Fortification with Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizuz) Peel Extract Evaporated with Mae Method Towards the Physic-Chemistry Quality of Symbiotic Yoghurt

This study aims at determining the optimum fortification with red dragon fruit peel extract evaporated with MAE method towards the physicchemistry characteristics of symbiotic yogurt. The research object is symbiotic yogurt made of pasteurized fresh milk, red dragon fruit peel extract evaporated with Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) method and evaporated with rotary vacuum evaporator, and yoghurt starter containing lactic acid bacteria: Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (1:1). The study employs an experiment with Complete Random Design in four treatments including without fortification with red dragon fruit peel extract (P0) and with fortification with red dragon fruit peel extract at 10% (P1), 20% (P2), and 30% (P3) (v/v) with three replications. The variables to be analyzed include physical quality (pH, viscosity, syneresis), color (L*, a*, b*) and chemical quality (acid total, lipid and protein level). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If there was a difference, the analysis would be continued using Duncan multiple Range Test. The result indicates that the fortification with red dragon fruit peel extract shows significant differences on the pH level (P&lt;0,05), viscosity (P&lt;0,01), syneresis, color (L*, a*, b*) and chemical quality of symbiotic yoghurt. Fortification with red dragon fruit peel extract reduces the pH level and syneresis while it increases viscosity, total acid and protein level because of the fiber content i. e. pectin which functions as a stabilizer. Moreover, it also decreases the lipid profile and increases the turbidity (L*, b* and a*) values. It is concluded that the optimum fortification of 20% with red dragon fruit peel extract evaporated using MAE method results in symbiotic yoghurt observed from its physic-chemistry quality.

Perbandingan Daya Lekat Pewarna Ekstrak Daging Buah Naga Merah dan Kulit Manggis dengan Disclosing Solution

Dental plaque is a bacterial biofilm structure, neatly organized and attached to the tooth surface, which contains inorganic components such as calcium and phosphorus derived from saliva. Bacteria in plaque that stick to the surface of the teeth will provide a place for new bacteria to grow. Disclosing solution is a plaque coloring agent that works to change the color of dental plaque to contrast with the color of the white tooth surface. Erythrosine is a red coloring agent commonly used for disclosing solutions, but erythrosine is a synthetic dye which is carcinogenic. Anthocyanins are natural dyes that have met the requirements as additional food coloring agents, which are internationally permitted as food coloring agents. This study aims to determine the adhesive power comparison of red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus costaricencis) and mangosteen rind extract (Garcinia mangostana) with a disclosing solution made in manufactured. The research design was an experiment conducted at the Dwi Farma Pharmacy Laboratory in Bukittinggi. The research was conducted in November 2020. This research was conducted on 10 preparations. Analysis of the results of the study used the t test independent with a 95% confidence level and a significance level at α = 0.05. Statistical test results showed that there was a difference in the average length of adhesion between mangosteen rind extract and disclosing solution, between red dragon fruit peel extract and disclosing solution, and between mangosteen rind extract and red dragon fruit peel. A comparison of the duration of adhesion of mangosteen peel extract and red dragon fruit peel extract showed that the average duration of adhesion of mangosteen rind extract was faster than that of red dragon fruit peel extract and factory-made disclosing solution.

Antibacterial Activity of Synbiotic Yoghurt Peel Extract of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Evaporation with Honey

Synbiotic yogurt contains both probiotics and prebiotics. The peel of red dragon fruit contains 10.79% pectin, which can be used as a prebiotic. Red dragon fruit peel synbiotic yoghurt has an unpleasant aftertaste. Honey can enhance the functional properties of dragon fruit peel synbiotic yogurt. Yogurt with the addition of prebiotics can increased the functional properties of probiotic yogurt and increase the viability of bacteria the digestive tract. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of synbiotic yogurt with evaporated red dragon fruit peel extract and honey. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Brawijaya. The research material is 3-month-old male 15 white rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing between 150-180 g and divided into 3 groups, probiotic yoghurt, synbiotic yoghurt with addition of red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) 20% made from 10% skim milk and yoghurt starter containing Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (1:1), and the addition of 2% honey to synbiotic. Animals were given probiotic yogurt (P0), 20% red dragon fruit peel extract synbiotic yogurt (P1), and 20% red dragon fruit peel extract synbiotic yogurt with 2% honey sweetener (P2). The duration of experimenting is 30 days. Afterward, white rats will be dissected and the faeces in the ileum will be taken for testing. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive qualitative. The results showed that P0 did decrease coliform and Enterococcus spp but increase total bacteria, mold and yeast, and Escherichia coli. The addition of evaporated red dragon fruit peel extract in synbiotic yogurt (P1) did decrease total bacteria, coliform, and Enterococcus spp but increase in mold and yeast and Escherichia coli. The addition of honey (P2) did decrease total decrease, mold and yeast, and Enterococcus spp but increase Escherichia coli. The addition of honey to the synbiotic yogurt of red dragon fruit peel extract can affect the total number of bacteria, mold and yeast, coliform, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp.

Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah sebagai Pewarna Alami Minuman Probiotik Sari Buah Sirsak

Background Soursop is one type of fruit with high productivity, but its utilization is relatively less than other fruits. This imbalance causes many soursop fruits to be damaged, so it needs to be processed into functional food in the form of probiotic drinks. Making soursop fruit juice probiotic drink utilizes Lactobacillus plantarum 1 RN2-53 as a starter, but the resulting product has an unattractive color. The addition of red dragon fruit peel extract is expected to provide an attractive color and increase the nutritional value and benefits of probiotic drinks.&#x0D; Research purposes The study aimed to obtain the best red dragon fruit peel-extract concentration as a natural dye for soursop probiotic drinks.&#x0D; Method: The sample used was a soursop probiotic drink with the addition of red dragon fruit peel extract using five different concentration levels, namely 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The Hunter color system method used a colorimeter to conduct the color test.&#x0D; Results and Discussion: Red dragon fruit peel extract with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% significantly affected the microbiological, Physico-chemical, and sensory characteristics of the soursop probiotic drink. Anthocyanin dyes in red dragon fruit peel increase a* value in the color test, the percentage of total titrated acid and total LAB, and decrease the pH value, b* value, and L* value in the color test.&#x0D; Conclusion: The N5 treatment with the addition of 25% (b/b) concentration of red dragon fruit peel extract resulted in a pH value of 3.88, total acid titrated 0.71%, total LAB 9.22 log CFU/ml, color test value L* 24 ,19, color test a* 4.09 and color test b* -2.65.

Emulsion Properties of Synbiotic Yoghurt Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Evaporation with Honey

Synbiotic yogurt is a combination of probiotics and prebiotics. Red dragon fruit peel extract contains 10.79% pectin, which can be used as a prebiotic. Dragon fruit peel synbiotic yogurt produces an unpleasant aftertaste. The addition of honey can improve the functional properties of dragon fruit peel synbiotic yogurt. The purpose of this study was to determine the emulsion of synbiotic yogurt with evaporated red dragon fruit peel extract and honey sweetener. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Brawijaya. The research material is probiotic yoghurt, synbiotic yoghurt with addition of red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) 20% made from 10% skim milk and yoghurt starter containing Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus (1:1), and the addition of 2% honey to synbiotic. The research method was an experimental completely randomized design with treatment T1 = probiotic yoghurt, T2 = synbiotic yoghurt fortified red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel extract 20% and T3 = T2 + 2% honey, with 3 replications (v/v).The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), if the test results showed a difference, then the Duncan test (DMRT) was carried out. The results showed that adding evaporated red dragon fruit peel extract and honey sweetener to synbiotic yogurt did not result in a significant difference (P&gt;0.05) in emulsion stability or yogurt turbidity but did result in a significant difference (P&gt;0.05) in emulsion activity. It was concluded that the evaporation of red dragon fruit peel extract with honey sweetener affected the emulsion properties.

Effect of Antioxidant Activity of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel on Fibroblast Proliferation in the Healing Process of Oral Ulcers in Wistar Rats

The purpose of this study is to understand effect of antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel on fibroblast proliferation in the healing process of oral ulcers in wistar rats. This type of research is a quasi-laboratory experiment with a randomized post test only control group design. This research will be carried out from May to June 2022, including the preparation of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel extract, antioxidant activity tests, making wounds until the time for wound healing, as well as histopathological examination. The population of are wistar rats bred at Eldwin Laboratory is 300 individuals. Based on the calculation, the total sample in this study is 10 multiplied by 3 so there are 30 samples. The data obtained is not normally distributed then the statistical test is continued with kruskal-willis test to determine differences in the effectiveness of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel extract in all groups. The results show that there is an effect of antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel extract on fibroblast proliferation in the healing process of oral ulcers in wistar rats. Keywords: Antioxidant Activity, Red Dragon Fruit, Peel, Fibroblast Proliferation