Reconstruction Plate Research Articles

Clinical application of the anterior pelvic wall locking plate (APWLP) in acetabular fractures involving the quadrilateral surface

BackgroundThe management of acetabular quadrilateral surface fractures remains challenging for surgeons, and the treatment options for such fractures remain controversial. Quadrilateral surface surgery is a complex procedure involving combined approaches, and the quality of fracture reduction closely depends upon the surgical procedure, as well as the skill and experience of the surgeon. This study aimed to explore the clinical effects of applying an anterior pelvic wall locking plate (APWLP) through the lateral-rectus approach for treating acetabular fractures involving the quadrilateral surface.MethodsThis retrospective analysis was comprised of 35 patients with acetabular fractures involving the quadrilateral surface who were treated with an APWLP in our hospital between June 2016 and December 2020. The patients included 25 males and ten females, with an average age of 52.45 years. All the patients were exposed through the lateral-rectus approach, six patients were exposed with an additional iliac fossa approach, and the fractures were fixed by combining an APWLP with a reconstruction plate. The Matta imaging standard was used to assess the quality of the fracture reduction, and the final follow-up clinical outcome was classified as excellent (18 points), good (15–17), fair (13–14), or poor (< 13) according to the modified Merle d’Aubigné-Postel scoring standard.ResultsAll patients successfully completed the operation, and there was no blood vessel or nerve injury during any of the operations. The average follow-up period was 26.11 months. The mean time of resuming full-weight-bearing activities was 12.88 weeks. Hip flexion and extension and internal and external rotation ranges of motion significantly increased over time. At the last follow-up, Matta’s imaging evaluation showed that 24 cases were anatomically reduced, seven cases were satisfactory, and four cases were unsatisfactory. The satisfaction rate was 88.6% (31/35). According to the modified Merle d’Aubigné-Postel scoring standard, the hip function was excellent, good, fair, and poor in 23, 6, 4, and 2 cases, respectively. The excellent and good rates represented 82.9% of the total cases (29/35).ConclusionThe findings suggest that the APWLP for acetabulum quadrilateral surface fracture achieve good to excellent clinical and radiological outcomes, and an APWLP may be a new treatment option for these fractures involving the quadrilateral surface.

Giant ossifying fibroma of the mandible treated with en bloc resection and reconstruction plate placement in pediatric patient: case report and literature review

Ossifying Fibroma is a benign fibro-osseous tumor, but osteolytic and invasive, as well as being a rare lesion. It manifests itself more frequently in the mandible than in the upper jaw, being located preferably in the molar (52%) or premolar (25%) region. It is most commonly diagnosed in women (5:1) between the 3rd and 4th decades of life. It is related to other pathologies such as bone dysplasia, florid cement-osseous dysplasia, among others. This lesion was called a tumor by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1992 in its classification of Odontogenic tumors, because its possible etiopathogenesis is due to periodontal ligament cells. In 2003, the WHO called it a single entity, classified like a bone tumor. The following case that is presented is about a pediatric patient with a diagnosis of Ossifying Fibroma in the mandibular area of large size, which was treated surgically with an en bloc resection of the affected area due to the great extension of the lesion and the compromised tissue. and literature review.

Structure and morphology of the Red Sea, from the mid-ocean ridge to the ocean-continent boundary

