Recovery Of Valuable Materials Research Articles

Assessing the impact of alkali pretreatment of rice husk on its composition and product portfolio: Tradeoff between biogas and valuable materials recovery for sustainability

The burning of agricultural crop residues has evolved into a significant global issue with far-reaching implications for public health and environmental integrity. Utilizing biochemical methodologies to valorize these residues presents a dual advantage, mitigating disposal challenges while concurrently fostering wealth generation through bioenergy production and the creation of value-added materials. Nevertheless, the biodegradation of residues faces impediments due to the presence of recalcitrant silica and lignin. To assess the efficacy and elucidate the performance of biochemical approaches, this study investigates the impact of NaOH treatment (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% w/v) on rice husk (RH) at 90 °C for 2 h initially followed by anaerobic digestion (AD) for biogas generation. This recovers silica, yielding residual pulp devoid of lignin, a raw material for biogas generation. Analytical investigation through FE-SEM reveals mild fissures and surface ruptures in 4% NaOH-treated RH, while XRD shows a crystallinity index increase from 43.3% (untreated RH) to 69.4% (NaOH-treated RH). The optimal NaOH concentration, yielding 0.16 g/g of silica and 0.206 L/g VSadded of biogas is 4%. These results highlight tailored NaOH's potential for enhancing silica recovery and biogas production from RH. Spearman's correlation analysis reveals a strong correlation (0.9–1.0) among the reduction in volatile solids (VS %), total solids (TS %), methane yield (mL/g VSadded), and biogas yield (mL/g VSadded). P values for artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy models consistently range from 10−4 to 10−19. Achieving sustainability necessitates balancing the trade-off between maximizing biogas production and optimizing silica recovery for an environmentally sound and efficient system.

Cellulose fibers as a trendsetter for the circular economy that we urgently need

Picking up a discarded can or bottle and placing it in a recycling bin may seem like a very small step to take in the direction of making a better world. The scope of benefits that might accrue, by combining many such steps, and making careful plans, was highlighted in a recent Waste to Advanced Resources Matter (WARM) workshop hosted at this university. As shown during the discussions at the workshop, those who are deeply involved with issues of waste management, climate change issues, and care for our planet already know the “broad brush” answers regarding what needs to be done. Now is the time for action in implementing efficient and widespread recovery of valuable materials and energy from what we presently throw away.

Effect of sodium silicate modified with Fe2+ and Al3+ as dispersant on flotation of molybdenite and chalcopyrite in presence of kaolinite and seawater

Mineral processing is increasingly challenging due to the low grades of ores being processed and the high content of ultra-fine particles, such as clays. Negative effects of the presence of clays on the flotation process include modification of the rheology of slurries, changes in the hydrodynamics of the particle-bubble attachment and slime coating, which reduce the recovery of valuable material. The negative effects have been addressed by using dispersants such as silicates. In this paper, the effect that the presence of silicates modified with Fe2+ and Al3+ has on flotation of molybdenite and chalcopyrite is studied. Microflotation of ores with high content of chalcopyrite and molybdenite were carried out, using kaolinite as ultra-fine particulate system, and conventional and sea water as aqueous medium. Results showed that the effect of modified and unmodified sodium silicates is higher in the flotation of the molybdenite than in the flotation of chalcopyrite. This was corroborated in the measurements of zeta potential in solutions of different ionic charges. The measurements of the zeta potential showed that the addition of sodium silicate modified with Fe2+ maintained the potential in the most negative zone in the different aqueous solutions tested for the case of the chalcopyrite, which would indicate that there is a major repulsion of the precipitates of calcium and magnesium of the surface mineral compared with the measurements in which Al3+ was utilized.

