Red Blood Cell Count Levels Research Articles

Genotype-phenotype correlation analysis of patients with thalassemia in quanzhou city, southeast of China

BackgroundThe carrying rate of thalassemia is high in Quanzhou city. However, there are few large-scale studies on the correlation analysis between genotype and phenotype of thalassemia in Quanzhou. In this study, the genotype and phenotype data of 1076 individuals with thalassemia in Quanzhou city were analyzed to provide reference data for screening and diagnosis of thalassemia in this region. Material and methodsReverse dot blot hybridization (RDB-PCR), Gap-PCR and nested PCR were used to detect the thalassemia genotype. Clinical and hematological parameters of 1076 individuals of thalassemia were collected to analyze the correlation between genotype and phenotype. ResultsAmong 2997 subjects, 1076 cases diagnosed as thalassemia gene carrier or patients, with detection rate 35.9 %, among which Southeast Asian deletion (--SEA)/αα was the most common α-thalassemia genotype (48.4 %) and one rare genotype was detected: HKαα/--SEA (0.1 %). Subjects with thalassemia alone showed the least severe symptoms of anemia with higher red blood cell count (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb), lower red blood cell distribution width (RDW) than those with iron deficiency (ID) or iron overload (IO) (p < 0.05). The Hb, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) levels in gene carriers of α-thalassemia were higher than those of β-thalassemia, while RBC, RDW and serum ferritin (SF) levels were lower than the later(p < 0.05). Among individuals with --SEA/αα, the Hb, MCV, MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and SF levels of subjects≥19 years old were higher than those of ≤18 years old. For cases ≥19 years old, the RBC, Hb and SF levels in male were higher than that in female, while MCHC level was lower than female(p < 0.05). ConclusionThe difference of hematological phenotypes in patients with thalassemia is not only affected by their genotype, but also the influence of gender and age.

A Novel Nutrition-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Predicting Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent global malignancy with substantial morbidity and mortality. Accurate prognostic evaluation is essential in CRC patient management. This study investigates the prognostic significance of red blood cell count (RBC) and Onodera’s prognostic nutritional index (OPNI) in resectable CRC patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of 210 CRC patients undergoing radical resection (January 2015–January 2017) assessed clinical and hematological factors, including RBC, albumin, hemoglobin, and OPNI. A novel comprehensive biomarker, R-OPNI, combining preoperative RBC with OPNI, was introduced. Correlations with patient survival were analyzed, and R-OPNI’s independent prognostic value was assessed through univariate and multivariate Cox models. Predictive ability was compared to other factors using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method. Results Higher RBC levels (≥ 3.9 × 1012/L) and elevated OPNI were associated with significantly improved overall survival. Lower R-OPNI scores (0 or 1) indicated notably poorer survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed R-OPNI’s independent prognostic significance (HR: 0.273, 95% CI: 0.098–0.763, p = 0.013). R-OPNI (AUC = 0.732) demonstrated superior predictive value compared to individual prognostic factors. Conclusion R-OPNI emerges as a robust, independent prognostic predictor for resectable CRC patients, emphasizing the importance of assessing preoperative nutritional status.

The hemostatic activity and Mechanistic roles of glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalate extract (BSCE) from Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb.f. in Inhibiting pulmonary hemorrhage