The diversity and complexity of existing models on the structure of the Red Sea is the result of a mobile sedimentary cover that not only hides most of the basement and oceanic structures but also hamper the geophysical signals. In this study, we combined published with new unpublished geophysical data to propose a revised interpretation of the structure of the lithosphere between the Hanish Islands (ca. 13.5°N) and the Dead Sea Fracture Zone (ca. 27.5°N). The recognition of allochthonous salt and overburden allows to propose a structural model with simple geometries that are consistent with the present-day kinematic constraints (GPS velocities and Euler Poles) and with the rules of plate's motion on a sphere (Euler Theorem).We mapped a continuous Mid Ocean Ridge segment parallel to the main rift orientation in the southern Red Sea that becomes highly discontinuous and more oblique towards the north as it gets closer to the Euler Pole. These segments all point towards the Euler pole and are consistently offset to the right by transform faults in the central and northern Red Sea cumulating an offset of 400 km. The transform faults are accommodating seafloor spreading in the Red Sea and cluster in three main fracture zones: (1) the Ikwan Fracture Zone near the Ikwan (or Brother) Islands, (2) the Zabargad Fracture Zone in the vicinity of the Zabargad Island and (3) the Jeddah Fracture Zone offshore the Jeddah/Port Sudan area (central Red Sea). Based on a new seismic reflection dataset and published data we propose an interpretation of the Ocean Continent Transition (OCT) in the Red Sea. We bring new evidence (magnetic lineaments, distance of the OCT to the ridge, basin stratigraphy) to support a Middle Miocene (ca. 14 Ma) age for the initiation of seafloor spreading throughout the Red Sea, and we discuss this event with the initiation of strike-slip motion in the Aqaba-Dead Sea transform zone. Finally, compiling all available data and literature, we propose a regionally coherent geodynamic reconstruction using two different poles of rotation for the rifting and seafloor spreading phases.

Virtual Surgical Reduction in Atrophic Edentulous Mandible Fractures: A Novel Approach Based on “in House” Digital Work-Flow

Atrophic edentulous mandible fractures are a challenge for maxillo-facial surgeons because of low vascularization, low bone regeneration, and lack of occlusion. Whereas occlusion is the main guide in the reduction of mandibular fractures, the aim of our study is to show the advantages of using virtual surgical planning (VSP) in surgery when the occlusal guide is absent. This work is a prospective study that shows the in-house digital workflow for the management of these fractures in the Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit of Federico II University Hospital of Naples. Four patients who satisfied the criteria were included in the study. For each patient, the same defined CAD/CAM-based was applied. The workflow followed four steps: (1) bone segmentation and virtual reduction of fracture fragments; (2) three-dimensional printing of virtually reduced mandible and modelling of 2.4 reconstruction plate on printed resin model; (3) surgery aided by the pre-formed plate; (4) digital and clinical outcomes analysis. In the last step, a distance colour map was conducted to compare the virtual planning and postoperative CT outcome. In all cases, the discrepancies values between the two images were lower than 1.5 mm, and good clinical outcomes in terms of facial symmetry, absence of sensory disturbance, and possibility of prosthetic rehabilitation were obtained. In conclusion, the VSP, with our in-house workflow brings benefits in the management of atrophic edentulous mandible fractures in terms of the high accuracy of bone repositioning.

The value of prebent reconstruction plates and in-house 3D printing

IntroductionReconstruction plates, prebent on 3D printed models, are a cheap, quick, and safe solution to improve mandibular reconstruction procedures. The European Medical Device Regulation has changed recently and severely affects 3D printing in hospitals. Therefore, its legitimation must be discussed. This retrospective observational Case-Control Study aimed to evaluate the impact of prebent reconstruction plates on the condylar position in the temporomandibular joint after continuity resection of the mandible in oncological cases. Materials and MethodsWe included patients who underwent segmental mandibular resection without exarticulation of the condyle or history of prior surgery. The patients were divided into groups with prebent plates on a stereolithographic model and intraoperatively bent reconstruction plates. The segmental defects were categorized using the Jewer Classification. Computed Tomography (CT) scans before and after surgery were analyzed using a standardized method to measure the metric movement of the condyles, as well as their angulation to reference planes to quantify positional changes (primary outcome measures). The influence of the defect location, according to the Jewer classification, was evaluated as a secondary outcome measure. Results73 patients, including 33 with preformed reconstruction plates, were included. We could show significantly fewer rotational deviations in cases of prefabricated osteosynthesis in the coronal plane (p<0,001) and in the sagittal plane (p<0,027). DiscussionUsing preformed reconstruction plates on 3D printed models improves the correct anatomical position of the condyle after mandibular resection. Especially Jewer-class-L defects seem to benefit from individualized reconstruction plates.

