Rectangular Substrate Research Articles

Single-Cell Hypertrophy Promotes Contractile Function of Cultured Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells via Piezo1 and YAP Auto-Regulation.

Severe asthma is characterized by increased cell volume (hypertrophy) and enhanced contractile function (hyperresponsiveness) of the airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). The causative relationship and underlying regulatory mechanisms between them, however, have remained unclear. Here, we manipulated the single-cell volume of in vitro cultured human ASMCs to increase from 2.7 to 5.2 and 8.2 × 103 μm3 as a simulated ASMC hypertrophy by culturing the cells on micropatterned rectangular substrates with a width of 25 μm and length from 50 to 100 and 200 μm, respectively. We found that as the cell volume increased, ASMCs exhibited a pro-contractile function with increased mRNA expression of contractile proteins, increased cell stiffness and traction force, and enhanced response to contractile stimulation. We also uncovered a concomitant increase in membrane tension and Piezo1 mRNA expression with increasing cell volume. Perhaps more importantly, we found that the enhanced contractile function due to cell volume increase was largely attenuated when membrane tension and Piezo1 mRNA expression were downregulated, and an auto-regulatory loop between Piezo1 and YAP mRNA expression was also involved in perpetuating the contractile function. These findings, thus, provide convincing evidence of a direct link between hypertrophy and enhanced contractile function of ASMCs that was mediated via Piezo1 mRNA expression, which may be specifically targeted as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat pulmonary diseases associated with ASMC hypertrophy such as severe asthma.

Design of low-cost humidity sensor based on chipless RFID

It is of great significance to design a low-cost chipless radio frequency identification(RFID) sensor for environmental humidity monitoring. To this end, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film is used as a humidity sensitive material, and the overall size of the rectangular substrate is 18 mm × 18 mm ×0.5 mm. Through the humidity sensing principle and simulation analysis, the change of environmental humidity causes the change of the dielectric constant of the humidity sensitive material PVA, which in turn affects the resonant frequency offset of the entire sensor. The simulation results show that the relative humidity working range of the designed humidity sensor is 21.9% ∼ 52.5%, the corresponding sensor resonant frequency range is 2.76 ∼ 2.51GHz, the total offset reaches 250 MHz, and the average sensitivity at the maximum relative humidity is 23.08MHz/% . The designed humidity sensor has the advantages of miniaturization, simple structure and low cost, and can be used for humidity monitoring in various target environments. Keywords.low cost; chipless RFID humidity sensor; polyvinyl alcohol; humidity monitoring; humidity sensitive material.

Optimizing the grasping behavior of a soft robot's gripper

AbstractIn this study, smart composite materials based on 4D printing technology were used to determine the grasping ability of four‐claw gripper of soft robot. First, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is used to prepare polylactic acid (PLA) strips on the surface of a rectangular bamboo substrate to create a single‐claw gripper for a smart composite soft robot, while using stimulus (heat) to deform and recover its original shape. Here, the authors first evaluate the deformation and recovery angle of the single‐claw gripper of the smart composite soft robot, as well as various processing parameters such as heating temperature and time. This study then used FDM to print PLA ribbons on cross‐shaped bamboo sheets to design the four‐claw gripper of soft robot and its gripper technology was actuation type. Then, the four‐claw gripper of soft robot was used to grab the table tennis ball to test its grasping ability. Finally, four processing parameters (width of claw, pitch of PLA ribbon, heating temperature, and heating time) were applied to determine the grasping ability of the four‐claw gripper of soft robot. The optimal processing parameters for the grasping ability of the four‐claw gripper of soft robot were width of claw of 20.2 mm, pitch of PLA ribbon of 1 mm, heating temperature of 200°C, and the heating time of 15 s. The authors also applied the operation window of two processing parameters to discuss the success of the grasping ability of the four‐claw gripper of soft robot. The innovation of this study is the use of PLA/bamboo composite materials as the four‐claw gripper of soft robot and these materials are cheap, easy to obtain, and can be recycled naturally. This study uses a simple thermal stimulus to enable the four‐claw gripper of soft robot to easily grasp irregular objects.Highlights The innovative composite material of polylactic acid and bamboo fabricated by 3D printing. Width of claw and heating temperature are the key factors on grasping ability. Operating window of grasping ability appears on four‐claw gripper of soft robot.

