Reconstruction Of Full-thickness Cheek Defect Research Articles

Single-Skin Paddle Anterolateral Thigh Free Flap with Ileotibial Tract for Internal Lining in Reconstruction of Full-Thickness Cheek Defect.

Single-Skin Paddle Anterolateral Thigh Free Flap with Ileotibial Tract for Internal Lining in Reconstruction of Full-Thickness Cheek Defect.

Reconstruction of full-thickness cheek defect with a folded cervico-pectoral cutaneous flap following ablation of advanced oral cancer in elderly patient

Reconstruction of full-thickness cheek defects involving both the oral lining and the external facial skin following ablative surgery remains a difficult task. Free flap reconstruction is the main modality of treatment, but sometimes there is a reluctance to use it in elderly patients with several comorbidities for an increased risk of non-cancer-related cause of death. This article describes a folded cervico-pectoral fasciocutaneous flap that has been used to reconstruct a full-thickness cheek defect in elderly patients. Moreover, surgical technique and aesthetic results 2 years after surgery are discussed in this article. Currently, after 2 years, the patient is free of disease and enjoys good health. In conclusion, folded cervico-pectoral fasciocutaneous flap is a fast and practical technique for reconstructing full-thickness cheek defects after tumor excision. The flap was straightforward to perform and reliable in both blood supply and cosmetic outcome, and it provides a good alternative to free flaps for cheek and upper neck reconstruction of elderly patients. Level of Evidence: Level V, therapeutic study.

Reconstruction of full-thickness cheek defects with a folded extended supraclavicular fasciocutaneous island flap following ablation of advanced oral cancer.

The aim of the present clinical study was to evaluate the feasibility of a folded extended supraclavicular fasciocutaneous island flap (SFIF) for full-thickness cheek defect reconstruction following ablative oral cancer surgery. The nine patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa were six men and three women, with a mean age of 60.8 years. All patients were treated with surgery including ipsilateral radical neck dissection. A folded extended SFIF with a skin paddle ranging between 6 × (6 + 5) cm and 7 × (10 + 9) cm were used to reconstruct the full-thickness cheek defects. One minor flap failure and one wound dehiscence in donor site occurred, but all flaps survived, and there was no major complication in any patient. All patients were able to receive all of their nutrition orally and had normal speech. The patients were followed-up for 9-28 months; six patients were living with no evidence of disease, two was living with disease, and one died of local recurrence. The folded extended SFIF to reconstruct full-thickness cheek defects is reliable and an excellent alternative to other options for patients who have full-thickness defect of the cheek.

Double-Skin Paddled Superficial Temporofascial Flap for the Reconstruction of Full-Thickness Cheek Defect

The most common causes of cheek defects include trauma, burn, and tumor resections. In the reconstruction of the defects in this region, it is essential to use similar or adjacent tissue considering the aesthetic and functional properties. For this purpose, numerous local, regional, or distant free flaps were described. The local flaps harvested from the head and neck region are the most frequent methods because of the similar skin color, texture, and compatibility with cheek.In this study, the reconstruction in a 29-year-old male patient who had a full-thickness cheek defect due to tumor resection on the left side was performed, wherein a hairless skin island was carried through the frontal branch of superficial temporal artery for oral mucosa, and a hairy skin island through the parietal branch of the same pedicle was carried for the bearded skin defect. No complication occurred postoperatively and both aesthetic and functional satisfactory results were obtained, providing the oral mucosal and natural beard integrity. Donor-site scarring and temporal alopecia were recorded as the disadvantages of this method.This technique is a useful method for the reconstruction of full-thickness cheek defects because of its advantages including compatibility of color and texture, reliable blood supply, requiring single-session procedure, and being able to carry 2 different skin islands on the same pedicle.

Reconstruction of Full-Thickness Cheek Defects With Using Free Osseocutaneous Radial Forearm Flap

The aim of the present clinical study was to evaluate the feasibility of free osseocutaneous radial forearm flap in the reconstruction of full-thickness cheek defect after ablative cancer surgery. A retrospective review of data was obtained from consecutive patients requiring free osseocutaneous radial forearm flap to recover both the cutaneous and bone deficit in major full-thickness cheek defect after oncologic resection. Two patients had advanced cheek squamous cell carcinoma. All patients had combined bone and extensive soft-tissue defects. The free osseocutaneous radial forearm flap measuring 10 × 8 cm to 14 × 10 cm was used to reconstruct the major through-and-through cheek defects. No major complications occurred in any patient. The patients were followed up for 6 to 20 months; 1 patient was living with no evidence of disease, and 1 had died of local recurrence. The free osseocutaneous radial forearm flap to reconstruct major through-and-through cheek soft tissue and bone defects is reliable and an excellent alternative to other options for patients who have full-thickness defect of cheek.

Reconstruction of full-thickness cheek defects with combined temporalis myofacial and facial-cervico-pectoral flaps

The objective of this study was to assess using the temporal myofacial flaps (TMFF) and the facial-cervico-pectoral flap (FCPF) to provide both inner and outer linings for large full-thickness cheek defects following ablative oral cancer surgery. Twelve patients with malignant tumors in the buccal region were treated by extensive surgical dissection, and the cheek mucosa defects were repaired with the TMFF and the cheek skin defects were reconstructed with the FCPF. There were 9 male and 3 female patients, age range from 18 to 70 years (mean 52.8). The full-thickness cheek defects ranged from 7 x 6 cm to 10 x 8 cm in size. No patient had complete loss of flap; 3 patients had minor complications (TMFF and FCPF partial necrosis and FCPF distal dehiscence) all of which settled with conservative management. Mouth opening was normal in 10 patients, and facial contour was satisfactory in 8 patients. The follow-up period varied from 6 to 26 months (mean 15.2); 3 tumors had local recurrences and 2 patients died from tumor metastasis. We found the technique to be anatomically sound, technically easy and reliable, and believe it is a useful method for the reconstruction of large full-thickness cheek defects.

Reconstruction of full-thickness cheek defects using platysma myocutaneous flaps

Myocutaneous flaps play an important role in reconstruction of full-thickness defects of the head and neck area. In this study, a different application of the platysma myocutaneous flap for the reconstruction of full-thickness cheek defects is presented. The technique described has provided an acceptable cosmetic and functional result. It was used in four patients operated on under local anesthesia. Reconstruction of full-thickness cheek defects is easily achieved, especially for palliation in poor risk patients.

Reconstruction of full-thickness cheek defects with a bipaddled radial forearm flap

The use of a double folded radial forearm free flap for the reconstruction of full thickness cheek defects in six patients is reported. A brief comparison with other methods is made and a modification of the flap for the reconstruction of the angle of the mouth is presented.

Reconstruction of full-thickness cheek defect affecting the oral commissure by galeal skin island flap: a case report

This article describes the use of the galeal skin island flap in the reconstruction of a full-thickness cheek defect affecting the oral commissure, created after radical surgery in a 60-year-old patient suffering from carcinoma of the cheek. Advantages and drawbacks of the described technique are discussed.