Rectangular Figures Research Articles

Application of 3D Printing in the Design of Functional Gluten-Free Dough.

The design of functional foods through 3D printing is proposed here as one of the most appropriate technologies to provide closer food personalization for the population. However, it is essential to study the properties of the biomaterials intended to be printed. This work will evaluate the incorporation of rosehip as a functional ingredient in a gluten-free dough. Three types of dough (control, rosehip, and encapsulated rosehip) were printed in a rectangular figure of dimensions 7 cm long, 2 cm wide, and 1, 2, and 3 cm high. Changes in printed figures before and after baking were evaluated by image analysis. Physicochemical properties, total phenols (TP), antioxidant capacity (AC), and total carotenoids (TC) were determined both in the pre-printed doughs and in the printed and baked samples. The bread enriched with rosehips presented more orange colors in dough and crumbs. They were also more acidic than control, probably due to the ascorbic acid content of rosehip. The addition of rosehip generally makes the product more resistant to breakage, which could be due to the fiber content of the rosehip. It was observed that the incorporation of rosehip notably improved the functional properties of the bread.

Waste reduction in Rectangular Figure Cutting using a Genetic Algorithm

This paper introduces a genetic algorithm (GA) to minimize the waste produced during the cutting process of rectangular figures on a sheet. The chromosomes for solution codification use an object-based representation. It has the following operator: Partially Mapped Crossover (PMX), mutation based in double interchange (2-opt), and the elitism strategy for the selection process. The proposed algorithm was applied in a real case situation problem, where the numbers of items were 55 pieces. The result of this implementation was a reduction of the waste as a result of the decrease in the number of sheets used in the cutting process and at the same time an effective employment of the used area.

An Image Retrieval Method Based on Machine Learning and SVM

Image recognition has been a research hotspot in the field of machine learning; this paper puts forward a kind of cascade algorithm based on SVM and AdaBoost. The algorithm to select the sample pretreatment, fixed size of window image segmentation into different areas, then using Haar - like rectangular figure characteristics of integral method for feature extraction, finally using AdaBoost cascade classifier to classify the SVM training. Through the face recognition experiments show AdaBoost cascade of SVM algorithm improve the classification accuracy, error rate get reduced obviously.

Third- to fourth-grade students’ conceptions of multiplication and area measurement

In this study, 34 children were evaluated in order to elucidate their multiplicative thinking and interpretation of the area formula of a rectangle, and to determine what roles these factors play in solving area measurement problems. One-on-one interviews and problem-solving tasks were employed to explore the problem-solving skills of the children regarding these two concepts. This study also explored how the associations changed throughout two consecutive phases, from the third to the fourth grades. The results indicated that in the third grade, multiplicative thinking was associated with the solving of area measurement problems. Third-grade children who understood the meaning of the multiplication symbol “p × q” in models (e.g., the set model and arrays) outperformed children who understood only partial multiplicative concepts or additive thinking; however, the association between multiplicative thinking and solving area measurement problems was not significant in the fourth grade. In contrast, children’s ability to interpret the area formula of a rectangle was associated with their performance at solving area measurement problems throughout the third and fourth grades. The way of interpreting the area formula was associated with the extent to which the children understood multiplication, area measurement, and the spatial concepts embedded in rectangular figures. The instructional implications of the study are discussed in terms of developing child abilities to solve area measurement problems by connecting multiplication and area measurement.