A Wideband Millimeter-Wave Dual-Beam Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Substrate Integration Capability.

A wideband dual-beam dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with substrate integration capability was proposed for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications. The four rows of air vias along the x-direction and two extended rectangular patches could shift the undesirable radiation mode upward and move the conical-beam radiation mode downward, respectively. Thus, the TE211 mode and the TE411 mode of the patch-loaded perforated rectangular substrate integrated dielectric resonator (SIDR) supporting the dual-beam radiation can be retained in the operating band, and their radiation can be improved by the air vias along the y-direction. The T-shaped line coupled dual-slot structure could excite the above two modes, and a dual-slot mode supporting dual-beam radiation could also work. Then, a wideband DRA with a stable dual-beam radiation angle can be achieved, and its impedance matching can be improved by two air slots on two sides. Compared with the state-of-the-art dual-beam antennas, the proposed antenna shows a wider bandwidth, a higher radiation efficiency, and the substrate integration capability of DRA, making it more suitable for mm-wave applications. For demonstration, a 1 × 4 array was designed with the 10 dB impedance matching bandwidth of 41.2% and the directions of the dual beams between ±30° and ±35°.

Study on Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Double-End Supported Elastic Substrate Prepared by Wet Etching Process.

Preparing elastic substrates as a carrier for dual-end supported nickel chromium thin film strain sensors is crucial. Wet etching is a vital microfabrication process widely used in producing microelectronic components for various applications. This article combines lithography and wet etching methods to microprocess the external dimensions and rectangular grooves of 304 stainless steel substrates. The single-factor variable method was used to explore the influence mechanism of FeCl3, HCl, HNO3, and temperature on the etching rate, etching factor, and etching surface roughness. The optimal etching parameter combination was summarized: an FeCl3 concentration of 350 g/L, HCl concentration of 150 mL/L, HNO3 concentration of 100 mL/L, and temperature of 40 °C. In addition, by comparing the surface morphology, microstructure, and chemical and mechanical properties of a 304 stainless steel substrate before and after etching treatment, it can be seen that the height difference of the substrate surface before and after etching is between 160 μm and -70 μm, which is basically consistent with the initial design of 0.2 mm. The results of an XPS analysis and Raman spectroscopy analysis both indicate that the surface C content increases after etching, and the corrosion resistance of the surface after etching decreases. The nano-hardness after etching increased by 26.4% compared to before, and the ζ value decreased by 7%. The combined XPS and Raman results indicate that the changes in surface mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel substrates after etching are mainly caused by the formation of micro-nanostructures, grain boundary density, and dislocations after wet etching. Compared with the initial rectangular substrate, the strain of the I-shaped substrate after wet etching increased by 3.5-4 times. The results of this study provide the preliminary process parameters for the wet etching of a 304 stainless steel substrate of a strain measuring force sensor and have certain guiding significance for the realization of simple steps and low cost of 304 stainless steel substrate micro-nano-processing.

Super compact and ultra-wideband bandpass filter with three band notches using triple-mode stepped impedance resonator and defected ground structure

A super-compact ultra-wideband (UWB) microstrip band-pass filter (BPF) with triple-notched bands and wide stopband is proposed in this paper. The super-compactness of the proposed filter is achieved by integrating the modified SCRLH-TL UWB-BPF and backbone-shaped defected ground structure (DGS). The equivalent LC circuit models of the DGS and the modified SCRLH-TL UWB-BPF with the DGS are analyzed to validate their numerical simulation results. To introduce the triple notched-bands to mitigate the interference the two triple-mode SIRs are designed and loaded on the modified UWB-BPF without increasing the circuit size. The proposed filter was fabricated by using a conventional PCB process with the substrate of FR4. The measured 3-dB passband ranges from 2.8 through 10.2 GHz with the fractional bandwidth (FBW) of about 114%. The triple-notched bands with attenuation of more than 15 dB are measured at 4.4, 5.3 and 8.2 GHz, respectively. The filter exhibits a high selectivity with steep skirt property and has a wide upper stopband with an out-of-band rejection of −10 dB at 11.8−20 GHz. Its total dimension, including the rectangular substrate with feed lines, occupies only 16mm × 8 mm.