Subduction of the Neo-Tethys ridge beneath the Eurasian continent during the Cretaceous

Ridge subduction usually has significant influences on the tectonics, magmatic activity and mineralization of the overriding plate because of its special thermal and topographic structures. The Neo-Tethys is a vanished ancient ocean, and thus, its spreading ridge must have been subducted beneath the Eurasian continent. However, where and when the subduction of the Neo-Tethys ridge occurred has not been well constrained. In this study, a Late Cretaceous (∼100 Ma) EW-trending igneous rock belt along the southern margin of the Eurasian continent from the Gangdese terrane to the South China block is recognized based on residual geological records and plate reconstruction. Importantly, these igneous rocks show the characteristics of typical adakites and are consistent with those of adakites derived from partial melting of subducted oceanic crust. Combined with the tectonic evolution of the Neo-Tethys Ocean, ridge subduction was most likely responsible for this adakitic igneous rock belt. In addition, a NS-trending compression event simultaneously occurred in the southern margin of the Gangdese terrane and the South China block during the Late Cretaceous, which agrees well with ridge subduction. The identification of the Neo-Tethys ridge subduction is of great significance for understanding the evolution, magmatism and mineralization of the Neo-Tethys tectonic domain.

Spring Plates as a Valid Additional Fixation in Comminuted Posterior Wall Acetabular Fractures: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

The posterior wall fracture is the most frequent pattern of acetabular fractures. Many techniques of fixation have been described in the literature and involve plates, screws, or a combination of both. This study aims to investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes of spring plates in the treatment of comminuted posterior wall acetabular fractures. (2) Methods: A retrospective multicenter (four level I trauma centers) observational study was performed. Patients with a comminuted posterior wall acetabular fracture treated with a spring plate (DePuy Synthes, West Chester, PA) were included. Diagnosis was made according to the Judet and Letournel classification. Diagnosis was confirmed with plain radiographs in an antero-posterior view and Judet views, iliac and obturator oblique views, and thin-slice CT with multiplanar reconstructions. (3) Results: Forty-six patients (34 males and 12 females) with a mean age of 51.7 years (range 19-73) were included. The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle accident (34 cases). In all cases, spring plates were placed under an overlapping reconstruction plate. The mean follow-up was 33.4 months (range 24-48). The mean period without weight-bearing was 4.9 weeks (range 4-7), and full weight-bearing was allowed at an average of 8.2 weeks (range 7-11) after surgery. (4) Conclusions: According to the present data, spring plates can be considered a viable additional fixation of the posterior wall acetabular fractures.

MORGen: an Algorithm to Compute Spreading Centre and Transform Geometries from Simple Initial Plate Boundaries and Euler Rotations

The age structure of the global ocean floor is a key feature in paleogeographic reconstructions, which in turn forms the quantitative basis for Earth System Science. However, much of the ocean floor in paleogeographic reconstructions has been lost to subduction. The age structure of such lost ocean floor is constructed from the reconstructions of adjacent continents, using the relative rotations, around Euler poles to predict the geometry of spreading centres and transform faults. Building such mid-ocean ridge features in paleogeographic reconstructions is laborious, as it requires redrawing of ridge-transform systems upon every Euler pole shift in the model. In this paper, we present the Mid-Ocean Ridge Generator (MORGen) algorithm, based on pyGPlates. MORGen reduces the laborious task by automating the drawing of mid-ocean ridge geometries from geometrically simple plate boundary input assuming ridge-perpendicular spreading and adjusts ridge geometries in a simplest-scenario fashion by gradually adjusting ridge orientation and transform fault length upon Euler pole shifts, inspired by observations from the modern sea floor. The code takes as input curved line features, representing approximate divergent plate boundaries, and a set of Euler poles. These are then converted into spreading centre-transform geometries. Upon Euler pole shifts, the geometries are adjusted to fit the set of small circles and great circles dictated by the new Euler pole. For studies of paleo-environment and paleo-oceanography MORGen can be used in combination with other algorithms for full reconstructions of ocean floors, including their age, bathymetry, and roughness. For in-situ preserved ocean floor, the paleo-age distribution can be reconstructed directly in high resolution from geophysical and geological data from the modern ocean floor and MORGen would not normally be the option of choice. In cases where models contain ocean floor that has now been subducted, MORGen straightforwardly facilitates mid-ocean ridge geometry reconstruction. To illustrate how well the MORGen algorithm reproduces real ocean floor age structure, we show a synthetic ridge evolution for the South Atlantic and Southern Oceans and compare this to geophysically constrained ocean floor geometry. In addition, we show examples of use cases where direct (re)construction of mid ocean ridges is not possible: now-subducted ocean basins in the Mediterranean region and an ocean in a future supercontinent scenario.

