Rectangular Ring Patch Research Articles

Composite Right/Left-Handed Leaky-Wave Antenna With High Scanning Rate

The scanning rate of a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is usually determined by the dispersive behavior of the corresponding CRLH unit cell. In this letter, a novel CRLH unit cell with high dispersive behavior is proposed and investigated. The unit cell is formed by four stubs embedded in a rectangular ring patch, which is grounded with several metal vias. The right-handed characteristic is enhanced by the ring patch, while the left-handed characteristic is reduced by the vias and the gaps between the patch and the stubs. Then, the unit cell is applied to design an LWA with high scanning rate. The measured result shows that the seamless scanning angle of the antenna prototype is 130° (−65° to +65°) within a frequency range from 9.3 to 9.93 GHz (i.e., 6.6% for fractional bandwidth). Therefore, the proposed LWA antenna is with a high scanning rate up to 19.7°/%BW.

Gain enhancement of a wideband rectangular ring monopole millimeter‐wave antenna using artificial magnetic conductor structure

In this article, the design and development of an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC)-backed compact wideband rectangular ring monopole antenna with high gain is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications. It is constructed through stacking a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed rectangular ring patch monopole antenna over a square modified AMC reflector surface of 5 × 5 periodic unit cells. Primarily, the ring monopole antenna of size 1.21λ0 × 1.21λ0 × 0.023λ0 (at 28 GHz) is designed and exhibits wide impedance bandwidth of 30.64% (25.98–35.38 GHz, 9.4 GHz), a peak gain of 4.86 dBi and front-to-back ratio (FBR) up to 5.2 dB. To enhance the radiation performance of the monopole antenna, a periodic lattice of 5 × 5 unit cells modified square AMC surface with a gap of 0.84λ0 is proposed and it functioned as reflector which enhances the peak gain of about ~77% and it contributes FBR up to 15 dB. Measured results of the modified square AMC-backed monopole antenna reveal a wide impedance bandwidth of 31.27% (25.90–35.50 GHz, 9.6 GHz), a peak gain of 8.59 dBi, and stable radiation characteristics.

Design of Heterogenous Two-Element Array Antenna on an Electrically Thick Substrate for High Isolation and Low Pattern Correlation Using Modal Difference in Radiation Patterns

In this paper, we propose a novel design of a two-element array antenna on an electrical thick substrate with an extremely narrow array distance. The proposed array consists of a rectangular ring patch printed on a thick substrate and a monopole wire in the center of the substrate. Each element has a modal difference in the radiation pattern, causing high isolation and low correlation between the array elements. From the measurement results, the monopole and patch elements exhibit reflection coefficients of −10 dB and −10.7 dB with peak gains of 3.8 dBi and 6.1 dBi, respectively, at 1.6 GHz. The mutual coupling between the two elements is −20.7 dB. For modal analysis of the antenna pattern, spherical mode decomposition is performed on the radiation patterns of the two elements, and low envelope correlation coefficient levels below 16% are maintained. We also investigate the antijamming performance using a power inversion algorithm in a practical pattern nulling application; a null depth of −47.7 dB and a null width of 33.2° are obtained when the interference signal arrives at the elevation angle of 45°.

Integration of Microstrip Patch Antenna with Flexible Thin Film Solar Cell

The implementation of flexible Dual band rectangular ring patch antenna combined with a thin film solar cell is reported. The multiple layers in the encapsulation of the thin film solar cell are used as substrate for the antenna design. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed solar antenna are 1.82 GHz-1.87 GHz (2.71%) centered at 1.85 GHz and 2.38 GHz-2.48 GHz (4.11%) at 2.45 GHz .The measured gain at 1.85 and 2.45 GHz are 4.47 dBi and 4.16 dBi respectively. The flexibility of the antenna is also tested by bending radius of 6cm was used and antenna performed well in bent Condition too. This antenna is suitable for applications like wearable Radio Frequency energy harvesting, to powering the implanted electronics or sensors.