Dynamics of multicellular swirling on micropatterned substrates

Chirality plays a crucial role in biology, as it is highly conserved and fundamentally important in the developmental process. To better understand the relationship between the chirality of individual cells and that of tissues and organisms, we develop a generalized mechanics model of chiral polarized particles to investigate the swirling dynamics of cell populations on substrates. Our analysis reveals that cells with the same chirality can form distinct chiral patterns on ring-shaped or rectangular substrates. Interestingly, our studies indicate that an excessively strong or weak individual cellular chirality hinders the formation of such chiral patterns. Our studies also indicate that there exists the influence distance of substrate boundaries in chiral patterns. Smaller influence distances are observed when cell-cell interactions are weaker. Conversely, when cell-cell interactions are too strong, multiple cells tend to be stacked together, preventing the formation of chiral patterns on substrates in our analysis. Additionally, we demonstrate that the interaction between cells and substrate boundaries effectively controls the chiral distribution of cellular orientations on ring-shaped substrates. This research highlights the significance of coordinating boundary features, individual cellular chirality, and cell-cell interactions in governing the chiral movement of cell populations and provides valuable mechanics insights into comprehending the intricate connection between the chirality of single cells and that of tissues and organisms.

Dimensional crossover in Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth.

Two-dimensional (2D) Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) growth is usually investigated on substrates of lateral sizes L_{x}=L_{y}, so that L_{x} and the correlation length (ξ) are the only relevant lengths determining the scaling behavior. However, in cylindrical geometry, as well as in flat rectangular substrates L_{x}≠L_{y} and, thus, the surfaces can become correlated in a single direction, when ξ∼L_{x}≪L_{y}. From extensive simulations of several KPZ models, we demonstrate that this yields a dimensional crossover in their dynamics, with the roughness scaling as W∼t^{β_{2D}} for t≪t_{c} and W∼t^{β_{1D}} for t≫t_{c}, where t_{c}∼L_{x}^{1/z_{2D}}. The height distributions (HDs) also cross over from the 2D flat (cylindrical) HD to the asymptotic Tracy-Widom Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (Gaussian unitary ensemble) distribution. Moreover, 2D to one-dimensional (1D) crossovers are found also in the asymptotic growth velocity and in the steady-state regime of flat systems, where a family of universal HDs exists, interpolating between the 2D and 1D ones as L_{y}/L_{x} increases. Importantly, the crossover scalings are fully determined and indicate a possible way to solve 2D KPZ models.

Controlling capillary flow by using laser-fabricated acrylic substrates with rectangular grooves for the improvement of repeatability of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy liquid analysis

To enhance the consistency of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) in detecting dried liquid droplets, a rectangular groove substrate prepared by laser etching of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic board is proposed in this work to suppress the Coffee Ring Effect (CRE). Located at the corner of the substrate, the right-angled heat source structure induces a significant inward thermal capillary flow within the groove, thus inhibiting solute capillary flow. At the later stages of heating, the edge deposition that occurs during evaporation is suppressed by the sawtooth-like microscopic grooves, along with the capillary effects in associated with the liquid. The rationale of CRE suppression by the rectangular groove substrate is theoredically analyzed based on the coupled thermal-solute capillary flow theory. With LIBS used to scan the samples within rectangular and circular groove substrates, it is revealed that the relative standard deviation (RSD) of spectral intensities for Cd I 259.28 nm and Cu I 324.27 nm in the rectangular groove substrate with a depth of 0.1 mm (RSD = 4.2%, RSD = 2.1%) is less significant than in the circular groove substrate (RSD = 41.2%, RSD = 39.3%). On average, the RSD is 7.6% and 7.3%, respectively, which indicates the effect of the rectangular groove substrate on CRE suppression. On this basis, calibration curves are drawn for Cd and Cu to indicate the good fitting results for the rectangular groove substrate, with the determination coefficient (R2) reaching 0.997 and 0.996 for Cd and Cu, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.48 μg/mL and 0.35 μg/mL, respectively. The cross-validation root mean square error (RMSECV) is 2.02 μg/mL and 1.36 μg/mL, respectively. These results demonstrate that the rectangular groove substrate is effective in suppressing the CRE, and in enhancing the sensitivity of detection and the accuracy of heavy metal prediction, which provides guidance for platform selection in the pre-processing stage of LIBS technology.