Mini-plate versus Reconstruction Plate: A Comparative Analysis of Complications in Free Fibula Osteocutaneous Flaps for Oral Cancer

Background: Advanced Oral cancers require segmental mandibulectomy, which ideally requires fibula flap reconstruction. Mini-plates or reconstruction plates are used for fibula fixation as per the surgeon’s preference, but the complication rates of each have hardly been studied. The purpose of this study was to find the incidence of plate-related complications, the factors attributing to it, and the difference in complication rates between mini-plate and reconstruction plate for fibula flap fixation exclusively in oral cancer patients who underwent segmental mandibulectomy as part of ablative surgery. Materials and Methods: The study was a retrospective observational study of oral cancer patients who underwent free fibula osteocutaneous flap reconstruction for mandibulectomy defects from November 2010 to November 2020 at a tertiary cancer center in India. Statistical Methods: Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test. Results: Thirty-nine patients were included in the study and the mean follow-up period was 31 months. Seventeen of them had mini-plate fixation, 16 had reconstruction plate fixation and in two patients, both were used. About 25.64% of patients had complications. In the mini-plate group, 11.7% of patients had complications whereas 44.4% had complications in the recon plate group. 9/32 patients who took adjuvant treatment had complications, and in this subset of patients, there was a significant difference in the incidence of complications between the mini and recon plate groups (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Mini-plates are associated with less complications while used for fixation in microvascular fibula osteocutaneous flaps in oral cavity malignancy who are potential candidates for adjuvant treatment.

ОПЫТ ОПЕРАТИВНОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ОТКРЫТОГО МНОГООСКОЛЬЧАТОГО ВНУТРИСУСТАВНОГО ЧРЕЗМЫЩЕЛКОВОГО ПЕРЕЛОМА ПЛЕЧА СО СМЕЩЕНИЕМ ОТЛОМКОВ (КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ)

Complex intra-articular fractures require active patient management tactics and almost always the use of surgical treatment. For intra-articular fractures, it is extremely important to restore the normal anatomical structure, precise reposition and fixation of the fracture, without which it is impossible to restore the full function of the joint and limb. Surgical treatment should be carried out as early as possible in order to prevent the development of contractures. The purpose of this publication is to demonstrate the successful experience of treating a patient with an open comminuted intra-articular transcondylar fracture of humerus with displaced fracture fragments and the validity of the choice of an operative method of treatment of this pathology. Materials and methods : description of a clinical case and a brief analysis of the literature on this issue. Presented case of open reposition of a comminuted intra-articular transcondylar fracture of the shoulder and extra-cortical osteosynthesis with two reconstructive plates is successful. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated based on the data of X-ray examination methods, as well as assessing the function of the limb and the amplitude of movement in the elbow joint. Results : performed open reposition of a comminuted intra-articular transcondylar fracture of shoulder and extra-cortical osteosynthesis with two reconstructive plates. Complete restoration of limb function and anatomical integrity of the distal metaepiphysis of the humerus has been achieved, the patient’s ability to work has been restored.