BackgroundHemorrhagic events cause numerous deaths annually worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for effective hemostatic drugs. The glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalates Control Extract (BSCE) from the orchid plant Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb.f. has demonstrated significant hemostatic activity in both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the effect and mechanism of BSCE on non-traumatic bleeding remain unclear. MethodsPulmonary hemorrhage was induced in 40 Sprague-Dawley rats by administering Zingiber officinale Roscoe. for 14 days. These rats were then randomly divided into five groups: model (Mod), positive control (YNBY), and BSCE low, medium, and high-dose groups. An additional 8 rats served as the control group (Con). The BSCE groups received different doses of BSCE for 10 days, while the YNBY group received Yunnan Baiyao suspension. The effects on body weight, food and water intake, red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), lung tissue pathology, platelet count, coagulation parameters, and fibrinolytic system markers were evaluated. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses were also conducted to identify potential targets and pathways involved in BSCE's effects. ResultsBSCE treatment significantly improved body weight, food intake, and water consumption in rats with pulmonary hemorrhage. RBC and HGB levels increased significantly in the BSCE medium and high-dose groups compared to the Mod group (P < 0.05). Pathological examination revealed that BSCE reduced lung tissue hemorrhage and inflammation, with improvements in alveolar structure. BSCE also positively affected platelet count, thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB) levels, and fibrinolytic markers (D-dimer, PAI-1, and t-PA). Network pharmacology and molecular docking identified key targets such as MMPs, CASPs, and pathways including IL-17 and TNF signaling, suggesting BSCE's involvement in hemostasis and anti-inflammatory processes. ConclusionsBSCE exhibits significant hemostatic and protective effects on Z.officinale-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in rats by improving hematological parameters, reducing lung tissue damage, and modulating the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. The study provides evidence supporting the potential of BSCE as a therapeutic agent for hemorrhagic diseases, with its efficacy linked to multi-target and multi-pathway interactions.

Hematological parameters of sheep and goats fed diets containing various amounts of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes).

A major global barrier to increased animal output is nutrition. The use of aquatic plants, which were previously considered to be waste and needed a lot of labor to eliminate, has recently come to light due to the lack of feed during the dry season in the majority of tropical regions of Africa. The objectives of this study were therefore to see how different dietary Eichhornia crassipise inclusion rates affect the hematological indicators of Ethiopian Doyogena sheep and Woyto-Guji goats. Blood samples were taken from the jugular veins of 12 Doyogena sheep and 12 Woyto-Guji goats in a 2 × 4 randomized crossover design with two animal species, four diets, and four random periods (15 - day adaption period followed by a 7- day experimental diet in each period). The dietary inclusion rates E. crassipise were 0, 25, 50, and 75% that was used as a replacement for commercial concentrate mix diet in the treatment groups. The data was analyzed using the SAS software programme PROC GLM, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated between hematological markers. The hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCHC) results revealed substantial, RDW-SD, and WBC differences between animal species (P < 0.001). Sheep had greater WBC, Hb, RBC, PCV, RDW-SD, and RDW-CV levels, while goats had higher MCH and MCHC values (P < 0.001). For the analyzed hematological measures, the Pearson's correlation coefficient ranged from low to strong in terms of positive and negative associations (P < 0.05). Since all hematological indicators were closer to those of clinically healthy native Ethiopian sheep and goat breeds, feeding water hyacinth to sheep and goats up to a 75% inclusion level in diets without producing sickness may provide a remedy for adverse feed shortages.

THE INFLUENCE OF BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF THE EXTRACORPOREAL OXYGENATOR CIRCUIT ON THE DEGREE OF HEMOLYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF OXYGEN STATUS IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING

Introduction. A distinctive feature of cardiopulmonary bypass in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the significantly longer perfusion time, involving active blood drainage from the vein to the cardiotomy reservoir, which carries the risk of hemolysis development. In this context, mechanical hemolysis disrupts the gas transport function of the blood.&#x0D; The aim of the research. Reducing hemolysis and optimizing oxygen status of patients during minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting surgeries.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study included 60 patients, who underwent minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) under moderate hypothermia. The patients were divided into two groups of 30 individuals each. To improve the biocompatibility of the oxygenator, the circuit in Group 1 (Gr1) was treated with an adaptive composition, while in Group 2 (Gr2), the oxygenator circuit remained untreated. The following parameters were examined: hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), red blood cell count (RBC), oxygen delivery index (DO2I), oxygen consumption index (VO2I), oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER%), oxygen extraction index (O2EI%), venous (SpvO2), and arterial (SpaO2) oxygen saturation, oxygen tension in arterial (PaO2) and venous blood (PvO2), acid-base status of the blood (pH, pCO2,HCO3ˉ, BE), and the degree of hemolysis.&#x0D; Results. Before initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), an insignificant increase in O2IE% was observed in Gr1 (26.07±1.57) and Gr2 (27.11±0.81); p=0.875, indicating an increase in tissue oxygen consumption. At the hypothermic stage CPB, both Gr1 and Gr2 demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in Hb, Ht, and RBC levels (p&lt;0.05) due to hemodilution, accompanied by a decrease in IDO2, IVO2, O2IE%, and O2ER% in both groups due to hypothermia. After rewarming, O2ER% in Gr1 (22.91±2.68) and Gr2 (24.59±2.02); p=0.191, and O2EI% in Gr1 (22.92±2.44) and Gr2 (24.61±2.01); p=0.215, were in the normal range. After weaning off cardiopulmonary bypassin Gr2, O2EI% was 27.34±1.97, indicating an increase in oxygen consumption and oxygen extraction. Upon separation from CPB, Gr2 showed a tendency to mild compensated metabolic acidosis, mainly due to HCO3ˉ 21.9±0.3. During the rewarming stage, the hemolysis value was 0.36±0.09in Gr1 and 0.45±0.17 in Gr2 (p&lt;0.001). After CPB, hemolysis was 0.41±0.15 in Gr1 and 0.61±0.22 in Gr2 (p&lt;0.001).&#x0D; Conclusions. Improving the biocompatibility of the extracorporeal oxygenatorcircuit makes it possible to reduce hemolysis and optimise the patient's oxygen status after cardiopulmonary bypass in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting.

Haematological values in cattle reared in humid and subhumid tropics of Mexico.

The objective of this study was to determine some factors that influence the haematological values of cattle reared in the humid and subhumid tropics of Mexico. Whole blood samples were taken from 1355 crossbred cattle in the years 2017 to 2019. Haematocrit (HTC, %), total plasma protein (TPP, g/dL) and peripheral eosinophils count (PEOS, × 103/µL) were determined manually, and the main haematological variables were recorded with an automatic analyser. The statistical analysis considered as classification variables age, sex, season (cold, dry and rainy), year (2017, 2018 and 2019) and origin of the cattle. The mean of the haematological parameters was determined along with the confidence limits (CL) of the different categories of animals according to age. Calves younger than 1-year-old presented higher levels of HTC, red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (HGB), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelet number (PLT), white blood cell count (WBC) and lymphocyte count (LYMF) than animals older than 2years of age. However, they showed the lowest mean cell volume (MCV) and TPP values. In cows, the highest levels of PEOS, granulocytes (GRAN), MCV and medium cells (MID) were observed and the lowest HTC, RBC, RDW and WBC levels. Intervals were determined with the 1st quartile (Q1) or lower confidence interval (90% CI) as the minimum values and the 3rd quartile (Q3) or upper confidence interval (90% CI) as the maximum values. The haematological parameters of cattle reared in the Southeast of Mexico are significantly affected by age, sex and environmental conditions.

Associations between red blood cell count and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).

Some studies found that red blood cell count (RBC) was an unrecognized risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). While the epidemiological data underpinning the evidence is very limited. As there are some differences between the latest criteria of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and NAFLD, itis necessary to evaluate the relationship between RBC and MAFLD. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES)2017-2018 cohort, including 4477 participants. Hepatic steatosis was determined when the value of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) obtained by Fibroscan was ≥274 dB/m. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between RBC and MAFLD. We estimated the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of RBC for MAFLD, and the nonlinear relationship between RBC and MAFLD was further described using smooth curve fittings and threshold-effect analysis. We found that MAFLD risk was significantly higher according to RBC quartiles. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)for the highest RBC quartile were 1.5(1.0, 2.3) for male and 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) for female, respectively. As for male, a non-linear relationship was discovered between RBCs and MAFLD, with a RBC threshold of 4.2. The effect sizes and confidence intervals on the right side of the inflection point were 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) (P for nonlinearity = 0.027). The sensitivity analysis showed a similar result. We demonstrated that that elevated RBC level is associated with the higher risk of MAFLD in male. The positive relationship was not significant in females after full adjustment. Our finding provided novel evidence indicating that RBCs might be a potential biomarker for MAFLD.

