Monuments Record Research Articles

Different Schemes, Same City? How lessons from Luas Cross City works are informing the design and implementation of the Luas Finglas and MetroLink Cultural Heritage Strategies

Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) Archaeology and Heritage operate under a Code of Practice (CoP) for Archaeology (2017) as agreed with the present Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage (MHLGH). In accordance with the CoP, a Project Archaeologist is assigned to each scheme. TII Project Archaeologists are responsible not just for archaeological remains, but for cultural heritage in accordance with the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive 2014/52/EU and Environmental Protection Agency Guidelines. Therefore our responsibilities equally encompass the management of built and cultural heritage constraints. This is inclusive of statutory constraints such as National Monuments, Record of Monuments and Places (RMPs) sites, and Protected Structures, and non-statutory constraints such as those included on the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH), industrial heritage complexes, parklands, statues, and street furniture.Between 2013 to 2017, TII managed the various cultural heritage requirements of works contracts associated with the construction of Luas Cross City (LCC) in Dublin, Ireland. This scheme provides an ideal case study to consider how archaeological projects can help us understand the development and eastward expansion of the city's public realm from the late 17th to the 20th century. It also demonstrates how we can apply lessons learned from cultural heritage works to engineering contracts.

Actualización del inventario de monumentos en espacios públicos en la ciudad de Ibagué, Colombia

This research study focused on the identificationand detailed characterization of movable property in the city of Ibagué, following the guidelines provided by the Colombian Ministry of Culture. The methodology implemented included a rigorous cartographic and photographic record of monuments located in public spaces. A qualitative approach was used that involved the review of legal aspects at the local, national, and international levels, as well as fundamental concepts related to heritage conservation. The research process included the delimitation of the study area and the creation of a preliminary list, followed by the detailed development of inventory sheets. This provided an in-depth understanding of the origins, history, materiality, dimensions, and other significant aspects of each monument studied.In addition, special attention was paid to the value of these assets in the local context, and their importance in the configuration of the urban landscape and the construction of the cultural identity of the musical capital was recognized. This work not only contributes to the knowledge of the city's movable heritage, but also underlines the relevance and intrinsic value of these assets in the public space, highlighting their role in the preservation of cultural identity and the historical legacy of future generations.

АРХИВЫ, МУЗЕИ, БИБЛИОТЕКИ КАК СОКРОВИЩНИЦА ДОКУМЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ПАМЯТИ БЕЛОРУССКОГО НАРОДА

The article considers the process of accumulation, recording, keeping and use of the documentary monuments created on the Belarusian land, from ancient times to the present. It is noted that the regulatory and legal framework that existed in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the form of the “archival articles” of statutes, the Sejm resolutions and constitutions contributed to the preservation of documents, primarily of a legal nature. The magnates and gentry of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania took care of their family archives, inviting specialists who were experts in archives to organize them. With the inclusion of the Belarusian lands into the Russian Empire, the local administration was initially indifferent to the preservation of the archives of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, using them only as a means to fight political and ideological opponents. That was particularly evident in the case of the Vilna Museum of Antiquities with the attached Archaeological Commission – the museum suffered detriment as the administration considered its activities to be “polonophile”. One of the reasons for the closure of the museum and the commission in 1864 was the publication of the collections of documents that did not fit into the official historiographical paradigm. On the basis of the museum, the Vilna Public Library, loyal to the administration, was created with the Manuscripts Department, which began to be completed with the documents and materials found both on the territory of the Lithuanian and mainly Belarusian provinces, and it caused an outflow of documentary monuments from the places of their origin. The Vitebsk Scientific Archival Commission, founded in 1909, played a positive role in the collection and preservation of the documentary monuments in the region; the Commission contributed to the formation of the archives, museum and the library, which, after 1917, acquired the status of the institutions of a provincial level. With the creation in 1922 of the archival service of the republic, the formation of a network of state archives, libraries and museums, the issue of distributing archival documents and materials between them acquires particular urgency. It was discussed at the Second Meeting of Archival Workers of Belarus in December 1927, and also at the meeting of the representatives of archival, museum and library institutions in December 1929. Belarusian archivists D.I. Dovgiallo, M.V. Meleshko and others took part in the discussions on the interaction of archives, museums and libraries in collecting and keeping the archival materials. Currently, the republican museums and libraries keep about 10% of the National Archival Funds of Belarus. On April 18, 2022, the Law of the Republic of Belarus “On the Amendments to the Law ‘On Archives and Records Management in the Republic of Belarus’” was adopted, according to which the right to permanently keep the documents of the state part of the National Archival Funds of the Republic of Belarus was only granted to the state archives, while previously, along with archives, museums and libraries had the right to keep such documents. In the context of the “digital revolution” taking place in the world, the issue of interaction between archival, museum and library institutions in the preservation and use of documents and materials is of particular relevance