A retrospective analysis of different treatments of posterior acetabular wall fracture

Introduction/Objective. The objective of the paper is an analysis of clinical outcomes of non-surgical conservative and operative management of patients with posterior acetabular wall fractures. Methods. We investigated 88 fractures of the acetabular joint, 31 of which were treated surgically and 57 non-surgically. Only screws or reconstruction plates and screws were used for surgical treatment and traction in patients who underwent nonsurgical treatment. The study period lasted at least three years. The measures used to assess the outcome of operative, surgical and non-operative, conservative approach were Merle d?Aubigne modified score, Harris hip score, and Matta?s radiometric criteria. Results. Matta?s evaluation criteria showed an excellent score of 40.4% in conservatively treated patients; 19.4% in patients who underwent surgery; a good score of 49.1% in conservatively treated patients; and 48.4% in patients who underwent surgery. Comparation between two patient groups differently treated, by Merle d?Aubigne tool, showed excellent results for 56.1% conservatively treated patients and 25.8% in those patients who underwent surgery, and good results in 29.8% conservatively treated patients and 38.7% in patients who underwent surgery. Harris hip score (excellent results were showed in 54.4% for non-operative-treated patients) also showed statistical significance, p &lt; 0.005. Conclusion. Proper diagnostics and a proper definitive diagnosis can help avoid surgical treatment if the fracture cannot be treated surgically, making the postoperative period more comfortable for the patient.

Mandibular Rezeksiyon Sonrası Geniş Kemik Defektinin ve Mandibular Sinirin Rejenerasyonu

Few cases of spontaneous bone regeneration after extensive resection of the jaw bone have been reported, but there are not too many reports that show spontaneous nerve regeneration. In this case, we report spontaneous bone and nerve healing in a 67-year-old female patient. She was diagnosed with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw due to previous bisphosphonate use. After segmental resection, stabilization was achieved using a reconstruction plate. Three years later, panoramic radiography was taken, and bone formation was seen horizontally and vertically, not around the plate but on the upside. More than that, the patient didn't feel her low lip since the operation as expected. But after 6 months, in routine check-ups, she discerns the feeling of the lower lip again from the patient. There is approximately 60% sensation compared to the right side.

Comparative evaluation of a patient-specific customised plate designs and screws for partial mandibular reconstruction.

Mandibles with odontogenic tumors are often partially reconstructed with a metallic bone graft analogue with dental roots, crowns, along with a customized plate fixed with monocortical or bicortical screws, following resection of the tumor. In this study, two different designs of patient specific customized Ti reconstruction plates, solid and plate with holes, were considered. Fixation through both bicortical and monocortical screw types were investigated. FE models of the reconstructed mandibles were developed to analyse the influence of the plate-screw type combination on the load transfer across the mandibles under a mastication cycle. The effective homogenized orthotropic material properties of the lattice structures with 0.6mm fibre diameter with 0.5mm inter-fibre space were assigned to material properties for the bone graft analogue. The study shows that the combination of plate and screw types influences the state of stresses in the reconstructed mandible. Based on the results of this patient specific study, following resection of the tumor, either solid Ti plate with bicortical screws or Ti plate with holes along with monocortical screws may be used for partial mandibulectomy. It should also be noted that stresses in none of the plates or screws exceeded the yield limit for Ti under the mastication cycle indicating that the components are safe for mandibular reconstruction. However, the choice of this combination of reconstruction plates and screws is dependant on the condition and severity of the tumor in the diseased mandible.

Dual plating for fixation failure of the distal femur: Finite element analysis and a clinical series.