Effect of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Vernonia amygdalina on Haematological Parameters in Albino Rats

It has been demonstrated that Vernonia amygdalina, often known as the bitter leaf, offers a range of medical benefits that can improve human health. This study was designed to investigatethe effects of V. amygdalina (VA) ethanolic leaf extracts on some haematological parameters in albino rats. A total of thirty - six albino rats fed with a commercial pelleted poultry grower’s mash- diet were used for this study and they were divided into six groups, each containing six rats. Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 received 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of VA leaf extract three times a week at two-day intervals over a period of three weeks. Group 6 (control) received water only. The haematological parameters (red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total white blood cell count (TWBC), platelet (PLT) count, and WBC differentials (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and mixed cells) were analyzed using three part full blood count autoanalyzer. The results showed that although the mean neutrophil count differed significantly (p&lt;0.05) when compared between the groups studied, there was no statistically significant (p&gt;0.05) difference in the mean levels of PCV, Hb, RBC, TWBC, platelet count, lymphocytes and mixed cell count when compared across and between the groups. This study revealed that Vernonia amygdalina had no negative effects on the haematological indicators studied.

Hemoglobin Concentration during Early Pregnancy as an Accurate Predictor of Anemia during Late Pregnancy.

It is undetermined which blood variables related to iron storage during the first trimester of pregnancy could efficiently predict anemia occurring during the third trimester. Red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, ferritin, iron, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were assessed longitudinally during the first, second, and third trimesters of 231 healthy Japanese women. None of the patients had anemia in the first trimester and none used iron supplementation before the second trimester blood test. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) < 11 g/dL for the first trimester and Hb < 10.0 g/dL for the third trimester. Forty-seven (20%) women developed anemia in the third trimester. The first trimester RBC, Hb, hematocrit, and ferritin levels were significantly lower in women with third-trimester anemia than those without anemia. The first trimester hemoglobin level exhibited a greater area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for prediction of the third trimester anemia than other blood variables; the optimal cut-off (12.6 g/dL) of hemoglobin yielded a sensitivity of 83% (39/47). First trimester hemoglobin levels were significantly better predictors of anemia during the third trimester than the indices of iron storage, including serum iron, ferritin, and TIBC levels.

Clinical observation of extremely elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate

To analyze the clinical features of adult patients with extremely elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, ESR ≥ 100 mm/1 h), so as improve the ability of clinicians to use erythrocyte sedimentation rate to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine the clinical data of patients with ESR ≥ 100 mm/1 h admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University from January 1st 2019 to December 31st 2019. The age, gender, clinical diagnosis, first ESR level after admission, blood routine, liver function, renal function, coagulation function and C-reactive protein (CRP) within 24 hours after admission were collected. Patient cohorts were divided into youth group (18-65 years old), middle-aged group (66-79 years old) and elderly group (≥ 80 years old) according to the new standards of human age classification of World Health Organization (WHO) 2019. Patient cohorts were also divided into infectious disease group, hematological disease group, autoimmune disease group, renal failure group and others according to their respective clinical diagnosis. The distribution of extremely elevated ESR in each group, and the correlation between ESR and various laboratory indicators were analyzed. (1) Among 429 patients with ESR ≥ 100 mm/1 h, there were 236 males and 193 females. There was no significant difference in ESR levels between males and females [mm/1 h: 108.00 (103.00, 119.75) vs. 117.00 (105.50, 140.00), P = 0.234]. (2) The age of 429 patients ranged from 18 to 98 years old, the average age was (53.70±18.70) years old. There were 310 cases in the youth group, 87 cases in the middle-aged group and 32 cases in the elderly group. The ESR level of the young group was significantly lower than that of the middle-aged group and the elderly group [mm/1 h: 108.00 (103.00, 120.00) vs. 119.00 (107.00, 140.00), 120.00 (110.25, 140.00), both P < 0.01]. (3) The main diagnoses associated with extremely elevated ESR were infectious diseases [157 cases (36.6%)], hematological system diseases [127 cases (29.6%)], autoimmune diseases [74 cases (17.2%)]. Pulmonary infection accounted for 58.0% (91/157) of infectious diseases. Hematopoietic stem cell diseases accounted for 45.7% (58/127), lymphocyte and plasma cell diseases accounted for [37.0% (47/127)] and erythrocyte diseases accounted for [11.0% (14/127)] of the hematological system diseases. Diffuse connective tissue diseases accounted for 75.7% (56/74) of autoimmune diseases. (4) Spearman correlation analysis showed that the extremely elevated ESR in all patients was significantly negatively correlated with the levels of red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HB) and hematocrit (HCT) (ρ value was -0.395, -0.381 and -0.383, respectively, all P < 0.01), the ESR was significantly positively correlated with the level of fibrinogen (FIB; ρ = 0.345, P < 0.01). A total of 266 patients were tested for both ESR and CRP, and there was no significantly correlation between ESR and CRP level (ρ = -0.019, P = 0.756). The extremely elevated ESR was more common in pulmonary infections diseases, hematopoietic stem cell diseases, lymphocyte and plasma cell diseases, erythrocyte diseases and diffuse connective tissue diseases. The extremely elevated ESR was significantly correlated with the levels of RBC, HB, HCT and FIB.

Is There a Relationship Between Heroin Dependence and Anemia?

Objective: We aimed to examine hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count (RBC), platelet count (PLT), ferritin, vitamin B12, and folic acid levels in heroin addicts by comparing them with healthy controls. Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 325 patients with only heroin use; and 163 healthy individuals. Participants, who had hematological disorders and other chronic diseases, were excluded from the study. HGB, HCT, MCV, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, RBC, PLT, ferritin, vitamin B12, and folic acid levels were compared between groups. Results: The patient group comprised of 318 males and 7 females with the mean age of 26.39±6.18 years. There was no significant difference between patient and control group in terms of age, sex, body mass index and alcohol consumption. HGB, HCT, folic acid levels, and RBC were lower in the patient group than control. There was no significant correlation among HGB, HCT, RBC, PLT, and the sociodemographic characteristics of patients. Conclusion: The effects of heroin on the hematological parameter should be considered. Heroin effects on HGB, HTC, RBC, and folic acid may tend to decrease. Prospective, longitudinal studies, and studies involving intoxication-remission periods are needed.

Low Red Blood Cell Count as an Early Indicator for Myometrial Invasion in Women with Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinoma with Metabolic Syndrome.

PurposeWe investigated the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components and erythrocyte parameters such as red blood cell count (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels, and their association with the risk of deep myometrial invasion in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma (EEC).Patients and MethodsA total of 473 women diagnosed with EEC between January 2012 and December 2018 were included in the study. MetS was diagnosed using a modified version of the Chinese Diabetes Society 2004 criteria. Demographic and clinical characteristics were stratified by MetS and compared. Logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of myometrial invasion.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 18.8% (89/473). RBC and Hb levels were significantly higher in EEC patients with MetS. RBC and Hb values increased linearly with the number of MetS components. The OR of the MetS risk increased across the RBC quartiles (OR=2.212, 95% confidence interval [Cl]=1.125-4.350, P˂0.05). Among EEC patients with MetS, the OR of deep myometrial invasion increased with the decrease of the RBC quartiles (P=0.037). Similarly, in EEC patients with obesity and hyperglycemia or with ≥2 MetS criteria, the lowest RBC level (Q1) was a risk factor for deep myometrial invasion compared with the reference RBC group (Q4, P˂0.05). However, this trend was not evident in EEC patients without MetS and its components.ConclusionEEC with MetS and its components had higher RBC and Hb levels. The association between the erythrocyte parameters and myometrial invasion differed with MetS. RBC was identified as a risk factor of myometrial invasion in EEC patients with MetS and its components.

