Reconceptualization Of Time Research Articles

Timing bombs and the temporal dynamics of Iranian nuclear security

Abstract For more than two decades, Iran’s nuclear programme has concerned policymakers and scholars alike. Whether speeding up uranium enrichment, slowing down international negotiations, or disrupting the timing of key initiatives, actions around Iran’s nuclear programme bear a clear time signature. Yet systematic accounts of the importance of time in shaping foreign and security policymaking have been largely neglected. Through foreign policy timing theory’s (FP4D) reconceptualisation of time we show how actors both constructed and then used time to pursue their strategic interests, creating, altering, and sabotaging the timing mechanism linking Iranian nuclear technology and international sanctions. These manipulations of time by both domestic and international actors resulted in prolonged international negotiations and fluctuating periods of crisis and produced a temporally flawed agreement frozen in time. We consider time’s impact on the current challenges and future direction of nuclear diplomacy with Iran as well as its importance for broader nuclear security issues.

Rethinking Reform: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Ṭāhā and the Temporal Reconceptualization of the Authenticity–Modernity Paradigm

This article looks to reconceptualize the question of reform in modern Islamic society through the work of the Moroccan thinker ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Ṭāhā by highlighting how he redefines concepts central to contemporary Arab thought using an alternative temporal perspective. Starting from the observation that discussions on the reform of heritage prominent in contemporary Arab thought display a linear-progressive character that sustains its dichotomous character as a seemingly interminable contest between modernizers and traditionalists, we will discuss Ṭāhā’s argument for puncturing the recurring structure of these debates by proposing a conceptualization of time that locates the essence of modernity in an authentic past. Not only does this reconfigure received interpretations of concepts of modernity and authenticity, but it also shows how, given the foundational role that the dominant linear-progressive conception of time plays in structuring Arab-Islamic thought, a reconceptualization of time can open up ways of reconceptualizing this entire debate and the question of reform at the center of it.

Witnessing Wonderland: Research with Black girls imagining freer futures

PurposeThis paper aims to contribute to a growing body of work (re)imagining the future for Black girls by calling Western notions of time into question. At its core, this paper argues that all Black girls are imaginative beings and that it is essential that Black girlhood imagination as a mode of future-making praxis be considered an integral component in the pursuit of Black liberation. To do such the author engages Black feminist futurity Campt (2017) and Black Quantum Futurity Phillips (2015) to illuminate ways a reconceptualization of time provides us with an analytical tool to amplify Black girls’ liberatory fantasies.Design/methodology/approachA literature review was conducted to synthesize Black girls’ freedom dreams (Kelley, 2002) across time in an effort to demonstrate that Black girls, despite their conditions, are experts in self-defining their dreams of the future. It also highlights methods that researchers use to elucidate the freedom dreams of Black girls years past.FindingsThis paper underscores the urgency in applying future-oriented research practices in the attempt to create a new world for Black girls. It also demonstrates that Black girls have always been and always be, imaginative beings that engaged in future-making dreaming.Research limitations/implicationsThe author offers a conceptual framework for researchers committed to witnessing Black girl imaginations and in an effort to work in concert with Black girls to get them freer, faster.Originality/valueThis paper makes the argument that studying the imaginations and freedom dreams of Black girls requires the employment of future-oriented theories that have a racial, gender and age-based analysis.

Manipulating Time: Temporal Agency and Entrepreneurial Action

In recent work, scholars have taken important steps to explicate the role of time in theories of entrepreneurial action. Our research builds on these approaches in a number of important ways by further theorizing the inextricable bond and ongoing interplay between entrepreneurs and their respective temporal contexts. First, we identify and develop distinctions between the enabling and constraining influences of two different temporal forms: time-as-interval and time-as-emergence. Second, we build new theory to account for the temporal agency of entrepreneurship in order to address the constraining and enabling influences of time. Central to our approach is a re-conceptualization of time not simply as the medium of entrepreneurial agency, but as the target or object of entrepreneurial agency, which entrepreneurs attempt to manipulate through six types of action: conversion, inversion, subversion, diversion, perversion, and reversion. We ground our framework in common business venturing practices, discussing the wide-ranging implications of how the manipulation of time provides novel means for entrepreneurs to mitigate uncertainty in their attempt to achieve desired outcomes.