Recovery of NixMnyCoz(OH)2 and Li2CO3 from spent Li-ionB cathode leachates using non-Na precipitant-based chemical precipitation for sustainable recycling

The interest in recycling spent lithium-ion batteries (Li-ionB) has surged due to the rising demand for valuable metals (e.g., Co, Ni, Li and Mn) and concerns about environmental repercussions emanating from conventional battery waste disposal. Conventional precipitation-based hydrometallurgy recycling processes utilise Na-based or metal-based precipitants. The Na, from Na-based precipitants, is present in high concentrations in the process effluent since they are not recovered during the recycling process. The Na-rich effluent cannot be discarded since it doesn't meet environmental regulations as per the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2023) therefore creating a storage and disposal problem. It is therefore imperative to utilise non-Na-based precipitants to eliminate the effluent disposal problem. This paper focuses on the recovery of NixCoyMnz(OH)2 and Li2CO3, main precursors for Li-ionB cathode production, from a typical spent Li-ionB cathode (NMC 532) using non-Na precipitant-based chemical precipitation. This study reports NixCoyMnz(OH)2 and Li2CO3 recovery from spent Li-ionBs for closed-loop Li-ionB cathode recycling through an integrated hydrometallurgy and chemical precipitation process. Through the utilisation of leachate solutions comprising 2 M H2SO4 + 6 vol.% H2O2, and a 75 g/L S/L ratio and conducting leaching for 120 min at a temperature of 60 °C and IS of 350 rpm, the recovery efficiency of 98.1 % for Li, 97.1 % for Co, 96.1 % for Ni, and 95.7 % for Mn. The pH of the NMC leachate was initially adjusted to 5 to precipitate Fe, Al and Cu impurities. Thereafter, active metal species (Ni, Mn and Co) were precipitated at a pH of 13 as Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2 composite microparticles by adding LiOH precipitant. Thereafter, the Li-rich resultant liquor was further used to recover the Li by adding 3.4 mol of CO2 bubbled at 0.068 mol (CO2)/L.min and 40 °C for 45 min. The Li2CO3 precipitates were separated from the suspension through filtration followed by washing using deionised water and hot air drying. The reaction time is 45 mins, and the agitation speed is 150 rpm. Through this multi-stage precipitation process, >98 % of Ni, Co, Mn and > 91 % of Li can be recovered in the form of Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2OH2 and Li2CO3 respectively. The process exhibits great potential for recovery of valuable materials from spent Li-ionBs. The recovered Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2 and Li2CO3 materials will be used as precursors in the anhydrous NMC cathode production process.

Cryogenic Comminution of Subsea Cables and Flowlines: A Pathway for Circular Recycling of End-of-Life Offshore Infrastructure

Hundreds of thousands of kilometers of communication and power (umbilical) cables and flowlines lie undersea worldwide. Most of these offshore cables and flowlines have reached or will soon be nearing the end of their service life, prompting the need for a viable recycling approach to recover some valuable material, e.g., copper. However, separation into constituent materials has proven very challenging due to the highly robust design of the composite cables (and flowlines) to withstand service conditions and the tough external plastic sheaths that protect against seawater corrosion. This study aims at promoting sustainable practices in the offshore energy sector. Here, we summarize the findings of the cryogenic comminution of subsea cables and flowlines for an effective separation and recovery of component materials. Heat transfer analyses of complex multilayer flowlines and umbilicals were conducted to evaluate the time required for these structures to reach their respective critical brittle-transition temperatures. Subsequently, the time was used as a guide to crush the flowline and umbilical cables under cryogenic conditions. The results show that the flowlines and umbilical cables will reach the brittle-transition temperature after approximately 1000s (i.e., 17 min) of submergence in liquid nitrogen (LN). Comminution of the materials at temperatures near the brittle-transition temperature was proven relatively efficient compared to room-temperature processing. The present evaluation of heat transfer and lab-scale crushing will afford accurate process modelling and design of a pilot cryogenic comminution of decommissioned subsea cables and flowlines, enabling the sustainable recovery of valuable materials that can provide a new stream of waste-to-wealth economy.

Unlocking the potential of e-waste: A material quantification analysis of Cu, Cr, In, Mg, Nb, and Nd in the EU

Waste electronics present a growing concern due to their economic value and material intensification, making proper collection and recycling essential for sustainable growth. However, quantifying the size and composition of waste flows is challenging. Using a material flow analysis this study combines electronic waste flows and product compositions of six selected elements (chromium, copper, indium, magnesium, neodymium, and niobium) based on their significance in the electrical and electronic products (EEE) in the EU. The study found that in 2018, 52 % of all WEEE generated in EU28+3 was properly collected and recycled, and the remaining 48 % were unreported or unaccounted for of which the selected elements represented 5 %, representing a combined loss of €1.41 billion. The obtained results provide a much-needed perspective to map electronic products on a material level for circular material supply. Proper collection and recycling of WEEE are crucial for sustainable growth and the recovery of valuable materials.

