Recyclable 3D Research Articles

Out-of-plane energy absorption of 3D printed basalt-fiber-reinforced hierarchical honeycomb composite

This work presents a new type of hierarchical triangular honeycomb created by iteratively replacing each vertex of conventional hexagonal cells with a smaller equilateral triangle. The combination of green and recyclable short basalt-fiber-reinforced composite with advanced additive manufacturing technology makes it possible to design and fabricate the 3D printed hierarchical triangular honeycomb composites with exceptional mechanical properties for energy absorption applications. Out-of-plane quasi-static compression tests were performed on the 3D printed hierarchical honeycomb composite to investigate the compressive response and deformation behaviour of hierarchical triangular honeycombs. Parametric studies were conducted using ABAQUS/Explicit finite element code to study the effects of structural hierarchy and triangular cell size on mechanical properties and energy absorption of 3D printed hierarchical triangular honeycombs. The result revealed that the 3D printed hierarchical triangular honeycomb composite experienced a large and stable plastic deformation to densification without fracture failure resulting in excellent energy absorption. The second level triangular honeycomb composite exhibited the most promising mechanical properties. After optimization of the triangular cell size, the mean crushing force and specific energy absorption of the second level triangular honeycomb composite were about 1.7 times and 2.0 times those of the conventional hexagonal honeycomb composite. Compared to other typical hierarchical honeycombs, the proposed hierarchical triangular honeycomb composite exhibited higher plateau stress and larger densification strain, thus providing some insights in designing lightweight, recyclable and sustainable 3D printed honeycomb composites with superior mechanical properties.

EarthWorks: Zero waste 3D printed earthen formwork for shape-optimized, reinforced concrete construction

Rapid global urbanization is driving governments and builders to seek paradigm-shifting technologies to speed the construction of housing and infrastructure at a low economic and carbon cost. Here, we present a novel method for fabricating materially efficient, shape-optimized, code-compliant, reinforced concrete structures cast in directly recyclable 3D printed earth formwork, hereby referred to as EarthWorks. This research demonstrates the potential of zero waste, circular formwork that can be manufactured with construction waste soils directly on site. Methods are described for formwork design and toolpathing that accounts for hydrostatic pressure, conventional reinforcement, high accuracy connections, and the fabrication of complex, 3D-shaped geometry with continuous extrusion. In addition, the building design and performance potential of the EarthWorks method are assessed and compared to existing additive formwork technologies from a carbon perspective. Case studies are fabricated demonstrating cast-in-place, tilt-up, and on-site prefab methods to produce bespoke columns, beams, and frames designed to California building code.

Investigating recycled 3D printing filament waste-based composites reinforced by fillers

Investigating recycled 3D printing filament waste-based composites reinforced by fillers

The Mechanical and Physical Properties of 3D Printing Filament made from Recycled Polypropylene and Ground Tyre Rubber Treated with Alkali

When molten, used vehicle tyres are unable to decompose or be recycled. Despite global efforts to find new uses for these materials, many worn tyres are still dumped in landfills. Therefore, this study proposes using ground tyre rubber (GTR) as a fill material for recycled polypropylene 3D printing filament. The filament composite’s physical and mechanical properties will be assessed in this investigation. GTR is expected to give the filament elastic characteristics, which could lead to rubber-like filaments. This study filled recycled polypropylene (rPP) polymer matrix composites with GTR to make filament. The mechanical and physical properties of a 3D-printed specimen made from rPP and GTR filament with varying compositions were analysed. Compared to pure rPP, rPP/GTR samples with 3 wt% GTR had a maximum tensile strength of 716.76 MPa. The flexural test findings showed that rPP/GTR with 3 wt% GTR had the highest flexural strength at 80.53 MPa, followed by rPP/1 wt% GTR at 65.38 MPa. In physical tests, the rPP/GTR at 5 wt% GTR had the highest water absorption at 5.41 %, and the wt% of GTR connected directly with water absorption. This study has shown that affordable, environmentally friendly rPP/GTR filaments can be developed with less amount of GTR content (3 wt%) and used for 3D printing applications, helping to lessen the impact of plastic and waste while having valuable mechanical and physical properties that are comparable to those of the pure polypropylene material produced.