Новые материалы к биографии Б. Н. Засыпкина

This article continues the author’s series of publications on the history of organization and participants of the studies in Eastern culture in the Crimea in the mid-1920s. A page of the expeditionary activities of the team of the Central State Restoration Workshops in the Crimea is revealed. This work was a part of large-scale archaeological and ethnographic expedition for the study of the Crimean Tatar monuments. It was commissioned and funded by the Crimean ASSR and carried out by researchers from the academic centres of the USSR. The article has analysed the participation of Boris Nikolaevich Zasypkin (1891–1955), a well-known restorer and the organizer of the archaeological monument protection in different regions of the USSR, in the study of the Crimean cultural heritage. It has introduced into the scholarship previously not known documents from the collections of the Central State Restoration Workshops now residing in the Moscow Central State Archives. These materials shed light on new aspects of the architect-restorer B. N. Zasypkin’s works in the Crimea in 1926 and 1927. The texts of Zasypkin’s reports on his works on the peninsula in 1926 are supplied. Informative but little-known letters of P. I. Chepurina, the head of Yevpatoria Archaeological and Ethnographic Museum, and K. E. Grinevich, the director of the State Museum of Tauric Chersonese, to B. N. Zasypkin uncover tough personal communications of the researchers of the Crimea and Zasypkin’s role in the said process. Zasypkin’s activities for the preservation of the museum in Yevpatoria has been demonstrated. He arranged the intercession of the museum existence and preservation of its storage from the Head of the Museum section of the Glavnauka (Supreme Administration of Scientific, Scientific-Artistic, and Museum Establishments) at the People’s Commissariat for Education of the RSFSR N. I. Sedova, the Head of the Glavnauka F. N. Petrov, and the Chair of the State Academy for the History of Material Culture N. Ia. Marr. The Central State Restoration Workshops’ expedition under the supervision of I. E. Grabar to the peninsula has been reconstructed. It included the head of the Commission for the Preservation and Discovery of Ancient Paintings in Russia and the art historian A. I. Anisimov, the restorer G. O. Chirikov, and the photographer A. V. Liadov. The 1927 expedition was aimed at the inspection of architectural monuments where paintings survived and the development of necessary measures to protect and maintain these architectural sites. Zasypkin’s work for the recording of Chersonese monuments has been shown.

The Importance of the Mediterranean in the Syro-Mesopotamian Kingdom of Mari in the Amorite Period

ABSTRACT Since the dawn of Mesopotamian history, the Mediterranean Sea has been considered a natural frontier, both feared and admired as the Great Sea. With the settlement of the Amorites in Mesopotamia, whose cradle was thought of as the “Land of the Sea,” that is, the Mediterranean shore, the importance of this natural element became notorious. The voyages of the sovereigns of the Amorite Syro-Mesopotamian kingdom of Mari—Yahdun-Lim, Samsi-Addu, and Zimri-Lim—to the Mediterranean coast, which this article analyzes in detail, attest to this importance. These journeys were previously studied by Abraham Malamat, among others. But due to the absence of a monumental record to attest to the displacement of Zimri-Lim, the importance of the latter as well as the connection between them have not been thoroughly examined. This article does so.

Harald Ingholt's Twentieth-Century Archive of Palmyrene Sculptures

ABSTRACT Archival material can shape the future of archaeological research and cultural heritage preservation, but it must be made accessible to the academic community and general public. This is especially true for conflict zones, as archives of various kinds are often all that remains as a record of sites and monuments. Palmyra, Syria, is important for understanding the ancient world and modern global cultural heritage; however, it has been destroyed by conflict, thus making archival material crucial to the site's future. By fully publishing the archive of Palmyrene sculpture compiled by the Danish archaeologist Harald Ingholt, researchers, adhering to the FAIR principles, set an example of best practice that includes holistic publication of archaeological projects both in print and digitally to make the data accessible to a wide audience. In this article, Palmyra's Tomb of Maqqai serves as a case study to demonstrate some of the potentials of open-data publication.