Precipitation of Lithium Phosphate from Cathode Materials of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery by Hydrometallurgy Process

Spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have significantly increased due to the high consumption of LIBs for automobile applications; therefore, the recovery of valuable materials to use as the second resource can bring economic benefits and reduce an environmental impact. This study investigated the production of lithium phosphate (Li3PO4), which can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of LIBs, from spent LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) cathodes. The experimental procedure started with discharging, dismantling the battery, and removing the aluminum foil, followed by the leaching of cathode material before precipitating the lithium phosphate from the solution. In the leaching stage, the parameters to optimize the process were studied. The results showed that the lithium leaching efficiency could be achieved at 96.10% using 2 M H2SO4, 8 vol.% H2O2, 40 g/L pulp density, and 4 hrs at 70°C. The final precipitate product of 98.98% purity of Li3PO4 was recovered from the solution using Na2HPO4 under the experimental condition.

Preparation of nano-scale ferric hexacyanoferrate using coal ash by microwave-assisted hydrothermal process for cesium removal

The removal of radioactive cesium (Cs+) has received considerable attention owing to its chemotoxicity and radiotoxicity. This study presents a method for producing ferric hexacyanoferrate nanoparticles (Prussian blue, PB), using recycled magnetic coal ash (M-CA) as an effective and selective adsorbent for Cs+ removal. A microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique was employed to recover the Fe solution from M-CA and a simple sol–gel technique was used to synthesize PB nanoparticles. The PB nanoparticles exhibited cubic cluster structures with an average size of 20.67 nm. Their Cs+ adsorption capacity reached 213.061 mg/g, significantly surpassing the capacities of absorbents reported in previous studies. Cs+ was observed to be associated with localized adsorption sites on the PB surfaces, with minimal internal diffusion. In addition, the hydrated radius of Cs+ emerged as a critical factor influencing its adsorption onto PB surfaces, enabling the efficient removal of Cs+ even in the presence of competing ions. These findings offer valuable insights for the straightforward synthesis of highly efficient and selective adsorbents for radioactive substances, as well as the recovery of valuable materials from industrial solid waste.

An improved disassembly hybrid graph model for selective disassembly sequence planning

Disassembly is an inevitable step in the recovery of valuable materials from end-of-life (EoL) mobile phones. Although a Hybrid Graph is one of the prevalent method for disassembly modeling, it cannot accurately describe the subassembly disassembling process. In this paper, an improved disassembly hybrid graph model (IDHGM) for selective disassembly sequence planning is proposed for the limitations of the subassembly disassembling process of EoL mobile phones. The containment, exclusion, and subassembly are considered in view of the close connection of mobile phone parts and the occurrence of interlocking between parts. Based on the different disassembly sequences of the same part, a time cell array is used to calculate the disassembly time. The disassembly sequence is optimized by the ant colony algorithm and disassembly time is set as the optimization objective. “Honor 6” mobile phone was selected as a case study to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed model. The results show that the disassembly sequence generated by IDHGM takes less disassembly time and can accurately describe the subassembly disassembling process.

Influence of the filter grain morphology on separation efficiency in dielectrophoretic filtration.

Recovery of noble materials from waste is essential for industries around the globe. Dielectrophoretic (DEP) filtration, an electrically switchable particle separation technique, can be applied to tackle this challenge. It is highly selective regarding particle size, material or shape. Expanding the scope of DEP towards high throughput and improving the trapping efficiency are vital to make DEP a viable robust alternative to conventional separation methods. DEP filtration works by selective immobilisation of particles in a porous medium by the action of an inhomogeneous electric field. The field inhomogeneity comes from scattering an electric field at the phase boundary between the particle suspension and the filter surface. In this article, we show how the filter structure affects the DEP separation. We study fixed bed filters of three different grain types and find that the morphology of the grains highly influences the DEP filter efficiency. Specifically, grains with irregular surface structure and high perceived angularity show high separation efficiency. We believe these insights into the design of DEP filtration will pave the way towards its application in, for example, the recovery of valuable materials from electronic waste dust.