Design and Implementation of Novel H-Shaped Self-Diplexing SIW Rectangular Cavity-Backed Antenna with Harmonic Suppression for Terrestrial Communications

A novel and low profile, planar, rectangular cavity-backed self-diplexing substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna with H-shaped slot for dual-band wireless services was designed and demonstrated. The proposed antenna structure radiates from H-shaped slot, which is etched on top of the SIW rectangular cavity, and is excited by two separate 50 Ω microstrip feed lines. The H-shaped slot is a combination of two vertical slots and one horizontal slot; because of that the presented antenna radiates at two distinct frequency bands around 8.95 GHz and 10 GHz, simultaneously. The design methodology results show that the H-shaped slot is significantly more effective than various other slots in the proposed geometry to suppress the unwanted harmonics, attaining good impedance matching and bandwidths and achieving better isolation between these two ports. Hence, the complete design mechanism helped to achieve self-diplexing characteristics. Furthermore, a self-diplexing H-shaped SIW rectangular cavity-backed antenna was fabricated and characterized for the complete demonstration purpose and found good covenants between the simulated one. Measured results show that the presented designed has impedance bandwidths for the lower and upper frequency bands of around 2.0% (8.89–9.03 GHz) and 3.1% (10.01–10.32 GHz), respectively, and obtained maximum measured gain of 5.11 dBi and 5.41 dBi at 8.95 GHz and 10.15 GHz, respectively. The proposed self-diplexing SIW rectangular cavity-backed structure shows that front-to-back ratios (FTBRs) are more than 21 dB, and on the other side, it provides good isolation between the two ports, which is more than 20 dB.

Dual‐mode dielectric resonator antenna design with stub‐loaded feeding slot

AbstractA dual‐mode dielectric resonator antenna based on a microstrip line‐slot coupling feed, operating in both the GMS‐900 and GMS‐1800 frequency bands, is presented. The antenna structure consists of a rectangular dielectric substrate and a cylindrical dielectric resonator, which is fed by a microstrip line‐slot coupling. The cylindrical resonant cavity and the dual‐stub coupling slot are designed so that the HEM111 and HEM311 modes are excited simultaneously, resulting in resonance at the two desired frequency points. The gain of the antenna is 3.74 and 7.63 dBi at 0.9 and 1.8 GHz respectively, and the efficiency of the antenna is greater than 70% in both operating bands.

Optimization of Substrate Sizes for In Situ Stress Measurement in Electrodeposits Relying on Nonlinear Effects

In situ stress measurements have been widely used in various deposition processes for stress detection. The substrate size can affect the uniformity of curvature across the entire surface, which is a major cause of incorrect stress measurements. However, because of the inherent concept of measurement theory and the complexities of the influence of substrate size on measurement accuracy, the underlying nonlinear effects of the rectangular substrate are still not fully understood. We discovered that increasing the substrate size caused an increase in nonlinear effect (nonuniform distribution of curvature radii and stresses in the x and y directions) and surface defects on the rectangular substrate using in situ stress measurement. Furthermore, the bending stiffness of the substrate, which was influenced by the substrate size, was established to illustrate the effect of substrate size on the nonlinear effect. The total stress of the deposit was concentrated at the edge in both the x and y directions, and the deposit at the edge was prone to delamination and cracking. When the substrate size was reduced, the deposit surface did not show obvious defects, and the stress errors in the x and y directions were only 2.34% and 2.54%, respectively. These findings will be beneficial to improve the accuracy of in situ stress measurement and further understand the causes of nonlinear effects.