Mechanical Performance of Recycled 3D Printed Sustainable Polymer-Based Composites: A Literature Review

The development of efficient waste valorization strategies has emerged as an important field in the overall efforts for alignment with the environmental goals that have been set by the European Union (EU) Green Deal regarding the development of sustainable circular economy models. Additive manufacturing has emerged as a sustainable method for secondary life product development with the main advantages of it being a form of net-zero waste production and having the ability to successfully transport complex design to actual products finding applications in the industry for rapid prototyping or for tailored products. The insertion of eco-friendly sustainable materials in these processes can lead to significant reduction in material footprints and lower energy demands for the manufacturing process, helping achieve Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG12) set by the EU for responsible production and consumption. The aim of this comprehensive review is to state the existing progress regarding the incorporation of sustainable polymeric composite materials in additive manufacturing (AM) processes and identify possible gaps for further research. In this context, a comprehensive presentation of the reacquired materials coming from urban and industrial waste valorization processes and that are used to produce sustainable composites is made. Then, an assessment of the printability and the mechanical response of the constructed composites is made, by taking into consideration some key thermal, rheological and mechanical properties (e.g., viscosity, melting and degradation temperature, tensile and impact strength). Finally, existing life cycle analysis results are presented regarding overall energy demands and environmental footprint during the waste-to-feedstock and the manufacturing processes. A lack of scientific research was observed, regarding the manifestation of novel evaluation techniques such as dynamic mechanical analysis and impact testing. Assessing the dynamic response is vital for evaluating whether these types of composites are adequate for upscaling and use in real life applications.

Utilizing in-nozzle impregnation for enhancing the strength of recycled PET-derived 3D printed continuous banana fiber reinforced bio-composites

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the potential of using the in-nozzle impregnation approach to reuse recycled PET (RPET) to develop continuous banana fiber (CBF) reinforced bio-composites. The mechanical properties and fracture morphology behavior are evaluated to establish the relationships between layer spacing–microstructural characteristics–mechanical properties of CBF/RPET composite.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses RPET filament developed from post-consumer PET bottles and CBF extracted from agricultural waste banana sap. RPET serves as the matrix material, while CBF acts as the reinforcement. The test specimens were fabricated using a customized fused deposition modeling 3D printer. In this process, customized 3D printer heads were used, which have a unique capability to extrude and deposit print fibers consisting of a CBF core coated with an RPET matrix. The tensile and flexural samples were 3D printed at varying layer spacing.FindingsThe Young’s modulus (E), yield strength (sy) and ultimate tensile strength of the CBF/RPET sample fabricated with 0.7 mm layer spacing are 1.9 times, 1.25 times and 1.8 times greater than neat RPET, respectively. Similarly, the flexural test results showed that the flexural strength of the CBF/RPET sample fabricated at 0.6 mm layer spacing was 47.52 ± 2.00 MPa, which was far greater than the flexural strength of the neat RPET sample (25.12 ± 1.94 MPa).Social implicationsThis study holds significant social implications highlighting the growing environmental sustainability and plastic waste recycling concerns. The use of recycled PET material to develop 3D-printed sustainable structures may reduce resource consumption and encourages responsible production practices.Originality/valueThe key innovation lies in the concept of in-nozzle impregnation approach, where RPET is reinforced with CBF to develop a sustainable composite structure. CBF reinforcement has made RPET a superior, sustainable, environmentally friendly material that can reduce the reliance on virgin plastic material for 3D printing.

Optimizing mechanical properties of virgin and recycled PLA components using Anova and neural networks

The increasing demand for polymers in additive manufacturing (AM) has led to a significant increase in plastic waste, with over 300 million metric tons used in recent years. This research article explores the use of Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) as a biodegradable thermoplastic recycled material for 3D printed components, comparing its properties with virgin PLA and discussing solutions for variation and mechanical features improvement. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely used additive manufacturing process that allows for the creation of three-dimensional objects by depositing molten material layer by layer. This study investigates the impact of infill density, layer thickness, and raster angle for recycled 3D printing material, focusing on their dimensions and their influence on processing efficiency. This research paper aims to investigate the mechanical effects of recycled 3d printed components which are printed by using FDM with the combination of different process parameters compared with virgin PLA. From results optimal process parameters are found to enhancing quality and performance of recycled 3D printed components. Later results are compared by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as a statistical tool and also with ANN technique, which minimizes error deviation.