Recovery of Valuable Materials with the RecoDust Process

The RecoDust process is a pyrometallurgical process for treating steel mill dusts that cannot be recycled internally due to their zinc content, providing numerous benefits compared to conventional processes. State-of-the-art processes often face the problem of recycling only zinc, but not iron, which is frequently landfilled and withdrawn from a closed loop. Furthermore, these processes are also often limited to a specific zinc content in the feedstock. Within the described RecoDust smelting campaigns, basic oxygen converter dust with about 15 wt.% zinc was taken as feedstock. After high-temperature treatment of the input material, the RecoDust slag (RDS) has a zinc content of 0.4 wt.% and the crude zinc oxide (CZO) has a ZnO content of up to 80 wt.%. The RDS is suitable for use in the sinter plant as a secondary raw material. To investigate the influence of adding RDS to a common sintering mixture, sintering pot tests followed by RDI (reduction disintegration indices) tests were carried out. The influence of the admixture of RDS on the RDI values is not detectable. The CZO was fed into a soda extraction system for halogen removal. The halogen removal of this two-stage leaching was highly efficient with over 90% for chlorine.

Selective and continuous ion recovery using flow electrode capacitive deionization with polymer multilayers functionalized ion exchange membrane

Flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is a newly developed salt removal technology that overcomes the limitations of conventional CDI by eliminating the need for a discharging process, thus achieving much higher desalination capacity and a continuous desalination operation. In this study, we aimed to achieve selective and continuous sodium recovery from Na+/Ca2+ mixtures through FCDI by utilizing polymer multilayer functionalized cation-exchange membranes (CEM). A layer-by-layer method was used to deposit polymer multilayers consisting of PAH (poly allylamine hydrochloride) and PSS (poly styrene sulfonate) on the CEM. Changes in the concentration of feed electrolyte, number of coated polymer layers, and type of outermost layer were investigated in terms of their effect on the selective ion separation. The functionalized CEM switches from a divalent ion affinity to a monovalent ion affinity due to their different ion sizes and charge densities. As the number of polymer layers increased, the selectivity of Na+/Ca2+ increased, reaching up to 3.26 from 0.16 for pristine CEM. We believe that our approach can provide insight into the selective recovery of valuable materials including lithium-ion battery recycling, the recovery of noble metals, and the separation of toxic ions using the FCDI system.

Recovery of Valuable Materials from End-of-Life Photovoltaic Solar Panels.

The disposal of end-of-life (EOL) photovoltaic solar panels has become a relevant environmental issue as they are considered to be a hazardous electronic waste. On the other hand, enormous benefits are achieved from recovering valuable metals and materials from such waste. Eventually, physical and chemical processing will become the most important stages during the recycling process. A physical treatment including crushing, grinding, and screening was achieved, and it was observed that a fine fraction of -0.25 mm had the maximum percentage of the required materials. Moreover, the optimum chemical treatment conditions were adjusted to reach the maximum recovery of silver, aluminum, and silicon. The synthesis of silicon oxide, silver oxide, alunite, and K-Alum from leachant solution was performed through a simple route. The structural and morphological properties of the prepared materials were defined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).

Valorisation of base metals contained in fine particles of End-of-Life Printed Circuit Boards with the use of column flotation process

The significant environmental, economic and social aspects following an End-of-Life Printed Circuit Boards (EoL PCBs) treatment have attracted the interest of research and the industrial community. Interest focused on sustainable engineering approaches, allowing the recovery of valuable materials contained. Extensive research work and literature reviews are dedicated to applying processes derived from mineral processing and the metallurgical domain to treat the specific waste stream. The industrial need for separation technology for fine and ultra-fine particles recently led to a new process, insufficiently tested yet in the column flotation process. Considering the specific research gap, as well as the capabilities of separation processes, systematic research work concerning the application of column flotation in the treatment of EoL PCBs fine particles has been initiated. An ad hoc apparatus has been designed and developed. Outcoming experimental results and their following analysis reveal the potential of column flotation deployment in treating fine particles of EoL PCBs as a pre-treatment process. Factual mathematical models describing base metals response (aluminium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc) during the column flotation process were developed and are introduced in the present research paper.