Beyond temporality: Notes on the anthropology of time from a shrinking fieldsite

With the help of ethnographic material from Germany’s fastest shrinking city, I critically engage in this paper with the term ‘temporality’. By bringing together recent insights from the anthropology of time and the future, the literature on post-socialism, and contemporary philosophical debates on the problem of presentism, I pursue a thorough re-conceptualization of time as a matter of knowledge practices. I thereby question the idea of temporality as an inherent quality of anthropology’s objects of inquiry. Beyond temporality, I urge for abandoning such temporal attributions altogether whilst scrutinizing the temporal underpinnings of our own theories and analytics, as manifested in the term post-socialism. I claim that if anthropologists, and other social scientists, want to avoid determinists’ fallacies they should acknowledge that there is, indeed, no need for temporality in their analyses.

Introduction to ecological description of a community intervention: building prevention through collaborative field based research.

This special issue of the American Journal of Community Psychology is the result of a 18-year partnership with Alaska Native communities using collaborative field based research methods. Its goal is to provide a case study fulfilling the spirit of ecological inquiry, offering a detailed and nuanced description of a community intervention. The articles describe the nature of our work, including some of our successes, as well as challenges, dilemmas, and even disappointments we experienced along the way. Our primary aim was to develop and assess the feasibility of a complex, multi-level intervention to increase protective factors hypothesized to reduce suicide and alcohol abuse among rural Yup'ik Alaska Native youth ages 12-18. The articles that follow include descriptions of the cultural context, relevant literature and project history, our methods of community engagement in measurement development strategies, an empirical test of the prevention model that guided the intervention, the development and implementation of the intervention, a feasibility and impact assessment, and an evaluation of community engagement. A final article summarizes what is generalizable from the work in field based intervention research with rural and culturally distinct populations, and future prospects for decolonizing community intervention research methods. These papers raise important issues, including (1) need for deep, contextual ecological descriptions, (2) reconceptualization of time in the research relationship, (3) distinctions between populations and communities, and (4) the conflict between values of communities and intervention science.

“Real‐World Cognition Doesn't End When the Bell Rings”: Literacy Instruction Strategies Derived From Situated Cognition Research

This article discusses situated cognition research and its impact on literacy studies concepts and instruction. It provides a brief historical comparison of cognitive psychology and situated cognition and emphasizes the importance of understanding the complex relationships that exist between learners, the settings in which they engage in cognitive activities, and the reconceptualization of time and its usage. Two classroom strategies derived from the work of Jean Lave and Sylvia Scribner are discussed in depth, as are the lives of students who benefited from these approaches.The author emphasizes the need for cognitive activities that begin in the classroom to continue after the class has ended and encourages educators and researchers to further examine the nature of adaptive thinking and working intelligence. Instead of teacher training courses placing emphasis on teachers' mastery of “closure” of the 40‐minute lesson, courses should encourage teachers to allow their students to engage in problem‐solving opportunities that will persist after instruction has ended. Finally, the article asserts that processes of deriving meaning from reading and writing require components of positive affect in order to be successful and that further studies are needed to explore the nature of adaptive thinking and working intelligence.

Out of Time

Slow living involves the conscious negotiation of the different temporalities which make up our everyday lives, deriving from a commitment to occupy time more attentively. This article considers the significance of time in practices of slow living and the imbrication of time and speed in notions of ‘slowness’ where slowness is constructed as a deliberate subversion of the dominance of speed. By purposely adopting slowness, subjects seek to generate alternative practices of work and leisure, family and sociality. I will focus on the Slow Food movement as a significant manifestation of both the desire for and the implementation of slow living through a reconceptualization of time in everyday life.