The optimal technique for managing distal femur fixation failure remains inconclusive. The author studied the efficacy of a combined proximal humerus locking compression plate (LCP-PH) and 3.5mm reconstruction plate (LCP-RP) by finite element (FE) analysis and retrospectively described the clinical outcomes of the present technique in such difficult circumstances. Biomechanical study setting included FE models of the distal femur with remaining holes from previous distal femur LCP (LCP-DF) fixation stabilized with three different constructs i.e., LCP-DF alone, LCP-DF-and-LCP-RP, as well as LCP-PH-and-LCP-RP. All settings were analyzed by using FE under physiological loads. Regarding the clinical series, the outcomes of 8 LCP-DF fixation failures operated on by the present technique were retrospectively reviewed. High Implant stress of 911.2MPa and elastic strain at fracture site of 200.8µɛ were found when stabilized with LCP-DF. The constructs of LCP-DF-and-LCP-RP, and LCP-PH-and-LCP-RP presented lower implant stress compared to LCP-DF, 511.5, and 617.5MPa, respectively. The elastic strain of both dual plating constructs was also 4-5 times lower than LCP-DF and differed from each other by approximately 10µɛ. Regarding the clinical series, bony consolidation was achieved in all cases with a mean duration of 28.5 weeks (range 24-36). An average ROM of the affected knee was 115° (range 105-140). Regarding the KSS, 1 was determined to be excellent and 7 to be good. By the biomechanical analysis and the clinical results, the construct of LCP-PH-and-LCP-RP could be an effective technique for revision surgery of LCP-DF fixation failure.

Anatomical pre-contoured locking plate versus reconstruction plate in the management of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures

Anatomical pre-contoured locking plate versus reconstruction plate in the management of displaced midshaft clavicular fractures

Use of calcaneal plates in the treatment of posterior pelvic ring injuries and displaced iliac blade fractures- A case series

IntroductionThe operative fixation of pelvic ring injuries and associated acetabulum fractures presents a challenging scenario to most of the orthopaedic trauma surgeons. Current development of anatomically contoured reconstruction (ACR) plates gained popularity in fixing complex pelvic ring fractures. This study was done to assess the functional and radiological outcomes using of lateral wall stainless steel (LWSS) calcaneal plates in posterior pelvic ring injuries and displaced iliac blade fractures. Materials and methodsRetrospectively selected eight cases of pelvic ring injuries planned for fixing posterior pelvic instability and iliac blade fractures using LWSS plates. Mean follow-up was 18 months (Range 12–26 months). ResultsAverage time for radiological bony union achieved in 18 weeks (Range 13–22). Seven patients returned to their normal work. Average Majeed score was 60 (Range 50–68). Mean duration of surgery was 160 min (Range 120–200). ConclusionThis technique can be routinely used as supplementary fixation for posterior pelvic ring instability and iliac blade fractures. LWSS calcaneal plates showed no screw breakage or implant failure. Further this technique was cost effective in developing countries with limited resources.

Emplacement and evolution of zoned plutons: Multiproxy isotopic and geochemical evidence from the peraluminous Laojunshan leucogranite suite, southwestern China, and implications on the regional geodynamic and metallogenic history

The petrogenesis and geodynamic setting of peraluminous leucogranites are important topics for reconstructing regional geodynamic and metallogenic models. Here we present the results of an integrated study of zircon U-Pb ages and Hf-O isotopic compositions, monazite U-Th-Pb-Nd isotopes, tourmaline boron isotope, and bulk-rock elemental and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of an unusual suite of leucogranite, the Laojunshan leucogranite (LJSL), from the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block in southwest China. The LJSL samples are strongly peraluminous with their zircon δ18O (8.8–10.2 ‰) and tourmaline δ11B (−14.32 to −12.75 ‰) values suggesting S-type origin. The LJSL rocks show high SiO2, Al2O3, K2O and Rb/Sr, low P2O5, CaO, FeOt, MgO, low REE abundances with moderate LREE enrichment and strong negative Eu anomalies, high (87Sr/86Sr)i (0.7127–0.7421) and low εNd(t) (−10.36 to −12.67). These features suggest protracted fractional crystallization from S-type parental granitoid magmas with Ti-in-zircon thermometry giving a mean temperature of ∼760 °C. The bulk-rock Sr-Nd, monazite Nd and zircon Hf-O isotope data suggest that the S-type magmas parental to the LJSL formed through partial melting involving muscovite-breakdown in the Paleoproterozoic middle-upper crustal metasedimentary rocks. Zircon and monazite U-(Th)-Pb dating reveals three intrusive phases for the LJSL (91–89 Ma, 87–85 Ma and 83–82 Ma), correlating with the compression-to-extension tectonic regime transition in response to the subduction polarity change from northwestward subduction of the Okhotomorsk block to northward subduction of the Neotethys oceanic lithosphere. Our findings contribute to the understanding of Mesozoic plate reconstruction associated with the India-Asia collision in the Cenozoic.