Analysis of Operational Parameters in Acid and Base Production Using an Electrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes Pilot Plant

In agreement with the Water Framework Directive, Circular Economy and European Union (EU) Green Deal packages, the EU-funded WATER-MINING project aims to validate next-generation water resource solutions at the pre-commercial demonstration scale in order to provide water management and recovery of valuable materials from alternative sources. In the framework of the WATER-MINING project, desalination brines from the Lampedusa (Italy) seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) plant will be used to produce freshwater and recover valuable salts by integrating different technologies. In particular, electrodialysis with bipolar membranes (EDBM) will be used to produce chemicals (NaOH and HCl). A novel EDBM pilot plant (6.4 m2, FuMa-Tech) has been installed and operated. The performance of EDBM for single pass under different flowrates (2-8 L·min-1) for acid, base and saline channels, and two current densities (200 and 400 A·m-2), has been analyzed in terms of specific energy consumption (SEC) and current efficiency (CE). Results showed that by increasing the flowrates, generation of HCl and NaOH slightly increased. For example, ΔOH- shifted from 0.76 to 0.79 mol·min-1 when the flowrate increased from 2 to 7.5 L·min-1 at 200 A·m-2. Moreover, SEC decreased (1.18-1.05 kWh·kg-1) while CE increased (87.0-93.4%), achieving minimum (1.02 kWh·kg-1) and maximum (99.4%) values, respectively, at 6 L·min-1.

Evaluation of logistic regression and support vector machine approaches for XRF based particle sorting for a copper ore

The study is aimed at particle sorting at the Copper Mountain Mine using XRF. Possible applications include the rejection of barren material from mill feed, the rejection of pebbles in the SABC circuit or the recovery of valuable material from low grade stockpiles. It is recognized that XRF is a surface measurement that can detect copper but depending on several operational conditions, such as the orientation of the particle or mineral texture, the sensor spot may not see the copper. However, XRF also provides information about the concentrations of a range of elements in minerals that are associated with copper mineralization which can improve sorting. The study described herein is aimed at improving XRF sensor-based sorting by the introduction of logistics regression (LR)- and support vector machine (SVM)-based machine learning approaches. To solve the collinearity and dimensionality issues in the input variables, the authors propose a combined approach of principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise regression to extract the significant features. The combined PCA and stepwise regression approach is novel and has shown to be very effective for dimensionality reduction of the XRF spectrum data. By applying the ROC and AUC), the LR and SVM models are compared. Results showed that the LR model with the AUC of 0.847 outperforms the SVM with kernel functions with respect to classification accuracy; especially for data sets with a small number of features. The improved classification accuracy should benefit the economic performance of the particle sorting system.

Valuable Material Recovery-protein from Faecal Sludge Collected during Sars-cov-2 Period from Bengaluru-rural

This study describes the extraction of protein from faecal sludge as a valuable commodity or recovery of valuable. Recovery of valuable materials from waste would give rise to business opportunities which will pave way for feasible and sustainable sanitation. Sludge samples collected from Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant were used to extract proteins from faecal sludge. The Protein was extracted using simple alkali treatment followed by quantification of the protein by Lowry Assay using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as standard.

A facile crush-and-sieve treatment for recycling end-of-life photovoltaics

The shift towards renewable energy mix has resulted in an exponential growth of the photovoltaic (PV) industry over the past few decades. Parallelly, new recycling technology developments are required to address the incoming volume of waste as they gradually approach their end-of-life (EoL) to realize the concept of a circular economy. Typical recycling processes involve high-temperature burning for separation and release of the PV cells for metal recovery processes. However, this thermal process generates gaseous by-products that cause serious health and environmental issues. Eschewing the need for burning, we demonstrate a simple crush-and-sieve methodology to strategically aids the separation of polymeric and metallic contents. The proposed approach showcased the efficient size-selective separation and generated polymer- and metal-rich fractions. More than 90 % of the total polymer present within the studied wastes was found to be retained in larger sized-particle fractions (F1 and F2). Metal content analysis highlighted the enrichment of highly valuable silver into the smallest sized-particle fraction (F4), accounting up to 70 % and 80 % of total silver present respectively for EVAc and MP. The benefits ripe through this simple crush-and-sieve method offers an attractive pathway for PV recycling process to obtain metal-rich fractions and allow focused recovery of valuable materials through an environmentally friendlier manner.

