Recurrence Of Wilms Tumor Research Articles

Exosomal long non-coding RNA MALAT1: a candidate of liquid biopsy in monitoring of Wilms' tumor.

Wilms' tumor (WT) is a rare kidney cancer that primarily affects children. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that cargo nucleic acids, proteins,etc. for cellular communication. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have utility as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and disease monitoring. We hypothesize that expression of lncRNA, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1(MALAT1), is dysregulated and possibly trafficked within exosomes to influence the tissue microenvironment for metastasis and recurrence of WT. We investigated the expression of MALAT1 in thirty WT samples by qPCR. Exosomes were isolated using a precipitated and affinity-binding-based kit, and characterized using TEM, NTA, and DLS. Mean number of exosomes was 9.01×108/mL in primary culture, 1.64×108/mL in urine, and 4.65×108/plasma:400µl. Average yield of total RNA was 1.28µg (primary-culture supernatant:1ml), 1.47µg (Urine:1ml), 1.65µg (Plasma:400 µL). We quantified MALAT1 in exosomes derived from these sources in patients of WT. Expression of MALAT1 was significantly downregulated (p=0.008) in WT samples. This is the first study that demonstrated the presence of lncRNA MALAT1 in various invasive and non-invasive samples of patients with WT(primary tissue culture, urine, and plasma samples).

Biomarkers for patients with Wilms tumor: a review.

Wilms tumor, originating from aberrant fetal nephrogenesis, is the most common renal malignancy in childhood. The overall survival of children is approximately 90%. Although existing risk-stratification systems are helpful in identifying patients with poor prognosis, the recurrence rate of Wilms tumors remains as high as 15%. To resolve this clinical problem, diverse studies on the occurrence and progression of the disease have been conducted, and the results are encouraging. A series of molecular biomarkers have been identified with further studies on the mechanism of tumorigenesis. Some of these show prognostic value and have been introduced into clinical practice. Identification of these biomarkers can supplement the existing risk-stratification systems. In the future, more biomarkers will be discovered, and more studies are required to validate their roles in improving the detection rate of occurrence or recurrence of Wilms tumor and to enhance clinical outcomes.

CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF HYPERPLASTIC AND MULTICENTRIC NEPHROBLASTOMATOSIS

The treatment of hyperplastic nephroblastomatosis remains controversial. We report the advantages of conservative management of hyperplastic and multicentric nephroblastomatosis associated with unilateral Wilms tumor (WT). During the last 10 years 48 children with unilateral WT were consecutively treated at our 2 institutions. Children with multiple solid renal masses on imaging were treated with 2-drug chemotherapy until disappearance of the lesions. Stabilization or progression of the lesions despite chemotherapy, as well as heterogeneity of the lesions on imaging, prompted nephron sparing surgery (NSS). Three female infants (12, 13 and 20 months old, respectively) presented with multiple solid renal tumors at imaging. Despite chemotherapy, small and unilateral WT developed in 2 cases of hyperplastic nephroblastomatosis, which was excised. One of these infants subsequently presented with a small contralateral metachronous WT, which was excised. Both infants are disease-free with 2 normal kidneys at followup of 6 and 2 years, respectively. The third infant, who presented with unilateral multicentric WT and unilateral hyperplastic nephroblastomatosis nodules, was successfully treated with preoperative chemotherapy and enucleation of 5 tumors. Subsequently, nephrectomy was performed at another institution because the abnormal kidney outline due to NSS was misinterpreted as a recurrence of WT. She was lost to followup. Hyperplastic and multicentric nephroblastomatosis is not a rare lesion and is most often associated, either initially or subsequently, with WT. In some infants with multiple solid renal masses on imaging chemotherapy and for developing WT NSS may safely allow maximum sparing of the parenchyma of both kidneys.

Surgery-Related Factors and Local Recurrence of Wilms Tumor in National Wilms Tumor Study 4

Surgery-Related Factors and Local Recurrence of Wilms Tumor in National Wilms Tumor Study 4

Recurrence of wilms tumor after apparent cure: T.H. Kim, G.S. Zaatari, E.S. Baum, et al. J Pediatr 107:44–48, (July), 1985

Recurrence of wilms tumor after apparent cure: T.H. Kim, G.S. Zaatari, E.S. Baum, et al. J Pediatr 107:44–48, (July), 1985

Recurrence of Wilms Tumor After Apparent Cure

Recurrence of Wilms Tumor After Apparent Cure

Recurrence of Wilms tumor after apparent cure

The recurrence of Wilms tumor after a 5-year disease-free interval is rare. We present two patients who had recurrent disease after a disease-free interval of greater than 7 years. Three additional patients, registered with the National Wilms Tumor Study who had a recurrence after 5 years, are also described. Of these three patients, two had nephroblastomatosis. Because more patients are achieving long-term survival, careful surveillance after apparent "cure" is recommended, particularly if nephroblastomatosis is identified in the original nephrectomy specimen.

Late Recurrence of Wilms Tumor

Three patients with Wilms tumors recurring after nine years in an organized abdominal hematoma, after ten years in the lung, and after eleven years in the central nervous system, respectively, are presented. It is proposed that the nephroblastoma cells have survived in a latent or a very slowly growing state. The reactivation mechanisms are briefly discussed. A review of the literature indicates a rate of recurrence of nonmetastasizing Wilms tumors later than 24 months of 1.4--3.9%.

Recurrence of wilms tumor — twenty-three years later

A case of Wilms tumor recurrent twenty-three years after the initial nephrectomy and subsequent radiotherapy is presented. Late recurrence of Wilms tumor is rare, and one must postulate a breakdown in the host's immune surveillance system to explain such an unusual event.