A photocurable polyurethane elastomer for digital light processing with comprehensive reusability based on dynamic hindered urea bonds

Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing has emerged as a highly promising technique, enabling the fabrication of intricate geometric structures with ease and precision, without the need for complex mold-making processes. However, the printed objects are typically crosslinked photopolymers that cannot be reshaped, reprocessed and recycled. Herein, we successfully synthesize a dynamic soft polymer crosslinker containing hindered urea bonds (HUBs) composed of polyurethane acrylate prepolymer and tri-functional for recyclable DLP 3D printing. Contributing to the dynamic thermal response of HUBs, the printed objects can be recycled in the initial printing inks at 80 °C in 2h and the obtained recycled ink can be reprinted by DLP achieving a low viscosity and high printing resolution. In addition, the printed objects can be reprocessed by hot-press at 110 °C for 30 min upon a pressure of 5 MPa. By a reasonable proportion of monomer and crosslinker, a series of photocured elastomers were successfully prepared, in which mechanical properties could be tailored by changing the content of the crosslinker. The resulting products exhibited some fascinating attributes, such as excellent fatigue resistance, thermodynamic stability, and transparency. Significantly, the resin can regain initial 3D printing capability after undergoing solvent recycling, which maintains its printing resolution and excellent mechanical properties. This innovative design strategy not only alleviates environmental impact but also plays a pivotal role in developing the DLP 3D printing industry by tackling the long-standing issue of resin recyclability.

Efficient degradation of ciprofloxacin by 3D oxygen-doped MoS2/polyacrylamide/graphene oxide composite hydrogel co-catalytic Fenton reaction

In this work, we prepared a novel recyclable 3D oxygen-doped MoS2/polyacrylamide (PAM)/graphene oxide (GO) composite hydrogel (O-MoS2-CH) and constructed an O-MoS2-CH co-catalytic Fenton system (O-MoS2-CH/Fenton) to enhance ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. The degradation efficiency of CIP reached 92% in O-MoS2-CH/Fenton under suitable conditions ([FeSO4·7 H2O] = 10 mg/L, [H2O2] = 0.6 mM, pH = 4.21, one O-MoS2-CH), and the degradation rate constant of O-MoS2-CH/Fenton was 1.4 times that of MoS2-CH/Fenton. Additionally, the Fe2+ content of this system was 1.5 times higher than that of MoS2-CH/Fenton. Various instrumental characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations proved that O-MoS2-CH contained 2 H/1 T mixed-phase MoS2, which had a stronger ability to transfer electrons and adsorb Fe3+. The Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle was driven by the exposed Mo4+ and S2- active sites on the O-MoS2-CH surface, which further enhanced the activation of H2O2. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests and quenching experiments verified that·OH and 1O2 were dominant ROS for CIP degradation. Notably, O-MoS2-CH/Fenton could tolerate high concentrations of Cl- and NO3- (even up to 3000 mg/L). O-MoS2-CH structure kept unchanged and the co-catalytic activity decreased slightly after five cycles, and the maximum leaching of Mo was less than 0.88 mg/L. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for 3D O-MoS2-CH co-catalytic Fenton technology and its application in degrading residual antibiotics in water.

Waste to wonder to explore possibilities with recycled materials in 3D printing

In a world grappling with environmental challenges and the need for sustainable manufacturing practices, the convergence of 3D printing and recycling emerges as a promising solution. This research paper explores the potential of combining these two technologies and comprehensively analyses their synergistic effects. The study delves into the printability of recycled materials, evaluating their suitability for 3D printing and comparing their performance with conventional materials. The environmental impact of 3D printing with recycled materials is examined through a sustainability analysis and a life cycle assessment of recycled 3D printed objects. The findings reveal significant benefits, including enhanced resource efficiency, waste reduction, and customisation possibilities. The research also identifies challenges and opportunities for scaling up the use of recycled materials in 3D printing, highlighting the importance of collaboration, innovation, and regulations. With potential applications spanning various industries, from prototyping to construction and healthcare, the implications of this research are far-reaching. By embracing sustainable practices, industry collaboration, and innovation, the integration of 3D printing and recycling can pave the way for a more sustainable future, where resource conservation, circularity, and customised production are at the forefront of manufacturing.