The Companion to Hispanic Studies by Catherine Davies (review)

228 Reviews a case in point. In Spain, the old distinction between modernismoand noventayochismo has increasingly broken down, the latter being collapsed into the former and both being nowadays associated more and more with Modernism in the European and Anglo-Saxon sense of the word. Mary Lee Bretz's new book illustrates the process. Dismissing the notion of a Generation of 1898 as a product of Francoist criticism and ignoring attempts to define modernismo as a parallel but separate movement, she gathers under one critical umbrella practically all the writers active in the forty-year span her book covers and analyses the content of their major works on relatively new principles (for Spanish literature anyway) chieflyborrowed, as her bibliography shows, from recent non-Spanish discussions of Modernism and Modernity. The result avoids not only the distinction mentioned above, but also others, e.g. between late realism and the literature of the fin de siglo or between more and less canonical writers. Thus the late Galdos, Pardo Bazan, and to some extent Clarin, Palacio Valdes, Valera, and others appear as 'transitional or fully modernist writers' (p. 24), while at the same time Concha Espina, Dicenta, Blasco Ibanez, Carmen de Burgos, D'Ors, Pompeyo Gener, Llanas Aguilaniedo, the Martinez Sierras, Picon, and sundry others figure alongside Unamuno, Jimenez, Baroja, the Machados, Perez de Ayala, Ortega, Valle-Inclan, and the like. Ganivet is there, but oddly enough there is no reference to Pio Cid, despite its obvious importance. Bretz's aim is to assemble these authors, representative as they are of 'intricate, tangled forces that enter into play and evolve over time' (p. 69), and tease out a series of thematic strands in their work. These form a basis for 'a dialogic exchange between Spanish modernism and other national modernisms' (p. 20). What emerges is a series of standpoints for viewing the content of the work of the writers in question which tend to differfrom those we are used to. They are much nearer to those which we often think of as relevant to Modernist writers outside Spain. They include, forexample, a reconceptualization of time, the sense of a multifaceted, unstable, physical world, the notion of new modes of viewing reality,the development of new patterns of literary discourse, a differentview of gender relationships, lack of confidence in the stability ofthe self,doubts about truth statements in literary works, and the creation of new relationships between author, text, and reader. It seems extremely likely that approaches to the period of this kind are destined to elbow aside older ways of looking at the thematics of the writers Bretz deals with. Terms like casticismo, abulia, spiritual malaise, aestheticism vs. preoccupation with the national problem, europeizacion, and similar critical expressions inherited from the middle of the last century appear to be fading out of our vocabulary. The texts have not changed, but the questions critics are asking about them have. If the result is the replacement of older terms with newer ones which bring criticism offin de siglo and early twentieth-century Spanish literature more into line with evolving patterns of critical thought in the rest of Europe and in North America, I, for one, despite belonging to the Old Guard of critics of the '98, am not sorry to see the shift come about. University of Virginia, Charlottesville Donald Shaw The Companion to Hispanic Studies. Ed. by Catherine Davies. London: Arnold. 2002. viii+i98pp. ?14.99. ISBN 0-340-7629-8 (pbk). With the removal of languages from the core curriculum in schools, and the general public indifference towards learning about the languages and cultures of other coun? tries, anything which encourages engagement with other cultures is to be welcomed, and this volume is no exception. Catherine Davies' introduction states that 'the book MLRy 99.1, 2004 229 is designed to give you a relatively quick and easy entry into Hispanic Studies as it stands today' (p. 12), and the tenor of her chapter suggests that the target audience is sixth-formers contemplating enrolling for a degree in Spanish, or even younger students facing decisions on what subjects to take for A-level or its equivalent. This is an entirely laudable aim, and justifies...

Ideology of the family in nineteenth century Mormonism

Nineteenth century Mormon theology provided the beliefs for a coherent ideology of the family that 1) reconciled the contradiction between a perception of the inevitability of change and the desire for order and stability, and 2) legitimated the novel forms of kinship emerging among the Mormons. Following a reconceptualization of time, introduction of polygyny, and a novel practice of adoption, the family enjoyed a unique metaphysical status, shared only with ecclesia, as a structure that transcends the grave, and the marriage bond became a necessary condition for salvation (exaltation). Implications of this ideology for a conception of kinship that ultimately integrates the human species into one family are discussed. As an historical legacy, this nineteenth century ideology of the family provides insight into modern Mormon antagonism toward feminist and gay rights movements.