UWB Rectangular DRA Integrated with Reconfigurable Narrowband Antenna for Cognitive Radio Applications

ABSTRACT A new ultra-wideband (UWB) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) integrated with a reconfigurable narrowband (NB) antenna is designed and analyzed for cognitive radio (CR) applications. The UWB antenna consists of a rectangular dielectric resonator which is fed by a microstrip line. The NB antenna composes of a rectangular ring patch and three stubs which is fed by a microstrip line. The UWB and reconfigurable NB antennas provide 2:1 VSWR bandwidth from 3 to 11 GHz and from (3.25 to 3.7 GHz, 5.5 to 6.5 GHz, and 8 to 8.4 GHz), respectively. There is a reasonable isolation between the antennas. The narrowband reconfigurability is achieved by two p-i-n diode switches within the antenna structure. A prototype of the integrated antenna was fabricated and its performance was verified. The dimensions of the antenna are 65 mm × 40 mm × 6.5 mm. The antenna represents good radiation characteristics. Also, in order to reduce mutual coupling, the space between the ground planes is 10 mm.

Compact dual‐band dual circularly polarised annular‐ring patch antenna for BeiDou navigation satellite system application

A compact rectangular-ring patch antenna with dual bands and dual circular polarisation is proposed for BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) application in this study. The compactness of the proposed antenna can be realised through using a rectangular-ring radiation patch for the higher band and a meandered-line-shaped ring radiation patch for the lower band. The radiation patches are stacked and printed, respectively, on the two layers of substrate separated by an air gap. Two pairs of inverted-L shaped strips and perturbation structures are inserted in two radiation patches, respectively, to achieve circularly polarised radiation in dual bands. Specifically, arc-shaped coupled feeding lines are employed to obtain preferable impedance matching. Simulated and measured results show a good performance such as a compact size of 0.201λg × 0.201λg × 0.076λg, satisfactory 10-dB return loss bandwidths (1595–1632 MHz, 2395–2574MHz) and desirable directional radiation patterns with the antenna gain of nearly 4.3 dBic at 1615.68MHz and 6.4 dBic at 2491.75MHz.

A wideband rectangular-ring textile antenna integrated with corner-notched artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) plane

This paper presents the design of a wideband artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) for operation in the Wireless Body Area Network Ultra Wideband (WBAN-UWB) mandatory channel 6. The proposed AMC is incorporated onto a rectangular-ring patch antenna for operation centered at 8 GHz with 2 GHz of bandwidth. The incorporation of the AMC improved the antenna reflection coefficient and impedance bandwidth, besides shielding the radiator against on-body detuning. The prototype is fully fabricated using textiles except for an SMA connector used for feeding. It is observed that the experimental results are in good agreement with the simulations, and bandwidth broadening is successfully achieved and validated.

A NOVEL TRIPLE-BAND RECTANGULAR RING ANTENNA WITH TWO L-SHAPED STRIPS FOR WIMAX AND WLAN APPLICATIONS

A low-proflle microstrip planar monopole antenna with triple-band operation for WiMAX and WLAN applications is proposed in this paper. The antenna has a simple structure which consists of a rectangular ring patch, two inverted L-shaped strips extending from the rectangular ring patch, and a microstrip feed line. By adding two L-shaped strips on the rectangular ring patch, three resonant modes can be excited independently. The antenna has a simple structure and a compact size of 21 £ 33 £ 1:6mm 3 . The measured i10dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna covers 2.39{ 2.51GHz, 3.26{4.15GHz, and 5.0{6.43GHz, which can fully cover the 2.4/5.2/5.8GHz WLAN bands and 3.5/5.5GHz WiMAX bands. A prototype is fabricated, and then measured. The experimental and simulation results show good impedance bandwidth, radiation pattern and stable gain across the operating bands.

Wideband rectangular ring patch antenna with a three-pointed-star strip for WLAN/WiMAX applications

In this article, a novel wideband rectangular ring patch antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications is presented. The antenna is composed of a rectangular ring with microstrip feed line, a three-pointed-star strip and a partial ground plane. With the three-pointed-star strip, the rectangular ring patch antenna can realize wide impedance bandwidth (return loss ≥ 10 dB) of 4162 MHz (2.384–6.546 GHz), which make it easy to cover the required bandwidths for WLAN bands (2.4–2.483, 5.15–5.35, and 5.725–5.825 GHz) and WiMAX bands (2.4–2.6, 3.3–3.8 and 5.25–5.85 GHz) applications. Details of the proposed wideband antenna design are presented and discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26061