Area-Optimized, Rapid UAV-Borne Recording of Medieval Heritage in Central Asia

ABSTRACT Current consumer-grade UAV technology is economical, highly automated, and well-suited for large area prospection. At the same time, rapid recording of sites and monuments that cannot be preserved or protected in their entirety is becoming a key research topic. We address the critical issue of designing UAV-based workflows to maximize area coverage on a strictly limited time budget. We illustrate our rationale and the evolution of our methods and results with two case studies from Central Asia: the Medieval fortifications in the Oasis of Bukhara (Uzbekistan) and the Orkhon Valley (Mongolia), which contains a multitude of sites preserved as subtle topographic features that spread across an immense area. We discuss the appropriate use of videogrammetry to complement single-shot imagery and to provide rapid and gap-free data coverage. We also review planning tools and provide best practice guidelines (implementable at low cost) for using current, off-the-shelf hardware and software to highest efficiency.

Valuation of Ecological Retrofitting Technology in Existing Buildings: A Real-World Case Study

The world’s existing buildings are aged, in a state of deterioration and in need of interventions. When selecting the type of possible intervention to be applied, the choice falls between two alternatives: simple unsustainable ordinary maintenance versus ecological retrofitting i.e., an increase in the quality of the indoor environment and building energy saving using local bio-natural materials and products. The present research seeks to respond to the requests of recent comprehensive reviews which ask for the retrofitting of the world’s huge existing building stocks and portfolios by proposing an approach and testing it in a specific case study (at the unit, building and urban block level) which can then be carried out and repeated in the future on a larger urban scale. The real-world experimentation in the provided case study achieved the important outcome and goal of a Green Building strategy and post-carbon city framework i.e., the significant enhancement of the thermal performance of the buildings as a result of a few targeted key external works and the consequent saving of energy in those already existing (but not preserved and not included in the state national register or record of monuments) Liberty-style constructions. All the above show that these important existing buildings can be ecologically retrofitted at an affordable cost, although initially slightly more expensive than the cost of ordinary unsustainable maintenance. However, this difference is offset by the favorable pay-back period, which is fast, acceptable and of short duration. The tried and tested approach, the positive proposed case study and the experimental database-GIS joint platform (the details of which can be found in an additional supplementary research which is currently being carried out) are the bases on which a future decision support system will be proposed. This support system can be carried out as a tailor- made solution for the ecological retrofitting of the enormous existing building stocks and portfolios which must be considered on a larger scale i.e., at ward, quartier, city, regional and country level.

Gloss to the Judgement of the Supreme Administrative Court of 8 May 2018 (II OSK 1926/17)

<p>By the judgement of 8 May 2018 (II OSK 1926/17), the Supreme Administrative Court dismissed the cassation appeal of the Lublin Provincial Heritage Conservation Officer against the judgement of the Voivodeship Administrative Court in Lublin of 6 April 2017 (II SA/Lu 1119/16), in which the Court found ineffective inclusion of a real estate monument record card (the area of the former Jewish cemetery in Biłgoraj at Maria Konopnicka Street) in the provincial record of historical monuments. The Supreme Administrative Court stressed that although the judgement under appeal was incorrectly reasoned, it was in accordance with the law since there were grounds for declaring the contested act ineffective. The aforementioned judgement deserves attention due to the fact that it expresses the position that it is impossible to apply the general principles of the Code of Administrative Procedure in the proceedings conducted by the provincial heritage conservation officer concerning the inclusion of the record card of a historical monument in the provincial record of monuments. The purpose of the gloss is to refer to this view.</p>

The Marble Bases of Kunya Ark and Tash-hauli Palaces in Khiva During the 13th AH/ 19th AD Century