3D sponge-based cobalt-lanthanum difunctional composite (3D sponge@Co-La) promotes peroxymonosulfate activation for efficient removal of roxarsone and released arsenic: An easy-to-use and highly recyclable catalyst for wastewater remediation

Cobalt-lanthanum bimetallic oxide (tricobalt tetraoxide-lanthanum oxocarbonate (Co3O4-La2O2CO3)) is a promising environmental functional material for the remediation of organic-arsenic wastewater via simultaneous degradation and adsorption. However, the existing nanomaterials are mostly powder-like, which are prone to reunion and inactivation and difficult to separate and recycle. To solve the awkward problems, in this study, an efficient, easy-to-use and highly recyclable 3D sponge-based cobalt-lanthanum composite (3D sponge@Co-La) was fabricated for the first time by coating powder-like Co3O4-La2O2CO3 onto a blocky sponge with the assistance of chitosan. The results demonstrated that over 97% degradation of 50 μmol L−1 roxarsone (ROX) and almost complete adsorption of the released inorganic arsenic were achieved in the system of 3D sponge@Co-La/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) within 20 and 45 min, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of 3D sponge@Co-La toward As(V) was up to 158.73 mg g−1. Besides, the removal efficiencies of ROX in well water and lake water were 100% and 92.8%, respectively. The mechanism investigation revealed that the generated sulfate radicals (SO4•−), hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) were responsible for the oxidation of ROX and the conversion of As(III) to As(V). 3D sponge@Co-La also exhibited excellent reusability and stability, and even in the fourth cycle test, the removal efficiencies of ROX and secondary inorganic arsenic maintained almost 100% after regeneration. In short, this study not only provides an easy-to-use and highly recyclable catalyst for eliminating organic-arsenic from water, but also addresses the disadvantages of existing powder-like catalysts, exhibiting an important practical application potential.

Repeatedly Recyclable 3D Printing Catalyst-free Dynamic Thermosetting Photopolymers.

Photo-curing 3D printing technology has promoted the advanced manufacturing in various fields, but has exacerbated the environmental crisis by the demand for the chemically cross-linked thermosetting photopolymers. Here, we report a generic strategy to develop catalyst-free dynamic thermosetting photopolymers, based on photopolymerization and transesterification, that can enable users to realize repeatable 3D printing, providing a practical solution to the environmental challenges. We demonstrate that the β-carbonyl group adjacent to the ester group greatly accelerates the rate of transesterification. The generated resins from the immobilization of the catalyst-free reversible bonds into the photopolymers leads to a dynamic covalently crosslinked network structure upon UV based 3D printing, which exhibit controllable mechanical properties with elastomeric behaviors to thermadapt shape memory polymers. Furthermore, the resulting network can be reverted into an acrylate-functioned photopolymer that is suitable for 3D printing again, presenting an on-demand, repeatedly recyclable thermosetting photopolymer platform for sustainable 3D printing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Lightweight, Thermally Insulating, Fire‐Proof Graphite‐Cellulose Foam

AbstractFoam materials are widely used in packaging and buildings for thermal insulation, sound absorption, shock absorption, and other functions. They are dominated by petroleum‐based plastics, most of which, however, are not biodegradable nor fire‐proofing, leading to severe plastic pollution and safety concerns. Here, a fire‐proofing, thermally insulating, recyclable 3D graphite‐cellulose nanofiber (G‐CNF) foam fabricated from resource‐abundant graphite and cellulose is reported. A freeze‐drying‐free and scalable ionic crosslinking method is developed to fabricate Cu2+ ionic crosslinked G‐CNF (Cu‐G‐CNF) foam with a low energy consumption and cost. Moreover, the direct foam formation strategy enables local foam manufacturing to fulfil the local demand. The ionic crosslinked G‐CNF foam demonstrates excellent water stability (the foam can maintain mechanical robustness even in wet state and recover after being dried in air without deformation), fire resistance (41.7 kW m−2 vs 214.3 kW m−2 in the peak value of heat release rate) and a low thermal conductivity (0.05 W/(mK)), without compromising the recyclability, degradability, and mechanical performance of the composite foam. The demonstrated 3D G‐CNF foam can potentially replace the commercial plastic‐based foam materials, representing a sustainable solution against the “white pollution”.