The Recovery of Shape from 3rd-order Counter-change Specified Motion vs. 1st-order Motion Energy

Visual information is often noisy and ambiguous. To overcome this, the visual system exploits multiple sources of information to resolve ambiguity. Here we investigate the use of different kinds of motion information to recover the shape of a displaced object from the noisy background of a random dot cinematogram (RDC). The ability to perceive shape-from-motion in an RDC depends on the ability to segregate the coherent motion of the object from incoherent background motion. The stimuli in Experiment 1 were two-frame RDCs; a rectangular figure is displaced and the background updated randomly. For half the trials, the contrast is reversed during the second frame, creating reverse-phi motion. Subjects indicated the perceived motion direction (left or right) and shape (tall or wide). Judgments could be based on either 3rd-order counterchange-specified motion or 1st-order motion energy when contrast was not reversed, but only on motion energy when it was reversed. Experiment 2 was identical except that triangular figures were displaced; shape discrimination was based on the triangles’ orientation. Following Sato (1989), shape was easily discernible for small displacements in the non-reverse condition, but not in the reverse-contrast condition, for which reverse-phi motion is perceived in the direction opposite to the displacement. Differences in shape were weakly inferred from differences in reverse-phi motion strength between the flat and upright rectangles; this was eliminated when reverse-phi motion strength was balanced for the triangular shapes in Experiment 2. The results suggest that motion energy provides information that can inferentially aid simple shape discrimination, but is distinct from the non-reverse condition, for which a segregated figure can be perceived. We conclude that 3rd-order, counterchange-specified motion is the basis for perceiving shape-from-motion in the RDC. Its absence for motion in the reverse-phi direction is consistent with the "objectless" quality of 1st-order motion energy. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2012

Once upon a time there was complex numerical estimation

Once upon a time there was complex numerical estimation

Morphostructural analysis of Jamaica

To Jamaica, macroblock in differential ascent in the plate boundary zone of the Caribbean—North America, a set of morphostructural and geological methods and procedures was applied that permitted its neostructure to be explained. It is composed of two mesoblocks, 11 blocks, 29 microblocks, and 65 nanoblocks. This group configures a heterogeneous network of morphoalignments and knots; knot N1 (Montego) and N11 (Kingston) being the most active. The main watershed was delimited, with an E-W strike, that reflects in its inflections the influence of a shear tectonic, mainly ancient, and that watershed divides the insular territory into two sectors (of rectangular figures) to the north and to the south. The river network is conditioned, in sectors and fundamentally, by tectonic factors. From a morphometric point of view the greater levels of uplifting (>1000 m) are located in the eastern part, in the Blue Mountains, though the estimated raising sectors denote that on its edges the recent intensity reaches values of ∼500 m. The contemporary faulting is more important in the marine parts of the north and of the south zones where the strongest earthquakes are located; however, this element is linked differently with the disruptive structures inherited, modified and active of the emerged part, those which determined that they are neither vast nor homogeneous. The seismic activity is justified by its space—time location in a transpression area of the plate boundary zone and where six relevant seismogenetic zones exist. In these elements the larger geological hazard is framed.

Local capture in Balint's syndrome: Effects of grouping and item familiarity

We assessed the factors contributing to local capture in G.K., a patient with Balint's syndrome. G.K. found it difficult to identify the global shape of a compound stimulus, and his poor identification of the global shape was not resolved by introducing familiar local stimuli that were either from the same category as the global target but not tied to a response (Experiment 1) or that belonged to a different category to the target (Experiment 2). Effects of item familiarity were tested by examining local capture from Hebrew letters on compound English letters. Prior to training with the Hebrew letters, G.K. was able to identify the global compounds (Experiment 3a). In contrast, after training with the letters, there was a significant increase in local capture (Experiment 3b). Two additional experiments examined effects of local grouping. Local capture was reduced when the local elements were rectangles or ellipses and grouped by closure of local elements (Experiment 4). Global discrimination also improved when local items were unfamiliar rectangular figure eights (Experiment 5a). However, these grouping effects were counteracted by effects of familiarity when the local elements were changed slightly to become familiar number eights (Experiment 5b). The data suggest that familiar local items are likely to capture spatial attention, whilst grouping by closure between local elements can help global shapes compete for spatial attention with local elements in such patients. The impairment in global perception in Balint's syndrome is not all-or-none but graded according to the factors influencing local capture.

