Recordable DVD Research Articles

Groove-assisted solution growth of lead bromide perovskite aligned nanowires: a simple method towards photoluminescent materials with guiding light properties

CsPbBr3 and MAPbBr3 nanowires were achieved taking advantage of the corrugated surface of recordable DVD and CD plates.

Longevity of Optical Disc Media: Accelerated Ageing Predictions and Natural Ageing Data

AbstractA considerable amount of uncertainty exists with respect to the lifetimes of optical disc media. In reports found in the literature, longevity for some discs is stated as less than five years, but for others, it can exceed one hundred years. The variability in the lifetime values has created a general distrust for optical discs as a reliable short or long-term storage option for information. This study was undertaken to provide some clarification about the uncertainty surrounding optical disc longevity. Using the European Computer Manufacturers Association standard ECMA-396, a recordable CD and a recordable DVD were subjected to a variety of elevated temperature and relative humidity conditions over several months. Eyring and Arrhenius predictive methods allowed longevity estimations to be made. It was found that the Arrhenius method produced realistic lifetime predictions for the recordable CD, but neither method produced reasonable figures for the recordable DVD. In addition, an analysis of naturally aged optical discs (up to seventeen years old) provided valuable data on disc lifetimes. This data also helped to validate the Arrhenius results for the recordable CD tested, but contradicted the long and unreasonable lifetime values predicted for the recordable DVD.

Fabrication of ferroelectric polymer nanostructures on flexible substrates by soft-mold reverse nanoimprint lithography

Conventional nanoimprint lithography with expensive rigid molds is used to pattern ferroelectric polymer nanostructures on hard substrate for use in, e.g., organic electronics. The main innovation here is the use of inexpensive soft polycarbonate molds derived from recordable DVDs and reverse nanoimprint lithography at low pressure, which is compatible with flexible substrates. This approach was implemented to produce regular stripe arrays with a spacing of 700 nm from vinylidene fluoride co trifluoroethylene ferroelectric copolymer on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates. The nanostructures have very stable and switchable piezoelectric response and good crystallinity, and are highly promising for use in organic electronics enhanced or complemented by the unique properties of the ferroelectric polymer, such as bistable polarization, piezoelectric response, pyroelectric response, or electrocaloric function. The soft-mold reverse nanoimprint lithography also leaves little or no residual layer, affording good isolation of the nanostructures. This approach reduces the cost and facilitates large-area, high-throughput production of isolated functional polymer nanostructures on flexible substrates for the increasing application of ferroelectric polymers in flexible electronics.

Characterization of the plastic substrates, the reflective layers, the adhesives, and the grooves of today's archival-grade recordable DVDs

The plastic substrates, reflective layers, dyes, and adhesives of four archival-grade, recordable DVDs and one standard-grade recordable DVD were analyzed to determine their chemical compositions and/or physical dimensions. Chemical analyses by attenuated total internal reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray/scanning transmission electron microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry show that all these DVDs use very similar polycarbonate plastic substrates and acrylate-based adhesives, but different reflective layers and dye write layers. In addition, physical measurements by atomic force microscopy show differences in the DVD groove depth, width, and other dimensions. These chemical and physical analyses may help explain variations in DVD lifetimes and facilitate development of the next-generation archival-grade DVDs.

The Stability of DVD Optical Disc Formats

The desire to have a storage medium for digital information with a higher capacity than the CD has led to a growth in the use of DVD optical media. A single-layer DVD provides up to seven times more storage capacity than a CD and therefore makes it useful for the storage of larger digital files. However, due to some key structural differences between the DVD and CD formats, there are some unanswered questions with respect to the long-term stability of DVDs. This study examined the stability of a variety of movie DVDs, DVD±Rs, dual layer DVD+Rs, and DVD±RWs. These media were evaluated under accelerated aging conditions of 80°C and 85% relative humidity and by measuring error rate changes after four aging intervals of 21 days. It was demonstrated that erasable DVDs (DVD±RWs) and dual-layer recordable DVDs have fair and very poor stability respectively and should not be used if longevity of the optical media is required. On the other hand, the stability of recordable DVDs (DVD±Rs) ranged from very good to poor. Discs with good stability utilized a gold metal layer and a dye that was unaffected by the aging conditions. Recordable DVDs with a silver metal layer and less stable dye degraded quickly and cannot be recommended for the long-term storage of digital information.