Compact Tri-Band Rectangular Ring Patch Antenna with Asymmetrical Strips for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

A novel rectangular ring patch antenna with tri-band operation is presented for WLAN and WiMAX applications. The proposed antenna consists of a rectangular ring patch and a pair of straight strips with different lengths. By placing the two strips asymmetrically with respect to the microstrip feed line, the proposed antenna can operate in triple bands. The 10 dB return loss bandwidths of them are 310 MHz (2.39–2.70 GHz), 490 MHz (3.38–3.87 GHz) and 2680 MHz (4.82–7.50 GHz) respectively, which can cover both the WLAN bands (2.4–2.484 GHz, 5.15–5.35 GHz, and 5.725–5.825 GHz) and the WiMAX bands (2.4–2.6 GHz, 3.4–3.6 GHz, 5.25–5.85 GHz). In addition, the overall dimensions of this proposed antenna are 36 mm (length) × 20 mm (width) × 1 mm (thickness), which is compact compared to conventional tri-band antennas.

Design of microstrip patch antenna using novel U-shaped feeding strip with unequal arm

A novel feeding technique is developed for the microstrip patch antenna. The U-shaped feeding strip with an unequal arm is proposed to feed a printed rectangular ring patch antenna to achieve high gain. Measured results of the prototype antenna agree very well with simulated results. According to the measured results, the antenna shows good impedance bandwidths satisfying ISM 2.45/5.8 GHz with good impedance matching. Stable radiation patterns are achieved with maximum gains of 9.56 and 10.17 dBi for both bands.

A Novel Feeding Technique for a Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna

In this paper, a novel feeding technique is proposed to feed a printed rectangular ring patch antenna that attains high gain in two bands simultaneously. The prototype antenna exhibits good impedance bandwidths satisfying ISM 2.45/5.8 GHz achieving maximum gain of 9.56 and 10.17 dBi, respectively, with a stable radiation pattern.

UHF RFID Reader용 사각 환형 소형 능동 안테나

본 논문에서는 UHF RFID Reader 장치에서 고주파 신호 송신을 위한 발진기형 능동 안테나를 설계 제작하였다. 능동 안테나의 방사체로는 임피던스 정합이 용이하면서 좌선 원형 편파 특성을 갖는 소형화된 사각형 링 패치 안테나가 제안되었다. 이를 기반으로 링 패치 내부의 빈 공간에 RF증폭 회로를 위치시켜 사각형 링 패치와 상호연결하여 궤환 구조를 형성함으로써 발진 회로를 구성하였다. 발진 중심 주파수는 915 MHz이며 링 패치는 발진기의 공진기로 활용하였다. 실험 결과, 임피던스 대역폭 29 MHz, 3 dB 축비 대역폭 20 MHz, 3 dB 빔폭 <TEX>$85^{\circ}$</TEX>, 그리고 유효 방사 전력을 8.8 dBm을 얻었다. In this paper, active integrated antenna with left hand circular polarization(LHCP) for a transmitter of UHF RFID reader has been described. A novel rectangular ring patch as a radiator of the active antenna is proposed for easier impedance matching, smaller patch size, and LHCP characteristics. An amplification circuit is placed in the opening area of the radiator and is combined with it to work as oscillating circuit around 915 MHz. From the test results, impedance bandwidth of 29 MHz, 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 20 MHz, 3 dB beamwidth of 85 degree, and effective radiation power of 8.8 dBm have been obtained.

A compact dual-band dual-polarized patch antenna for 900/1800-MHz cellular systems

A novel compact design for achieving dual-band dual-polarized radiation suitable for applications in the 900/1800-MHz cellular systems is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a rectangular ring patch (for the 900-MHz operation) and a notched rectangular patch (for the 1800-MHz operation), which are printed on the same layer, and each patch is aperture-coupled by two H-shaped coupling slots to generate two orthogonal linearly polarized waves. By further incorporating a properly designed feed network, the proposed antenna shows good port decoupling of less than -39 dB and -34 dB for dual linear polarizations in the 900- and 1800-MHz bands, respectively. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented.