Stimulus For Recovery Research Articles

Load Dynamics, Recovery and Adaptation for Better Sporting Events

International result-oriented performance in sports requires systematic scientific training. A proper pedagogical approach is required for systematic loading of the athletes in order to record-breaking performance. The performance of an athlete largely depends upon a progressive training load for a relatively long period of time. The degree of mechanical tension, subcellular damage, and metabolic stress can all play a role in exercise-induced muscle adaptations. The process of adaptation largely depended upon the ratio of load and recovery stimulus. Thus the load dynamics and proper adaptation is reflected in the achievement of an athlete. The present research review-based article discussed systematically the procedure of training load, importance of recovery, and adaptation of load.

Cash-based aid distribution-Case study: Typhoon Yolanda.

Cash-based humanitarian responses tend to empower locally driven recoveries. However, in--country barriers can prevent that recovery stimulus from achieving its full potential for the impacted population. This study discusses issues surrounding cash-based responses, opposite traditional food, or material aid. Next, this project produced a pilot case study that focused on soliciting information from two sets of respondents, namely, community leaders and households located in the 2013 Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) disaster area to gauge sentiment of whether relief funds had a positive impact on recovery. Findings reveal that the lack of clarity in government and nongovernment stakeholders combined with an onerous bureaucratic process restricted the access to funds. Additionally, poor information dissemination and communication strategies resulted in inefficiencies in distributing funds. Recommendations to address the identified gaps, both in funding protocols and communication strategies, were made to help those areas still struggling from this disaster in the Philippines and as an example to forward the international body of knowledge on improving cash-based aid interventions. Practical implications include supporting global trends that cash-based aid can, indeed, support locally empowered and sustainable recoveries while noting that there are still improvements to be made to this type of disaster response.

A Photoresponsive Hydrogel with Enhanced Photoefficiency and the Decoupled Process of Light Activation and Shape Changing for Precise Geometric Control.

Traditional shape-morphing hydrogels rely on structural implementation of inhomogeneity inside the material during fabrication to realize predetermined complex shape change upon activation. In recent years, several systems with reprogrammable shape-morphing capabilities have been developed. Among those, the photoresponsive hydrogels offer the best spatial and temporal control. However, for most photoresponsive hydrogels, upon light irradiation, they simultaneously deform, which requires the projection of the light pattern to be continuously adaptive to the deforming gel. It is impractical for complex 3D morphing. In this paper, by incorporating two photodissociable molecules that can form a reactive ion couple upon light activation into one hydrogel, the light irradiation process is decoupled with the morphing process, and the consumption of the reactive ion couple drives the reversible photochemical reaction forward. Consequently, the photochemical reaction efficiency is improved, and the photoresponsive molecules are locked in the activated state until a recovery stimulus is applied. Based on the proposed general scheme, a specific example is given by incorporating the triphenylmethane leucohydroxide and 2-nitrobenzaldehyde molecules into a polyacrylamide hydrogel. The swelling behavior is characterized, and the reprogrammable morphing with precisely controlled geometry is demonstrated.

Do infants see objects or retinal images? Shape constancy revisited

Although earlier research by Bower on the spatial constancies indicated that 2-month-olds perceive a veridical three-dimensional world, recent evidence based on distance-appropriate behavior suggests that infants may be responding to differential depth cues per se, devoid of spatial significance. To shed light on this apparent contradiction, a test of the infant's ability to perceive real shape-at-a-slant was conducted using recovery from habituation as an index of discrimination. Groups of 80-day-old babies (total N = 120) were each exposed to one of six treatment conditions. The same figure in the fronto-parallel plane served as the recovery stimulus in all conditions. The to-be-habituated stimulus differed between groups according to whether it deviated from the standard in terms of various combinations of objective shape, projective shape, and slant. While the results were consistent with Bower's conclusion that the momentary retinal projection plays no role in infant perception, they were discrepant from Bower's findings in that subjects appeared to respond exclusively to variation in slant and gave no evidence of perceiving constant shape across changing slant. Whether the ability to perceive real shape was present but masked by salient slant cues or whether infants can detect only the proximal retinal cues specifying slant could not be conclusively determined. A second experiment involving 60-day-olds ( N = 20) and an additional 80-day-old group ( N = 18) indicated that the findings could not be attributed to sampling error, the age differential between Bower's subjects and our own, or tendencies to view the slanted figures projectively.