The blood parameters and liver function changed inconsistently among children between burns and traumatic injuries.

ObjectiveBurn and traumatic injury are two kinds of injury by modality. They cause acute phase response and lead to a series of pathological and physiological changes. In this study, we explored whether there are differences in routine blood parameters and liver enzyme levels between burned and traumatically injured children.MethodsPatients under 18 years old with injuries were recruited. Their demographic and clinical data were recorded. Collected clinical data included routine blood parameters (white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), platelets (PLT), hemoglobin (HB)), serological enzyme levels (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholinesterase (CHE)), and total protein (TP) levels (albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB)). A generalized linear model and multivariate analysis of variance were used to conduct comparisons.ResultsA total of 162 children (109 with burns and 53 with traumatic injuries) with a mean age of 4.36 ± 4.29 years were enrolled in the study. Burned children had higher levels of RBC, HB, WBC, AST and lower levels of TP, CHE, ALB than traumatically injured children (P < 0.05). Moreover, the concentration of WBC and HB was higher in males compared to females (P < 0.001). Conversely, the level of AST and TP in males was lower, AST levels were significantly lower in males (P = 0.005). Age positively correlated with the levels of HB, AST and TP (P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with WBC (P < 0.001). With decreasing body mass index (BMI), the levels of WBC, HB, AST and TP significantly increased in both groups of injured children (P < 0.001). In addition, ISS was positively correlated with WBC and HB levels (P < 0.001), but negatively correlated with AST and TP levels (P < 0.001).ConclusionsChildren with burn injuries suffered a greater acute response and liver damage than traumatically injured children. This may in part underlie clinical observations of differences in children morbidity and mortality in response to different injury types.

The influence of environmental factors on clinical pathological changes of patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy from different areas of China

Objectives: The effects of regional characteristics of IgAN patients in different areas of China were investigated. Methods: Patients who were identified to have primary IgAN by renal biopsy diagnosis were recruited both from Shaanxi province hospital of traditional Chinese medicine and Guangdong province hospital of traditional Chinese medicine. Besides renal histopathology data, a number of clinical and laboratory data were collected. Results: It was shown that the frequency of the patients with no mucosal infection in the urinary tract was higher in the Guangzhou group, while the frequencies of upper respiratory tract and biliary infections were lower when compared with those in the Xi’an group. Serum uric acid, alexin C3, creatinine and serum cholesterol concentrations were increased in the Guangzhou group, while triglyceride, glomerular filtration rate, and urine red blood cell count level decreased. IgA + IgM + C3 and IgA + IgG + IgM + C3 were found in most patients of the Xi’an group, whereas IgA + C3, IgA + IgM + C3 and IgA were more frequent in the Guangzhou group. Conclusion: It was found that differential environment, life habits and patterns in the two investigated areas obviously may influence the variable characteristics of IgAN patients.

Association between IL-35 and coronary arterial lesions in children with Kawasaki disease.

Kawasaki disease (KD) arises due to the acute inflammation and immune system dysfunction. This study investigated the relationship between the serum level of IL-35 and coronary artery lesions (CALs) in patients with KD. We obtained blood samples from 90 children with KD before intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Levels of IL-35, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10, MCP-1 and VEGF were measured in 190 cases, including 4 groups: KD with coronary arterial lesions (n = 46), KD without coronary arteries lesions (n = 44), febrile control group (FC, n = 40) and the normal control group (NC, n = 60). White blood cell counts (WBC), red blood cell counts (RBC), hemoglobin, platelet, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and procalcitonin were tested in all subjects. Levels of IL-35, RBC and hemoglobin significantly decreased, and IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10, MCP-1 and VEGF were significantly elevated in the KD group compared with febrile and control groups. IL-35 serum level even decreased, and ESR, IL-6, MCP-1 and VEGF increased in the KD patients with CALs. Serum levels of IL-35 in KD patients were negatively associated with WBC, CRP, IL-6, IL-17A, IL-10, MCP-1 and VEGF in children with KD. IL-35 may have the effect on inhibiting inflammatory process in KD and further preventing KD patients from coronary artery lesion.