A miniaturized aperture‐coupled 4 × 4 MIMO array SIW antenna at K band

AbstractA planar miniaturized rectangular substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity resonator with an array of patches is presented, which enhances the overall gain of antenna at the K band. The aperture‐coupled feeding is provided from SIW rectangular cavity resonator to reduce radiation losses as in microstrip feeding at a higher frequency. The resonating fields from the cavity excite an array of patches on the substrate. This is further replicated uniformly to design a 4 × 4 element multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna. The overall antenna dimension is 2λ × 3.1λ × 0.07λ, where λ is the operating wavelength. The compact structure configuration provides a high peak gain of 13.98 dBi resonating at 19.97 GHz in a broadside direction. An isolation of −17.53 dB is achieved by inserting metal pins. The envelope correlation coefficient of 0.0001 and total active reflection coefficient of −10 dB show characteristics of a high‐performing MIMO antenna. The antenna structure is simulated using HFSS ver. 2022, measured using Anritsu Vector Network Analyzer and Anechoic Chamber, the simulated and measured results are in good concurrence. The antenna is suitable for satellite communication, short‐range wireless applications in IoT, and radar.

Reduction of edge beading defects on rectangular substrates using a rotation about an axis perpendicular to the spin axis

Here, we consider the coating dynamics of a binary liquid on a rectangular substrate that both spins and rotates about an axis perpendicular to the spin axis. This rotation causes not only a force parallel to the substrate but a large normal force on the horizontal region of the substrate, known as elevated gravity. This force not only smooths out any irregularities in the film, it also causes an increase in the evaporation rate, resulting in a higher viscosity, which in turn decreases the thinning of the coating due to centrifugal forces. We derive the lubrication form of the governing equations for such a geometry that includes surface tension and body forces acting on the liquid due to the spinning and rotation of the substrate, as well as viscosity changes and surface tension gradients due to evaporation of the volatile component. The resultant coupled nonlinear differential equations are solved numerically using an efficient alternating direction implicit method. The numerical results indicate that the rotation can reduce edge beading defects for parameters typically employed by the spin coating industry. It is particularly effective for small average coating thicknesses, where it can almost eliminate edge beading. Surface tension gradients, which act in the post rotation dry phase, can also further affect edge beading, particularly in the corner regions.

Reduction of Alternating‐Current Resistance and Heat Generation of Spiral Inductors with Magnetic Sealing Technique

As direct current–direct current (DC–DC) converters increase their power density, their inductors require a planar structure with good heat dissipation. Planar inductors use rectangular wires or substrate patterns for their windings. Winding structures can be stacked, in which the structures are on top of each other; spiral, in which the windings are configured in the same plane; or composite structures of both. Here, the authors clarify the alternating‐current (AC) resistance of inductors with different winding structures and propose a magnetic sealing technique (MST) that reduces the AC resistance of low‐profile spiral inductors. Magnetic field simulation revealed the effect of MST on the AC resistance and inductance. Furthermore, spiral inductors with MST were fabricated, and the AC resistance reduction effect of MST was confirmed with impedance analyzer. The heat‐generation reduction effect in an MST inductor was demonstrated in a 1‐MHz 100 V/320 V 800‐W boost DC–DC converter prototype with GaN devices. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Compact and Wide Stopband Bandpass Filters Based on Dual-Mode Folded Circular Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavities

This article presents a novel class of compact and wide stopband bandpass filters based on dual-mode folded circular substrate integrated waveguide cavities (FCSIWCs). By employing both TM <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{020}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> and TM <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{110}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> modes of the FCSIWC as resonant modes and TM <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{010}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> mode as nonresonating mode, a doublet with two poles and two transmission zeros (TZs) is implemented. The TZs can be located either both below or both above the passband, or one below and one above. By combining the dual-mode FCSIWC and single-mode folded rectangular substrate integrated waveguide cavities (FRSIWCs), a class of compact and wide stopband four-pole box-section filters is proposed. In addition, a more selective five-pole extended box-section filter is implemented by loading a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) on the four-pole filter structure, without occupying any additional area. Two prototypes are fabricated and measured to validate the proposed filters.

