Reconstituted Sorghum Grain Research Articles

The effect of length of storage and sodium benzoate on the nutritive value of reconstituted sorghum grain silages for dairy cows

Twenty Holstein cows at 168 ± 87 d in milk (mean ± SD) were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement to evaluate the effects of 2 storage lengths (30 or 90 d) and the presence of sodium benzoate (control or 0.2% as fed) on the nutritive value of reconstituted sorghum grain silages (RSGS). For each treatment, dry ground sorghum grain was rehydrated to 35% moisture and ensiled in 200-L plastic drums. The treatments were RSGS stored for 30 d without sodium benzoate (30 CON), RSGS stored for 30 d with sodium benzoate (30 BEN), RSGS stored for 90 d without sodium benzoate (90 CON) and RSGS stored for 90 d with sodium benzoate (90 BEN). Diets contained 16.3% RSGS. Silages stored for 90 d had higher concentrations of 1,2-propanediol, soluble protein, and ammonia nitrogen than did those stored for 30 d. Sodium benzoate reduced ethanol and ethyl-ester formation. Silages stored for 90 d had higher starch (89.3 vs. 86.9%) and protein (57.1 vs. 54.0%) digestibility compared with silages stored for 30 d. The ruminal acetate-to-propionate ratio tended to be lower in RSGS stored for 90 d than in RSGS stored for 30 d (3.75 vs. 3.34). Milk yield increased from 30.0 kg/d in cows fed RSGS stored for 30 d to 31.2 kg/d in cows fed RSGS stored for 90 d, without a change in dry matter intake (23.5 kg/d on average). Hence, feed efficiency and milk N efficiency also had tendencies to increase in cows fed RSGS stored for 90 d. Sodium benzoate did not alter cow performance but slightly increased plasma glucose (65.2 vs. 63.6 mg/dL). In conclusion, increasing the storage period of RSGS from 30 to 90 d improved starch and protein digestibility, milk yield, and feed efficiency.

Estimating starch availability and protein degradation of steam-flaked and reconstituted sorghum grain through a gas production technique.

Five steam-flaked sorghum grain (SFSG) samples with bulk densities of 476, 412, 347, 309 and 283 g/liter made by adjusting tension between mill rollers and three reconstituted sorghum grain (RSG) samples with reconstitution times of 10, 20 and 30 d and a control sample were analyzed for gas production kinetics (rumen liquor fermentation) and enzymatic glucose release (amyloglucosidase). Protein degradation was estimated from 6-h gas production and residual ammonia in the liquid. Gas production followed first-order kinetics (r2 greater than .98; P less than .01) and was used to describe rate and extent of digestion kinetics. Rate of gas production increased as processing degree increased. The magnitude of increase in gas production, however, was much less for RSG than for SFSG. Linear relationships were observed between enzymatic glucose release and the gas production rate constant k as well as gas production at 4,6 and 8 h (r2 greater than .98; P less than .01). Protein degradation decreased with processing degree of SFSG but increased with reconstitution time. A technique based on 6-h gas production and residual ammonia in the liquid is proposed to estimate both ruminal starch availability and ruminal protein degradability for processed sorghum grain.

Utilization by finishing pigs of reconstituted sorghum grain treated with enzymes or enzymes plus a bacterial inoculant prior to ensiling (1988)

One hundred eight finishing pigs averaging 117 lb were used to evaluate the effects of adding enzymes with or without a bacterial inoculant to reconstituted sorghum grain used in swine diets. No differences were noted in gain, feed efficiency, or carcass characteristics as determined by ultrasonic scanning.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 17, 1988

The Nutritional Value of High Moisture and Reconstituted Sorghum Grain for Swine3

The Nutritional Value of High Moisture and Reconstituted Sorghum Grain for Swine3

Reconstituted Sorghum Grain for Lactating Dairy Cows

Rations containing finely ground air-dry and reconstituted (70% dry matter) sorghum grain were compared in a switchback trial with 21 lactating dairy cows. Feed consumption was ad libitum with the restriction that grain concentrates comprise no more than 60% of the total intake of dry matter. Reconstituted grain was consumed more readily than ground grain, resulting in a higher percentage of concentrates in rations of cows fed reconstituted grain than of control cows (55.8 versus 52.8%). Milk yield and composition were similar for cows on the two treatments. Apparent digestibility of ration components and gross efficiency of feed utilization were not affected by method of grain processing. Reconstituted sorghum grain and finely ground grain on a dry basis were equal in feeding value for high producing dairy cows.