MPV and PDW as inflammatory indicators in chronic otitis media with effusion

Objectives: Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion (COME) is a clinical condition characterized by an effusion in the tympanic cavity. In this retrospective study, we aimed to compare the MPV and PDW value of patients with chronic otitis media with effusion (COMA) to those in healthy subjects as an inflammatory indicator. Materials and Methods: Demographic features: age, race and gender and laboratory parameters; White Blood Cell count (WBC), Red Blood Cell count (RBC), Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (Hct), Platelets (PLT), MPV and PDW were recorded after obtaining from the computerized database. Results: We included 149 patients who underwent ventilation tube insertion between with those of age and sex compatible 151 healthy subjects into the study. In our study no statistically significant differences were identified between paediatric patients diagnosed with COME and healthy controls in terms of WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, and MPV levels (p>0.05). However, we found significant differences both the platelet count (p<0.05) and PDW levels (p<0.001) between the COME and control group. Conclusion: This study is the first to evaluate the relationship between PDW and COME. With regards to clinical and laboratory findings, novel inflammatory markers derived from routine hemogram test may be used.

THE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS VERNONIA amygdalina (BITTER LEAF) EXTRACT ON THE LIPID PROFILE AND SOME HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN RATS EXPOSED TO CYANIDE

Despite the fact that cyanide is known to be toxic, it is found in popular foods consumed by humans and animals, there is therefore the need to find an appropriate food that can help ameliorate its effect in both man and animals. The study aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of bitter leaf extract (BLE) on hematological parameters and blood lipid profile of rats exposed to cyanide. A total of twenty four rats were used for this study and they were divided into six groups, each containing four rats. All groups were fed with growers mash and in addition Group 1 (control) was given water only, Group 2 was given cyanide alone, Groups 3, 4 and 5 were given 100,200 and 300 mg/kgb.wt of BLE and cyanide respectively. The experiment was carried out in 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin level (Hb), Red blood cell count (RBC) and white blood cell count (WBC) was determined using known biochemical procedures. The results indicated a significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) in PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC level of Groups 3, 4 and 5 when compared to the cyanide group (Group 2). The result from the experiment indicates that total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) were significantly lower in all the treated groups (Groups 3, 4 and 5) when compared with the untreated group given cyanide alone (Group 2). However, no significant difference in TC was indicated in all the groups given different concentration of bitter leaf extract (BLE) when compared with the control (Group 1) and no statistical difference in TG was also indicated in the groups given 200 and 300 mg BLE when compared with the control. A significantly higher HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) was however recorded in all the groups given diffeDespite the fact that cyanide is known to be toxic, it is found in popular foods consumed by humans and animals, there is therefore the need to find an appropriate food that can help ameliorate its effect in both man and animals. The study aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of bitter leaf extract (BLE) on hematological parameters and blood lipid profile of rats exposed to cyanide. A total of twenty rats were used for this study and they were divided into five groups, each containing four rats. All groups were fed with growers mash and in addition Group 1 (control) was given water only, Group 2 was given cyanide alone, Groups 3, 4 and 5 were given 100,200 and 300 mg/kgb.wt of BLE and cyanide respectively. The experiment was carried out in 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin level (Hb), Red blood cell count (RBC) and white blood cell count (WBC) was determined using known biochemical procedures. The results indicated a significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) in PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC level of Groups 3, 4 and 5 when compared to the cyanide group (Group 2). The result from the experiment indicates that total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) were significantly lower in all the treated groups (Groups 3, 4 and 5) when compared with the untreated group given cyanide alone (Group 2). However, no significant difference in TC was indicated in all the groups given different concentration of bitter leaf extract (BLE) when compared with the control (Group 1) and no statistical difference in TG was also indicated in the groups given 200 and 300 mg BLE when compared with the control. A significantly higher HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) was however recorded in all the groups given different concentration of BLE when compared to cyanide alone. The study reveals that bitter leaf in respective of the dose is able to improve the hematological parameters and lipid profile in cyanide exposed rats.rent concentration of BLE when compared to cyanide alone. The study reveals that bitter leaf in respective of the dose is able to improve the hematological parameters and lipid profile in cyanide exposed rats.