Enhanced photocatalytic performance of recyclable 3D red phosphorus/sodium alginate aerogel composite

Hydrothermal treatment of red phosphorus/sodium alginate (HRP/ALG) aerogel photocatalyst with a 3D porous structure was prepared by simple injection and applied to remove water contaminants and deactivate Escherichia coli (E. coli). Ratio optimization experiments showed that the photocatalytic activity of HRP3/ALG (HRP: ALG = 3: 1) aerogel composite was optimal, and the κ values of Rhodamine (RhB) degradation and Cr(VI) reduction were 0.2667 and 0.0398 min−1, respectively. Furthermore, the photocatalytic antibacterial rate of the HRP3/ALG was 99.9 % in 40 min, and it remained above 96 % after five times cycling test to inactivate E. coli. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the appropriate amount of HRP particles uniformly distributed on the ALG support. This structure not only prevented the overgrowth and agglomeration of HRP, but also promoted the separation and transfer of the carriers and increased effectively the photocurrent density.

Effect of Infill Density on the Performance of Recycled PET-Based 3D Printed Microstrip Antenna

Effect of Infill Density on the Performance of Recycled PET-Based 3D Printed Microstrip Antenna

Recyclable 3D konjac glucomannan/graphene oxide aerogel loaded with ZIF-67 for comprehensive adsorption of methylene blue and methyl orange

To solve the problem that it is difficult to recycle the ZIF-67 in aqueous solution, a porous self-supporting material (KGM/GO) was prepared by using biomass KGM. And then ZIF-67 crystal was loaded onto KGM/GO solid substrate by in-situ growth method so that a novel KGM/GO/ZIF-67 composite aerogel was obtained. FT-IR and SEM characterization showed that ZIF-67 was successfully loaded on KGM/GO substrate by covalent bonding, and the adsorption site of composite aerogel surface was uniform. The N2 adsorption/desorption testing results showed that the porosity of composite aerogel changed from 86.48 % to 91.18 % after loading ZIF-67. It provides enough diffusion channel and active adsorption sites. Moreover, the as-prepared composite aerogel showed excellent adsorption ability to both methylene blue and methyl orange, and the maximum adsorption capacities were as high as 185.67 mg/g (pH = 8) and 130.2 mg/g (pH = 2), respectively. Noted that after five cycles, the adsorption capacity to methylene blue and methyl orange were still up to 174.4 mg/g and 118.3 mg/g, which exhibited high adsorption capacity and excellent reusability. Therefore, loading ZIF-67 on KGM/GO substrate can enhance the adsorption and recovery performance of ZIF-67. The method provides a new possibility for the treatment of complex dye-containing wastewater.

Tri-functional aerogel photocatalyst with an S-scheme heterojunction for the efficient removal of dyes and antibiotic and hydrogen generation

A novel three-dimensional (3D) S-scheme S-gC3N4/TiO2/SiO2/PAN aerogel heterojunction photocatalyst (denoted as S-gTAHP) is rationally devised and manufactured by combining electrospinning, calcination, hydrothermal and freeze-drying techniques. The synthesized S-gC3N4 molecule is different from traditional g-C3N4, which has a small molecular structure similar to melamine. S-gC3N4 is embedded in the interwoven network structure of TiO2/PAN short fibers, and the catalytic system of the S-scheme heterojunction is formed with SiO2 as a crosslinking agent. S-gTAHP achieves perfect tri-functional photocatalytic capability, including remarkable hydrogen release capacity (806.7 μmol∙h−1∙g−1), efficient removal of three colored dyes with removal efficiencies up to 99.43% (MB, 15 min), 96.13% (RhB, 30 min) and 91.32% (MO, 40 min), and a degradation rate of the colorless antibiotic TCH reaching 84.20% in 40 min driven by simulated sunlight. Meanwhile, the effects of pH values and concentrations of contaminant solutions on the removal rates are explored, and the S-scheme mechanism of S-gTAHP strengthening photocatalytic activity is elucidated. The apparently heightened photocatalytic activities of S-gTAHP can be ascribed to the fact that the 3D hierarchical porous structure of the aerogel endows more active centers and enhanced light-harvesting capacity, and the S-scheme heterojunction supplies effective charge migrating channels, thereby affording the carriers with strong redox capability. Furthermore, S-gTAHP holds prominent reusability and is light weight. Hence, efficient and recyclable 3D aerogel photocatalysts with S-scheme heterojunctions have broad application prospects in practical sewage treatment and energy conversion fields.