Improving Performance of Regenerated Cathode Materials from Aged Lithium-Ion Batteries By Forming Nano-Coatings

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as the battery of choice for rapidly growing markets in electric vehicles (EVs) and grid electricity storage. This spurs a great demand for lithium, graphite, cobalt, and nickel that could outstrip the supply of virgin materials. Thus, there is an enormous interest in the development of new sustainable technologies for recycling and recovery of valuable materials from secondary resources, especially from used lithium-ion batteries. Compared to conventional high-temperature pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical methods, direct recycling of LIBs is a more desirable approach because it can directly regenerate the cathode materials by relithiation without destroying the LIB compounds. Additionally, direct recycling is a comparatively low-cost and less resource-intensive method of recovering LIB materials.However, completely regenerating the full capacity and long-term performance of the original materials is still particularly challenging. For instance, the cathode materials are often coated with a nanometer-thick protecting layer, which is engineered to reduce the degrading effect on the cathode from direct contact with the electrolyte. The long-term charge-discharge cycling causes damage to this coating layer, and thus it needs to be repaired in order to recover the material performance. To address this challenge, we have developed a novel process that can regenerate and upgrade cathode materials from aged lithium-ion batteries, as well as create a new coating layer to improve the performance of the cathode materials. In this presentation, we will provide a case study to show the performance improvement of recycled lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) materials by forming an alumina coating layer on the surface. By controlling the thickness and sintering temperature, this surface alumina coating can be an effective way to improve the stability and cyclability of recycled LCO cathode materials. Material characterization by XPS, SEM, STEM, and XRD helps to reveal the structure and composition of the surface alumina coating layer, and provides insights into the healing and protective roles of this layer for recycled LCO particles.

Direct Recycling and Upcycling of Spent Graphite Anodes

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as the battery of choice for rapidly growing markets in electric vehicles (EVs) and energy storage devices. Thus, there is an enormous interest in the development of new technologies for recycling and recovery of valuable materials from secondary resources, such as those from used LIBs. Finding ways to decrease the cost of recycling could significantly reduce the life cycle cost of LIBs, avoid material shortages, lessen the environmental impact of new material production, and provide low-cost active materials for new LIB manufacturing. The recycling of spent LIBs has mainly been focused on the recycling of the cathode, while recycling of the graphite anode has only received limited attention due to its low value and complex recycling process. However, with the recent shortage of resources and the increase in production costs, recycling of the graphite anode from spent batteries can no longer be ignored. There are several challenges associated with recovering spent graphite anodes – mainly, there are a variety of metal impurities in addition to surface impurities from the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) and interior impurities that need to be removed. Conventional recycling methods are unable to solve this issue, especially for the purification process. Most current recycling systems use pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical methods, which necessitate multi-unit operations, high energy consumption, and high cost. Direct recycling, on the other hand, is a promising solution for overcoming the hurdles involved with recovering spent graphite anodes.Princeton NuEnergy (PNE) has successfully developed a novel low-temperature plasma process to enable purification and direct repair of graphite anode materials from spent LIBs. We also demonstrated a simple but effective surface coating approach to upgrade the spent graphite to produce a graphite-silicon composite that has an improved energy density. Spent graphite is an ideal choice for low-cost production of high-performance silicon-graphite composites because treated spent graphite presents a porous structure that can be combined well with silicon and effectively relieve volume expansion. The recycled graphite and upcycled graphite-silicon composite anode materials outperform the commercially available equivalent materials. The direct recycling/upcycling of graphite anode materials will increase the commercial viability of LIBs and reduce battery cost, thus accelerating the electrification of transportation and large-scale energy storage for renewable energy in the near future. In this presentation, the materials characterization and electrochemical performance of recycled/upcycled anode materials will be discussed.BEK and CY acknowledge support of this research by Princeton University under the Intellectual Property Accelerator Fund.