Influence of lactulose on interventional therapy for HCC patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism

To investigate the influence of lactulose on immunity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism after double-interventional therapies. A total of 40 HCC patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism, hospitalized during January 2013 to June 2014, were enrolled and randomized into control group and observation group. Both groups received partial splenic embolization combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Besides, observation group orally took lactulose 30mL/d. Four days before interventional therapies and at days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after therapies, fasting venous blood was collected to detect white blood cell count, red blood cell count (RBC), and platelet count (PLT). Four days before therapies and at days 7 and 14 after therapies, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin, malondialdehyde, super-oxide dismutase (SOD), IFN-γ, and IL-4 as well as the distribution of T cell subsets in peripheral blood were tested. Complications were observed after interventional therapies. Before interventional therapies the levels of white blood cell count, PLT and RBC in both groups showed no difference, while after interventional therapies the levels of PLT and RBC in both groups showed an increasing tendency (P<0.05). At day 14 after interventional therapies, the level of blood cell as well as that of SOD, IFN-γ and IL-4 in serum were significantly higher than that before therapies; meanwhile, the levels of alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin of observation group after therapies were significantly lower than before and control group (P<0.05), the levels of CD4(+)/CD8(+), SOD and IFN-γ were all higher than before and control group (P<0.05). Oral administration of lactulose could adjust the imbalance of oxidation system/antioxidant system in HCC patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism after interventional therapies, and improve the antitumor immunity and prognosis.

Serum Uric Acid, Alanine Aminotransferase, Hemoglobin and Red Blood Cell Count Levels in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome.

Purpose. The pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation (PEX), the most common cause of secondary glaucoma, has not been clearly identified, but there is increasing evidence that points out the role of oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to evaluate some of the most commonly used blood parameters, hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and uric acid (UA) levels, in subjects with PEX. Materials and Methods. This study is performed in a state hospital between November 2011 and December 2012. Retrospective chart review of subjects who underwent cataract surgery was performed. Thirty-one healthy subjects with PEX and 34 healthy subjects without PEX were evaluated. Hb, RBC, ALT, and UA levels were recorded. Student's t-test was used to compare the two groups. Results. The mean age was 73.6 ± 14.1 years in PEX group and 70.1 ± 12.7 in control group (p = 0.293). Hb, RBC, ALT, and UA levels did not show a statistically significant difference among PEX and control groups (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusion. Serum levels of Hb, RBC, ALT, and UA levels were similar in subjects with and without PEX. Further studies are needed to clarify the precise role of Hb, RBC, ALT, and UA in the pathogenesis of PEX.

Mean platelet volume as an inflammatory marker of chronic otitis media with effusion

ObjectivesOur aim was to investigate whether mean platelet volume (MPV) may be utilized as an inflammatory marker of chronic otitis media with effusion (COME). MethodsRoutine hemogram tests were performed preoperatively for 51 patients diagnosed with COME that were to receive ventilation tube insertion. Hemogram tests were performed on age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls (n=54). Moreover, by performing a chart review, white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), platelet (PLT), and mean platelet volume (MPV) values were compared between COME patients and controls. ResultsA total of 51 COME patients were included in the study and 45.1% were male. The control group had 54 individuals and 51.9% were male. MPV (p=0.493) and platelet levels (p=0.336) for COME patients group were generally borderline higher than those measured for the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant. ConclusionNo statistically significant differences were identified between pediatric patients diagnosed with COME and healthy controls in terms of WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct, PLT and MPV levels.