Abstract:Khiva is one of the most important cities in Central Asia and it has great geographical, historical, commercial and cultural significance. The architectural style of Khiva was characterized by use of the graceful carved wooden columns inside and outside the buildings in the city, whether religious buildings such as mosques or civil buildings (i.e. palaces and houses). These wooden columns were often used in the covered mosques for supporting the ceilings or in mosques that combine the summer and winter mosques to carry the arches of the outer aisles and the ceilings of the iwans. As for the schools, we do not find a common use of the columns due to their architectural design which depends on the court and rooms with arched iwans. As for the palaces, we find them frequently used due to the multiplicity of architectural units inside them between reception halls, official units, administrative, residential buildings and others. These columns are usually based on marble or stone bases, not wood. Marble and stone are characterized by hardness, strength and durability in carrying wooden columns and protect them from damage due to humidity, rain and snow in the winter.Marble bases are one of the main branches of marble products industry in Khiva, in addition to the manufacture of cenotaphs, tombstones, foundation plates, Fountains and others.Therefore, the architect was keen to use them primarily in the construction, but also paid attention to their design and decoration using different decorative elements. Such art is as equally important as any other decorative arts (i.e. ceramic tiles that cover the walls or wooden ceilings covering the buildings). It is considered a monumental record and has great artistic and historical significance as it chronicles some of the important buildings in the city, which are mostly attributed to the 13th /19th century. Where the wooden column consists of a wooden block based on a marble base known as Bay Uston, decorated by many decorative elements and inscriptions such as some poems, songs, advices and proverbs, the names of manufacturers who were not refered to in sources and references, as well as history of the buildings and manufacture of those columns.The study will be limited to the marble bases inside Kunya Ark and Tash-hauli Palaces in Khiva. In these fortified palaces, the Khorezmian aristocratic class such as khans of khorezm, the rulers of cities and the princes of some independent emirates lived. On the other hand, the marble bases were in good condition, characterized by their distinctive unique style and give us a clear picture about the marble bases in Khiva during that period, but also highlight the most important features of engraved marble in Khiva. This research aims to study the marble bases in Khiva through two models of the most important remaining palaces in Central Asia from the 13th/ 19th century , namely Kunya Ark and Tash-hauli Palaces to identify the general shape of these bases, raw materials, the manner of their formation and decoration and the most important decorative elements such as the floral ornaments, geometric shapes, architectural elements and reading of inscriptions and analysis of their contents.

Intensification in pastoralist cereal use coincides with the expansion of trans-regional networks in the Eurasian Steppe

The pace of transmission of domesticated cereals, including millet from China as well as wheat and barley from southwest Asia, throughout the vast pastoralist landscapes of the Eurasian Steppe (ES) is unclear. The rich monumental record of the ES preserves abundant human remains that provide a temporally deep and spatially broad record of pastoralist dietary intake. Calibration of human δ13C and δ15N values against isotope ratios derived from co-occurring livestock distinguish pastoralist consumption of millet from the products of livestock and, in some regions, identify a considerable reliance by pastoralists on C3 crops. We suggest that the adoption of millet was initially sporadic and consumed at low intensities during the Bronze Age, with the low-level consumption of millet possibly taking place in the Minusinsk Basin perhaps as early as the late third millennium cal BC. Starting in the mid-second millennium cal BC, millet consumption intensified dramatically throughout the ES with the exception of both the Mongolian steppe where millet uptake was strongly delayed until the end of first millennium cal BC and the Trans-Urals where instead barley or wheat gained dietary prominence. The emergence of complex, trans-regional political networks likely facilitated the rapid transfer of cultivars across the steppe during the transition to the Iron Age.

A Tale of Two Mosques: Marrakesh’s Masjid al-Jamiʿ al-Kutubiyya

Abstract The Kutubiyya Mosque, the hallmark monument of the Almohad dynasty (1121–1269) in their capital city of Marrakesh, has resisted scholarly interpretation due to its unique plan, featuring two prayer halls wedged apart by the monumental minaret. The south-facing qibla and the architectural use of a prior dynasty’s palatial remains further complicate the narrative surrounding the function of the mosque within the urban fabric and the Almohads’ dynastic self-concept. This article argues that such idiosyncrasies are indicative of the Almohads’ sensitivity to the intellectual, religious, and legal arguments of the day, expressed through a deliberate adaptation or repudiation of the architectural precedents in the Islamic West. The Kutubiyya must be understood as a monumental record of the dynastic shifts in ideology and identity as the Almohads struggled to define themselves against their predecessors and competitors. The site’s unique plan and complex construction history are the physical evidence of this struggle, which makes the role of the Kutubiyya in the urban history of Marrakesh all the more significant.