Influence of rectangular substrate chamfer on edge bead effect of a spin-coated thin film

Spin coating is a common method for fabricating thin films. The edge bead effect is a major contributor to thin film non-uniformities. This study investigates the influence of chamfer angles and widths of a rectangular substrate on the edge bead formation mechanism in spin-coated films. Through the use of volume-of-fluid simulations and experiments, it was determined that the chamfer angle had a significant impact on the edge bead effect, while the chamfer width was not found to be a major factor. The use of a synchronous chamber in spin coating was found to negatively affect film planarization by restricting solvent evaporation and elevating its concentration, leading to a decreased film thickness. Additionally, the study concluded that the edge effect is not impacted by the Bernoulli effect or liquid accumulation along the edge if the average film thickness is below 1500 nm. The main reason for reducing the height of the edge bead was determined to be liquid fusion at the edge of the substrate, which only occurred when the chamfer width was close to the film thickness.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: High-gain reconfigurable polarization antenna based on metamaterial array for Terahertz applications

This paper suggestsproposes a high-gain reconfigurable polarization antenna using a metasurface polarizaer. The metasurface polarizer is a rectangular array that consists of similar 25 unit-cell elements. Each metamaterial (MM) unit-cell element consists of a circular copper patch attached to two copper arrow-shaped strips installed at its circumference. The circular patch and two arrows are installed between a rectangular superstrate at the top and a rectangular substrate at the bottom, which is backed with a perfect electric conductor with a relative permittivity of εsub = 3.38. The MM characteristics are obtained in a wide range of frequencies from 1.4 to 2.1 THz. The metasurface polarizer array is installed at an optimized height of 25 μm under a linear polarized dipole antenna that operates at 1.81 THz with a bandwidth (BW) of 0.2 THz from 1.75 to 1.95 THz (11.05%, − 10 dB BW) and gain of 2.27 dBi. The incident-plane wave from the antenna can be converted into a reconfigurable left- or right-hand circular polarization according to the directions of the arrow of the MM unit-cell element. Moreover, the operating − 10-dB BW of the dipole antenna increases to 30.93%, and the gain is enhanced to 6.18 dBi at the same operating frequency. A reconfigurable polarization conversion for the dipole antenna can be obtained over wide 3-dB axial ratio BW from 1.45 to 1.95 THz (33.3% BW).

Molecular properties of PTCDA on graphene grown on a rectangular symmetry substrate

The chemical modulation associated with moiré patterns, arising at the interface of metal-supported 2D material systems, affects the interaction between molecules and 2D materials on surfaces. Since the crystallography of the support influences the interfacial chemistry of the moiré modulation, this parameter could also play a role in the graphene-molecule interaction, although studies using non-hexagonal metal supports are needed to investigate this effect. It is a key issue since graphene appears combined with organic films in most technological advances related to this material. Here, we have characterized the properties of PTCDA molecules on graphene grown on Rh(110) substrates, which exhibit a rectangular atomic packing, using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The results showed that PTCDA molecules are arranged on the surface into a herringbone structure exhibiting a long-range ordering, which grows continuously across substrate atomic steps edge and dislocations. The quasi-1D moiré patterns of the Gr/Rh(110) surfaces are found to provide an inert chemical landscape for the molecular arrangement. Bias voltage-dependent imaging of the orbital structure of PTCDA molecules and differential conductance spectra back up a weak molecule–substrate interaction scheme. Finally, the α-polymorph of bulk crystal PTCDA has been determined as the favored stacking configuration for bilayer molecules on Gr/Rh(110).

Calculation and experimental procedure for determining the modulus of elasticity of porous coatings on a substrate during bending. Part 2. Experimental research

As it was mentioned in the first part of this work, to determine the modulus of elasticity of one of the layers of a double-layer beam during bending, it is necessary to know the modulus of elasticity of the other layer and the bending stiffness of the entire section. Therefore, the purpose of the presented part of the work is to experimentally establish the specified characteristics of coated samples of rectangular cross-section and substrate without coating during three-point bending. The results of experimental studies of elastic-geometric characteristics during bending of samples with coatings of VT1-00 and KTC-110 alloys, applied to a substrate of VT6 alloy by microplasma sputtering, with different degrees of porosity, are presented. Analytical calculations of the modulus of elasticity of the specified coatings were carried out, the results of which make it possible to establish the general regularities of its change depending on their degree of porosity.