Acetic Acid Treatment of Reconstituted Sorghum Grain for Dairy Cos

Rations containing air-dry (90% dry matter), water reconstituted (70% dry matter) or acetic acid reconstituted (70% dry matter, 2% acetic acid) sorghum grain were compared in digestion and production trials. Coefficients of apparent digestibility for all chemical components were highest for the water reconstituted grain ration and lowest for the dry grain ration; however, only soluble sugars, starch and ash differences were statistically significant. Lactating cows fed a 40:60 hay: concentrate ration consumed equal quantities of total dry matter, but cows fed the two reconstituted rations consumed more hay and less concentrate dry matter than cows fed the dry grain ration. Fat-corrected milk production was not affected by grain treatment, but actual milk production was higher by cows fed the water reconstituted grain ration than cows fed dry grain ration. Milk fat percent and yield were decreased by water recon-stitution, yet no difference occurred between acetic acid reconstitution and dry grain rations. Milk protein percent was higher for cows fed the acetic acid reconstituted grain ration than those fed the dry grain ration. Molar percentage of ruminal acetic acid from cows fed the water reconstituted grain ration was lower than from those fed the other two rations. Acetic acid from reconstituted grain was sufficient to maintain ruminal acetic acid and milk fat percentages.

Commerical Feedlot Evaluation of Four Methods of Sorghum Grain Processing1

Two feeding trials were conducted in commerical feedlots of West Texas to study the influence of four grain processing methods upon animal performance and carcass characteristics. Steers fed steam flaked, whole reconstituted and rolled or rolled reconstituted sorghum grain rations (Trial I) gained at similar rates and also produced carcasses with similar characteristics. Similar results were observed for steers fed either steam flaked or micronized sorghum grain rations (Trial II). In Trial I steers fed whole reconstituted and rolled grain rations consumed less feed than the other two treatments resulting in a more desirable feed conversion. In Trial II steers fed micronized grain rations consumed slightly more feed than those fed steam flaked grain rations and showed less desirable feed conversion. Physical characteristics of the processed grains are described

In Vitro Evaluation of Chemically Reconstituted Sorghum Grain

Sorghum grain was reconstituted to 30% moisture by addition of water, or water solutions containing acetic acid, metaphosphoric acid, or sodium hydroxide. Acetic acid treated grain was stored under both aerobic and anerobic conditions. After 21 days of storage the grain was digested in vitro. In vitro dry matter disappearance was increased by each reconstitution treatment. Acetic acid treatment preserved reconstituted grain under aerobic conditions. In vitro production of acetic acid was increased (P<.05) whereas propionic acid was decreased (P<.05) as treatment with acetic acid was increased in the grain.

Reconstituted sorghum grain for finishing swine (1971)

Reconstituted sorghum grain for finishing swine (1971)

Early Harvested and Reconstituted Sorghum Grain for Cattle1

The use of high-moisture grain for finishing beef cattle attracted the attention of cattle feeders and research workers when early frosts terminated the natural maturation of corn in the Corn Belt many years ago. In 1904, Kennedy et al. concluded that on a dry matter basis, soft corn containing 35% moisture was equal to mature corn for finishing steers. In more recent years Indiana workers (Beeson and Perry, 1958) compared high-moisture and low-moisture corn in two cattle feeding trials. The results showed no statistically significant difference in rate of gain, but the cattle fed high-moisture corn showed a substantial improvement in feed conversion when the two feeds were compared on a dry basis. Problems with sorghum grain too moist for safe dry storage probably originated with the advent of combine harvesting. Prior to 1940 there was considerable interest in storing wet grain in trench silos in South Texas.

Fatty acid, epinephrine, and glucagon hyperglycemia in normal and depancreatized sheep.

ARTICLESFatty acid, epinephrine, and glucagon hyperglycemia in normal and depancreatized sheepRW Phillips, WA House, RA Miller, JL Mott, and DL SoobyRW Phillips, WA House, RA Miller, JL Mott, and DL SoobyPublished Online:01 Nov 1969https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.5.1265MoreSectionsPDF (897 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByThe effect of length of storage and sodium benzoate on the nutritive value of reconstituted sorghum grain silages for dairy cowsJournal of Dairy Science, Vol. 102, No. 10Effects of benzoic acid and its analogues on insulin and glucagon secretion in sheepEuropean Journal of Pharmacology, Vol. 280, No. 2Acute Metabolic and Hormonal Effects of Intravenously Administered Sodium n-Butyrate in Untreated and Alloxan-Diabetic SheepJournal of Veterinary Medicine Series A, Vol. 40, No. 1-10Effects of intravenous injection of butyrate, valerate and their isomers on endocrine pancreatic responses in conscious sheep (Ovis aries)Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, Vol. 95, No. 3Hormonal regulation of metabolism in ruminants; a reviewLivestock Production Science, Vol. 14, No. 4Effect of adrenergic drugs on glucose and plasma glucagon and insulin responses to xylazine in sheepResearch in Veterinary Science, Vol. 33, No. 1The Depressional Influence of Ammonia on the Level of Blood Amino Acids in Wethers and Bulls13 May 2010 | Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe A, Vol. 22, No. 6Studies on the control of gluconeogenesis in sheep: effect of propionate, casein and butyrate infusions24 July 2007 | British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 29, No. 2Vormagenstoffwechsel und Glucogenese beim Wiederkäuer19 October 2009 | Zeitschrift für Tierphysiologie Tierernährung und Futtermittelkunde, Vol. 28, No. 1-5 More from this issue > Volume 217Issue 5November 1969Pages 1265-1268 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1969 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.217.5.1265PubMed5346289History Published online 1 November 1969 Published in print 1 November 1969 Metrics