Settlement history of Iraqi Kurdistan: an assessment halfway into the project

The objectives of the “Settlement history of Iraqi Kurdistan” project include the identification and recording of archaeological sites and other heritage monuments across an area of more than 3000 km2 located on both banks of the Greater Zab river, north of Erbil. A full survey of the western bank was carried out over three field seasons, in 2013, 2014 and 2015 (leaving the Erbil/Haūler province to be studied in the next two seasons). To date, at least 147 archaeological sites dating from the early Neolithic Hassuna culture to late Ottoman times have been registered. Moreover, the project documented 39 architectural monuments, as well as the oldest rock reliefs in Mesopotamia dating from the mid 3rd millennium BC, located in the village of Gūnduk. Altogether 91 caves and rock shelters were visited in search of Paleolithic and Pre-Pottery Neolithic remains. The paper is an interim assessment of the results halfway into the project, showing the trends and illuminating gaps in the current knowledge.

Gertrude Bell's Mesopotamian Archaeological Photographs

Photographs taken by Gertrude Bell during her 1909 and 1911 archaeological trips to Mesopotamia provide not only a valuable record of sites, monuments, and landscapes that have suffered near or complete destruction over the past one hundred years, they also provide insight into the mindset, aims, and agendas Bell held when she produced these images. Her photographs taken at two sites in particular, Assur and Ukhaidir, highlight some of her attitudes and motivations at the time. On the one hand, in the case of Assur, the photos reflect her admiration for her European archaeological colleagues' skill at excavation and concede their claim to the ancient city's glorious past. On the other hand, the photographs highlight her efforts to showcase her own archaeological knowledge. Many also reflect a sympathetic stance towards the people of modern Mesopotamia, acknowledging their vital presence and often regarding them as the inheritors of the country's rich ancient legacy.

The Shammakh to Ayl Archaeological Survey, Southern Jordan (2010–2012)

The Shammakh to Ayl Archaeological Survey, Southern Jordan (2010–2012)

Soldier tourism in First World War Egypt and Palestine: the evidence of photography

ABSTRACTDuring the First World War, many British and Imperial soldiers serving in Egypt and Palestine took photographs or bought postcards to send or take home showing the places they had visited. As the conflict unfolded, military service there might be viewed as a kind of ‘enforced tourism’ wherein soldiers followed tourist routes and took photographs in ways closely related to those of peace-time visitors. The Views of an Antique Land project has collected approximately 2000 such images and is making them available online creating an important resource for our understanding of visitors and their interests in the early twentieth century. In addition, it will be a resource for those whose ancestors served in those areas and provide a record of the ancient monuments as they appeared at a particular point in time.

DAMAGE ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF CULTURAL HERITAGE PLACES IN A DISASTER AND POST-DISASTER EVENT – A CASE STUDY OF SYRIA

Abstract. In recent decades, and in response to an increased focus on disastrous events ranging from armed conflict to natural events that impact cultural heritage, there is a need for methodologies and approaches to better manage the effects of disaster on cultural heritage. This paper presents the approaches used in the development of a Historic Environment Record (HER) for Syria. It describes the requirements and methodologies used for systematic emergency recording and assessment of cultural heritage. It also presents the type of information needed to record in the aftermath of disaster to assess the scale of damage and destruction. Started as a project at Durham University, the database is now being developed as part of the EAMENA (Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa) project. The core dataset incorporates information and data from archaeological surveys undertaken in Syria by research projects in recent decades and began life as a development of the Shirīn initiative1. The focus of this project is to provide a tool not only for the recording and inventory of sites and monuments, but also to record damage and threats, their causes, and assess their magnitude. It will also record and measure the significance in order to be able to prioritize emergency and preservation responses. The database aims to set procedures for carrying out systematic rapid condition assessment (to record damage) and risk assessment (to record threat and level of risk) of heritage places, on the basis of both on the ground and remote assessment. Given the large number of heritage properties damaged by conflict, the implementation of rapid assessment methods to quickly identify and record level of damage and condition is essential, as it will provide the evidence to support effective prioritization of efforts and resources, and decisions on the appropriate levels of intervention and methods of treatment. The predefined data entry categories, use of a data standard, and systematic methods of assessment will ensure that different users choose from the same prefixed data entry and measurement inputs in order to allow for consistent and comparable assessments across different sites and regions. Given the general lack of appropriate emergency response and assessment databases, this system could also be applied in other locations facing similar threats and damage from conflict or natural disasters.