The Preference Treating of Comminuted Mandibular Fractures by The Close Reduction Over the Open Reduction Technique in Iraq Soldiers War Under Specific Factors

Aim of the study: The preforming study tended to point the using close reduction Inter maxillary fixation (CRIMF) as definite treatment for comminuted fracture of the mandible under certain conditions for managing same types of mandibular fractures with the evaluating and comparing the outcome and complications between two techniques.&#x0D; Materials and methods: (CRIMF) and (ORIF). A total of 51 patients with comminuted mandibular fractures, aged between (17-45) years. All patients were examined clinically,&#x0D; &#x0D; radio graphically (OPG) and some of them computed tomographically (CT3D) before and after treatment to evaluate the regions fracture position, and assessed the complication resulted post operatively. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A (n=30) patients with 36 fractures had managed by close reduction and indirect fixation using intra maxillary fixation (CRIMF). Group B (n= 21) patients with 24 fractures operated by open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) using reconstruction plates. Group A managed by maxilla mandibular fixation MMF were performed for 28 cases under general an anesthesia (GA) and only 2 patients fixed under local anesthesia. In the group B, all surgical operations of ORIF were done under GA.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Segmentation of continental Indian plate by the Narmada‐Son diffuse plate boundary

The Narmada‐Son lineament is a major tectonic feature in Central India. Here we employ data from geodetic measurements of crustal deformation and upper mantle P‐wave travel time tomography and propose that the Narmada‐Son palaeo‐rift is a present‐day diffuse plate boundary that segments the continental part of the Indian “composite” plate into two component plates, the North and South‐Indian plate. Tomographic images reveal that the collision of an indenter, associated with the relatively faster moving South‐Indian plate, with the Narmada‐Son diffuse plate boundary acted as a pivot point exerting a torque on one of the component plates along with mechanical rotation. This new proposal along with a new identity of the Narmada‐Son diffuse plate boundary is in better agreement with the estimated location of the relative Euler pole across two respective component plates. Our model is also able to better explain the Indian “composite” plate hypothesis, diversity in the topographic architecture along the rift, and contrasting deformation styles on either side of the diffuse plate boundary.

EaDz: A web-based, relational database for detrital zircons from East Asia

Detrital zircon geochronology and geochemistry have become the primary methods for reconstructing the Earth's tectonic and surficial processes over geologic time. The compilation and dissemination of detrital zircon data are essential to facilitate rapid, innovative, and reliable studies and to drive new research discoveries. To this end, we present EaDz, a new web-based, relational database for detrital zircons from East Asia, which includes geochronological, geochemical, petrological, and stratigraphic datasets. The EaDz currently contains 7083 rock samples representing 570,092 U–Pb ages, 77,394 Lu–Hf isotopes, 35,045 trace elements, and 1773 oxygen isotope data entries. Within the EaDz database, 71% of the samples are siliciclastic rocks, followed by 16% metasedimentary rocks, 6% modern sediments, and 7% other rocks. The database is intended to serve as a repository for new and existing detrital zircon data and a platform for the visualization and analysis of detrital zircon data. Through a publicly accessible interactive website, EaDz allows simultaneous data retrieval, analysis, and visualization in the cloud. Additionally, EaDz provides a means for combining the detrital zircon data with global plate reconstruction models - thus providing deep-time dynamic reconstructions of detrital palaeolocations. As such, the EaDz provides a powerful resource for applications in paleogeography reconstruction, plate tectonic reconstruction, and crustal-mantle evolution. The database will continue to be developed and improved. We encourage users to collaborate on data compilation by submitting data through the website or contacting corresponding authors directly after their data is published.