Recyclable 3D SERS devices based on ZnO nanorod-grafted nanowire forests for biochemical sensing

Three-dimensional (3D) surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) devices have been extensively studied owing to their unique structural advantages. In particular, 3D metal/semiconductor heterostructures with synergistic contribution of plasmonic “hot spots” and charge transfer resonance can exhibit a significant SERS effect. In this work, a novel type of setaria-like 3D nanostructure is fabricated for ultrasensitive SERS detection. The structure is composed of nanowire forests (NWFs) grafted with ZnO nanorods (NRs), which are decorated with Au nanoparticles (NPs). In the 3D Au-ZnO@NWF hybrids, abundant 3D SERS “hot spots” are generated by electromagnetic coupling of the Au NPs densely distributed on the ZnO NRs with three types of spatial location. Under the optimized experimental conditions, a marked SERS enhancement factor of 6.4 × 106 is obtained with a limit of detection (LOD) up to 10−10 M for Rhodamine 6G (R6G). In addition, the relative standard deviation is calculated to be less than 10%, demonstrating the device has good spectral reproducibility. Moreover, the SERS device successfully achieves trace detection of biochemical molecules, with LODs for adenine and p-aminothiophenol of 10−7 M and 10−9 M, respectively. Owing to the photocatalytic properties of ZnO, the SERS device can be reused more than fifteen times while maintaining pristine signal intensity. The novel strategy of constructing heterogeneous nanostructures, and the devices based on these nanostructures are expected to have wide applications in biomedical analysis and environmental pollution monitoring.

Facile synthesis of recyclable 3D gelatin aerogel decorated with MIL-88B(Fe) for activation peroxydisulfate degradation of norfloxacin

The application of traditional powder catalysts is limited by particle agglomeration and difficult recovery. In this work, a three-dimensional porous aerogel catalyst for organic pollutants degradation in water by activating peroxydisulfate (PDS) was successfully synthesized, which was obtained via directly mixing of MIL-88B(Fe) with sol precursors followed by vacuum freeze-drying and low-temperature calcination. MIL-88B(Fe)/gelatin aerogel-150/PDS (MGA-150/PDS) system displayed satisfactory norfloxacin (NOR) degradation performance, which could remove 98.7% of NOR in 90 min. Its reaction rate constant was 23.2 times higher than the gelatin aerogel/PDS (GA/PDS) system. In addition, Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results and radical trapping experiments revealed both radicals (SO4•−, •OH) and non-radical (1O2) pathways had participated in NOR degradation, of which •OH was dominant. Possible degradation pathways were proposed. Moreover, the high degradation efficiency of NOR by MGA-150 composites could still be reached more than 90.0% even after 10 cycles, and the morphology and chemical structure of MGA-150 composites exhibited no significant changes, indicating the arrestive stability of aerogel composites. This progress not only proposed an effective catalyst for PDS activation, but also expanded views for the design and development of 3D functional materials.

Development of 3D Printing Raw Materials from Plastic Waste. A Case Study on Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is the most common 3D printing technology. An object formed through continuous layering until completion is known as an additive process while other processes with different methods are also relevant. In this paper, mechanical properties were analysed using two distinct kinds of printed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as tensile test specimens. The materials used consist of recycled PET and virgin PET. An assessment of all the forty test pieces of both kinds of PET was undertaken. A comparison of the test samples’ tensile strength values, difference in stress-strain curves, and elongation at break was also carried out. The reasoning behind the fracturing of test pieces that printed with different settings is presented in part by the depiction of the fractured specimens following the tensile test. An optimal route was revealed to be 3D printing with recycled PET, as per the mechanical testing. The hardness of the recycled filament decreased to 6%, while the tensile strength and shear strength increased to 14.7 and 2.8%, respectively. Nonetheless, no changes occurred to the tensile modulus elasticity. Despite notable differences being observed in the results of the recycled PET filament, no substantial differences were found prior or post-recycling in the mechanical properties of the PET filament. In conclusion, the demand for improved recycled 3D printing filament technologies is heightened due to the comparable mechanical features of the specimens of both the 3D printed recycled and virgin materials. With tensile strength figures reaching as high as 43.15MPa at Recycled PET and 3.12% being the greatest elongation at 40% Recycled PET, 100% Recycled is the ideal printing setting.