Fen and Sea: Medieval and Early Modern Landscape Evolution in South-East Lincolnshire Before 1700

ABSTRACTThe low lands of south-east Lincolnshire are often described and interpreted as if they were a single landscape with a homogeneous history. Concentrating on the pre-industrial era this paper aims to show that there is a finer texture to both the visual landscape and the details of its evolution since Roman times. The keys to these developments are (a) reclamation from the wetlands of the sea fringes and from the freshwater fen, and (b) water management thereafter. In the course of the reclamation from the sea, new lands were created as a by-product of salt-making as well as deliberately for agricultural expansion; in this region the Fen stayed as a wetland until the nineteenth century unlike its equivalents in the Great Levels south of the Wash. Modern intensive agriculture has removed many traces of the history of land and water manipulation but a combination of documents, maps and aerial imagery allows a great deal of reconstruction, though gaps remain. Overall, the work is a reminder that de-watered terrain is prone to shrinkage and that modern efficient pumps do not remove the land from the threat of inundation; neither do any of the plans put forward by conservation-minded bodies.Abbreviations: BA: Bethlem Royal Hospital Archive; CUCAP: Cambridge University Collection of Aerial Photography; LAO: Lincolnshire Archives Office; LHER: Lincolnshire Historic Environment Record; NMR: National Monuments Record; TNA: The National ArchivesA context

The Antonine Wall's distance-slabs: LiDAR as metric survey

The “Hidden Landscape of a Roman Frontier” is a collaborative research project run and jointly funded by Canterbury Christ Church University (CCCU) and Historic Environment Scotland (HES). Intended to run for a 3-year period, it began in October 2015. The project focuses on the landscape archaeology, history, and heritage management of the Roman frontier in Scotland, part of the “Frontiers of the Roman Empire” transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2008. The project's primary data-set is comprised of aerial LiDAR at 0.5-m resolution covering the World Heritage Site, combined with terrestrial laser-scanning coverage for the forts at Bar Hill and Rough Castle and the fortlet at Kinneil. All data was commissioned under the auspices of the Scottish Ten Project; the aerial data was captured in spring 2010, the terrestrial data in July 2013 and April 2016. The project also draws upon a number of supplemental data sources, including the National Monuments Record of Scotland (https://canmore.org.uk/), geophysical survey data, archive aerial images, colour infra-red imagery, and additional LiDAR data from the UK Environment Agency.

OCENA WARTOŚCI – NIEZBĘDNY ETAP OCHRONY ZABYTKÓW ARCHEOLOGICZNYCH

In 2012 and 2015, Zbigniew Kobyliński’s articles on valuing archaeological monuments and sites (the article of 2012 was co-authored by Jacek Wysocki) were printed in post-conference publications. Z. Kobyliński assumed that historic preservation officers can assess values of archaeological sites by basing on non-scientific criteria and the level of preservation of artifacts only. The author is also of the opinion that the criteria used for classifying and categorising both properties of special architectural and historic interest and works of arts cannot be applied to archaeological sites. This stems from the knowledge on full potential of archaeological monuments and sites being limited prior to conducting thorough analyses. According to Kobyliński, any value assessment results in negative selection of archaeological sites and therefore, it is of utmost importance to provide all resources with appropriate protection. The author of this article takes a different point of view. Assuming that there is 0.5 million sites entered into the Polish record of archaeological monuments and sites, Konopka is of the opinion that it is and will be impossible to provide all resources even with basic monitoring, not mentioning active care. He reckons that basing on the information collected by archaeologists, it is possible to nominate sites of outstanding potential. Analysing the records by applying the most innovative non-invasive methods may allow for selecting sites which should be provided with particular care in a certain region. Konopka calls for implementing a form in which past relics of outstanding historical value and features characteristic of archaeological sites would be listed. These would be useful in identifying the potential of the place to be protected. He suggests creating a card being of higher rank than the record. The information provided therein would be helpful in nominating properties and sites to be entered into the register of historic monuments and sites.