Large capacity storage of integrated objects before change blindness

Normal people have a strikingly low ability to detect changes in a visual scene. This has been taken as evidence that the brain represents only a few objects at a time, namely those currently in the focus of attention. In the present study, subjects were asked to detect changes in the orientation of rectangular figures in a textured display across a 1600 ms gray interval. In the first experiment, change detection improved when the location of a possible change was cued during the interval. The cue remained effective during the entire interval, but after the interval, it was ineffective, suggesting that an initially large representation was overwritten by the post-change display. To control for an effect of light intensity during the interval on the decay of the representation, we compared performance with a gray or a white interval screen in a second experiment. We found no difference between these conditions. In the third experiment, attention was occasionally misdirected during the interval by first cueing the wrong figure, before cueing the correct figure. This did not compromise performance compared to a single cue, indicating that when an item is attentionally selected, the representation of yet unchosen items remains available. In the fourth experiment, the cue was shown to be effective when changes in figure size and orientation were randomly mixed. At the time the cue appeared, subjects could not know whether size or orientation would change, therefore these results suggest that the representation contains features in their ‘bound’ state. Together, these findings indicate that change blindness involves overwriting of a large capacity representation by the post-change display.

An Abstraction of Feeling: Mark Rothko and the Subject of Aesthetic Judgement

The works of Mark Rothko, whose works aligned with Abstract Expressionism are analysed from the point of view of affect and sensation in modernist painting. The author refers to certain compositional devices in his paintings, soft rectangular figures often occurring in the edge of the canvas, and considers how the persistent use of this device may relate to what Rothko called feeling.

EFFECTIVENESS OF AN ARTIFICIAL TRENCH FOR HARBOR TRANQUILITY

In order to reduce wave heights in a harbor, an artificial trench installed in front of theharbor entrance was newly proposed as alternative works of detached and offshore breakwaters. Based on the wave refraction mechanism by water depth variations, change of wave propagation direction by the artificial trench is realized. Several factors regarding artificial trenches, such as locations, sizes, plane figures and so on, were examined theoretically by the numerical method of analysis. For the comparison, effectiveness of a rectangular resonator for harbor tranquility was also examined. It was confirmed that artificial trenches with a circular and rectangular figures are effective for reducing incoming waves to the harbors, especially for normal incidence of waves to that entrance.

A Cybernetic Approach to Study the Learnability of the Logo Turtle World

Research has demonstrated that children experience great difficulty in gaining mastery of the syntax and the semantic structure of the LOGO programming environment. The study presented in this article tests the hypothesis that simplification of the semantic structure will facilitate semantic understanding and acquisition of syntax knowledge within the LOGO Turtle World. Two microworlds were designed to carry out the same class of tasks using an identical set of basic commands, but comprising a different semantic structure. They were designed applying the theory of automata and abstract languages. The article demonstrates that different formal grammars can be formulated from one set of terminal symbols (i.e., basic commands of the LOGO Turtle World). Furthermore, it demonstrates how different finite-state machines correspond with these different grammars. In this study, two finite-state machines are defined: a one-state machine (ORTHO-1) and a four-state machine (ORTHO-4). Both machines can produce analogous rectangular figures in response to sequences of input symbols chosen from an identical input alphabet. Each of these abstract machines was physically realized as a computer-based microworld similar to the LOGO Turtle World. In an experiment with second and third grade children, it was found that the semantically simpler microworld (i.e., ORTHO-1) produced better semantic understanding as well as better mastery of the syntax of the input commands. The result occurred despite the fact that these microworlds used identical input commands.

An invariant Riemann type integral defined by figures

We show that a multidimensional generalized Riemann integral defined by means of rectangular figures is already invariant with respect to lipeomorphic changes of coordinates.