Visceral-Locomotory Pistoning in Crawling Caterpillars

Animals with an open coelom do not fully constrain internal tissues, and changes in tissue or organ position during body movements cannot be readily discerned from outside of the body. This complicates modeling of soft-bodied locomotion, because it obscures potentially important changes in the center of mass as a result of internal tissue movements. We used phase-contrast synchrotron X-ray imaging and transmission light microscopy to directly visualize internal soft-tissue movements in freely crawling caterpillars. Here we report a novel visceral-locomotory piston in crawling Manduca sexta larvae, in which the gut slides forward in advance of surrounding tissues. The initiation of gut sliding is synchronous with the start of the terminal prolegs' swing phase, suggesting that the animal's center of mass advances forward during the midabdominal prolegs' stance phase and is therefore decoupled from visible translations of the body. Based on synchrotron X-ray data and transmission light microscopy results, we present evidence for a two-body mechanical system with a nonlinear elastic gut that changes size and translates between the anterior and posterior of the animal. The proposed two-body system--the container and the contained--is unlike any form of legged locomotion previously reported and represents a new feature in our emerging understanding of crawling.

Creating a more productive, clutter-free, paperless office: a primer on scanning, storage and searching of PDF documents on personal computers

Creating a more productive, clutter-free, paperless office: a primer on scanning, storage and searching of PDF documents on personal computers

Influence of external factors on the longevity of information recorded on DVD±R discs

In this work, experimental results on the influence of high temperature and relative air humidity on the aging dynamics of recordable DVDs of the R+ and R− formats of the most well-known trademarks (Sony, TDK, Imation, Digitex, Mirex, Verbatim, Philips, Fujifilm) are presented. The state of disks and recorded information is estimated qualitatively and quantitatively by computer testing using special software. Relative longevity is calculated using results on the artificial aging of compact disc specimens in harsh conditions (a temperature of + 80°C, a relative air humidity of 85%), the “stability series” of DVD±R discs of different trademarks is established. Recommendations on the practical application of DVD discs of R+ and R− formats of particular trademarks for durable storage of scientific-technical information are given on the basis of the obtained data.

Stability Comparison of Recordable Optical Discs-A Study of Error Rates in Harsh Conditions.

The reliability and longevity of any storage medium is a key issue for archivists and preservationists as well as for the creators of important information. This is particularly true in the case of digital media such as DVD and CD where a sufficient number of errors may render the disc unreadable. This paper describes an initial stability study of commercially available recordable DVD and CD media using accelerated aging tests under conditions of increased temperature and humidity. The effect of prolonged exposure to direct light is also investigated and shown to have an effect on the error rates of the media. Initial results show that high quality optical media have very stable characteristics and may be suitable for long-term storage applications. However, results also indicate that significant differences exist in the stability of recordable optical media from different manufacturers.

Getting up to speed with DVD recorders

Consumers have embraced the DVD recorder/player unit as a simple replacement for the traditional video cassette recorder. Some industry experts suggest that the recordable DVD unit will replace VCR and basic DVD players by as early as 2005. DVD recorders will require high-speed write systems, but these systems demand close attention to the way that the system communicates with the laser in the read/write head.

Disc wars [DVD

Both sides in the recordable DVD format market aim to win. In recordable DVD, there's DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM, DVD+R and DVD+RW formats in PCs, home cinema and media. The battle is becoming more heated. The author discusses the market issues.

A Local Plasmon Photonic Transistor

may be possible, claim researchers at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology in Tsukuba, Japan. In contemporary optical devices, high-speed light signals must be converted to sluggish electrical signals in order to be manipulated, then reconverted to light for transmission. In their experiment, the researchers focused blue and red lasers at the same spot on an optical disk (similar to a recordable DVD) that incorporated a silver-oxide thin film and had tiny marks recorded on it. The blue laser generated energy-storing plasmons—groups of collectively moving electrons—around each mark, whose size was near or below the optical diffraction limit. Meanwhile, the red laser interacted with the oxide film to generate a silver nanoparticle, which acted as a scattering center. The plasmons coupled to the scattering center, which allowed more of the blue laser signal to be transmitted. The power of the red beam determined the scattering center’s size, which in turn determined the amount of light drawn out of the plasmon reservoir. Thus, the silver particle can be thought of as a gate for an all-photonic transistor. So far, the researchers have achieved 60- to 600-fold increases in transmission. (J. Tominaga et al. , Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 , 2417, 2001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1367905 .)© 2001 American Institute of Physics.

Recordable CD and DVD for Archiving

AbstractWhen CD-ROM was introduced in 1983, it started a revolution in data storage that is still going on. But it was not until 1992, when the first desktop CD Recorders were shipped, that the real power of compact disc reached consumers. The ability to make on ones own desktop as few as one disc with up to 650 Megabyte of data in a formal that was readable en any computer with a CD-ROM drive, made massive data storage and file interchange a reality. That revolution is continuing with the advent of DVD-Recordable in 1998, allowing up to 3.9 Gigabytes on a single disc. In the next year or so, storing the full 4.7 Gigabytes specified in the DVD standards will be possible.

Digital Video Dud?

Digital Video Dud?