Use of pheromone traps for the proper timing of fumigation in the storage environment1

We have broadly divided the methods of storage insect manipulation into curative and preventive measures. Sex and aggregation pheromoncs combined with additional sensory stimuli in adhesive bait traps can be utilized as a preventive measure which may lead to insectistasis (a state wherein the insect population density is diminished to the extent of allowing storage without significant impairment). Insectistasis can be readily achieved by continual supervision of store rooms, use of adhesive bait traps in combination with a limited number of curative measures (e.g. gaseous or contact insecticides) timed according to the extent of trap catches. The sensory stimuli causing male storage moths (Phycitinae) to fly towards these bait traps involve, in sequence, a circadian rhythm, increasing or decreasing light (intensity approximately 1–10 Lux), an air current, a vertical rectangular figure and the main pheromone component. The antennae of male Anagasta kuehniella, Ephestia elutella and Plodia interpunctella comprise two types of receptor cells, of which one is selectively responsive to (Z,E)‐9,12‐tetradecadienyl acetate (TDA) and (Z)‐9‐tetradecenyl acetate (TA), while the other responds to (Z,E)‐9,12‐tetradecadien‐l‐ol (TDO).

Aesthetic Preferences for the Proportions and Forms of Graticules

AbstractIn addition to their mathematical and cartographic characteristics, earth graticules can be viewed as simple geometric forms having certain properties of shape, proportion, size, and texture. Results of many studies in experimental aesthetics suggest that the proportion of 1:1.6, the golden proportion, may have special universal appeal. A paired comparison experiment was conducted to determine whether people have any consistent preferences for the proportions and shapes of graticules. Elliptical and rectangular figures which ranged in proportion from 1:1.0 to 1:2.5 were used. A strong preference was found for ellipses over rectangles, but there was not evidence of a 'golden graticule' in the proportion of 1:1.6. Rather, more compact dimensions were preferred in both types of figures.

Une singulière illusion visuelle: L'Effet Piston apparent

Through a narrow horizontal slit the subjects view a black rectangular figure at rest on a white background; this figure moves then from top to bottom until it disappears from sight. After a determined interval, a similar figure appears at the top of the slit and moves toward the bottom. This process is repeated several times.This produces an illusion which can be described as follows: one and the same figure disappears behind the lower edge of the slit in the downward movement and then reappears at the same place and moves from the bottom to the top of the slit (or conversely). The figure thus seems to execute a to-and-fro movement in which the reversal of the movement is hidden behind the lower edge of the slit. This illusion, which we call the ‘piston effect’, is the subject of this paper.

Et landsbyhus på Gørding Hede

Et landsbyhus på Gørding Hede

The Numerical Solution of Laplace's Equation in Composite Rectangular Areas

An analytical method is developed which yields key values of a harmonic function U in rectangular figures in terms of certain simple combinations of known boundary values, which we call Laplacian perimeters and denote by P. From the key values all the remaining interior values can be directly and rapidly calculated. The basic ideas consist of the introduction of four elementary figures of variable lengths: 3(2+δ), 3(3+δ), 4(2+δ), and 4(3+δ), where 0≤δ≤1, for which the key values are found algebraically, Eqs. (9.1) to (9.8) inclusive, and of combining analytically these elementary cases to obtain continuous solutions for rectangles (3×n′) and (4×n′) for any number n′ greater than 2. The general expression for any key value (ui)m×n′ in a rectangle (m×n′) is (ui)m×n′=C1P1+C2P2+…CiPi+…Ckpk,in which C1, C2…Ck are constant coefficients. Analytical relations are established between the coefficients for the last key value uk in a rectangle (m×n), where n is an integer, and the coefficients for the next key value uk+1 in the rectangle m(n+δ) or m(n+δ+1). Specific values of the coefficients are presented in tabular form for rectangles (3×n′) and (4×n′) with the aid of which all key values in such rectangles can be rapidly calculated. The tables also permit the calculation of any one interior key value by itself. A numerical example and further approximate formulas are given, and applications to composite rectangular areas such as angles, channels, etc., are discussed.