Recommendations For Russia Research Articles

Российская политика поворота на Восток: проблемы и риски

The article addresses the political and economic risks and prospects for the Russian policy of turning to the East, in the context of the new geopolitical situation that has taken shape by the autumn of 2022. The object of the study is the region of East Asia, where Russia possesses significant interests in the spheres of economy, politics and security. Among the risks for the Russian policy of turning to the East the authors mention the lack of experience of Russia’s involvement in the regionalization processes of East Asia, as well as the cautious attitude of certain Asian countries towards Russia as an external player in the region, associated with Russia’s image as a non-Asian country and the West-centric thinking of the Russian political elite. Another risk is an increasingly noticeable tilt in Russia’s Asian policy towards China, both in the economic and political-diplomatic spheres, which is most evident in the increasing dependence of Russian energy export on the Chinese gas markets. Such tilt endangers Russia’s status of a neutral power enjoying a special authority in the region as a country with considerable mediation potential not involved in any of the regional conflicts. Among the recommendations for Russia, the authors mention the necessity for the projects of “coupling” the Greater Eurasia with the infrastructure development in the Asia-Pacific countries, which should be devoid of an ideological commitment and should be based solely on pragmatic considerations. Besides, Russia needs to step up its diplomacy in the multilateral economic and political organizations of the region – the SCO, BRICS, RCEP, the East Asian Summit, as well as think over long-term plans for the development of relations with major Asian partners on bilateral tracks. Finally, it would be desirable to develop the “second track” dialogue with partner countries, both in bilateral and multilateral formats, which would provide a platform for a frank exchange of views against the background of insufficient level of the political contacts. In any case, it is necessary to pursue a meaningful and well-coordinated strategy in the East, based on an accurate understanding of national interests and the effective use of available resources.

Protection of Geographical Indications in International Trade: Prospects for Russia

Geographical indications (GIs) represent the intellectual property rights, which protection could play a significant role in the increasing regional and national trade. The paper reveals the impact of protected GIs on international trade and provides certain recommendations for Russia. There is an evident gap in the study of the GIs effect on the development of trade links, especially for Russian enterprises. The paper applies the gravity model of trade and tests three hypotheses, whether the more protected geographical indications both exporting and importing countries have, the higher the volume of export of GI protected goods going out of this particular country and whether the existence of a trade agreement with specific provisions on the GIs protection increases trade between its members. The findings support one hypothesis that the more protected GIs the exporting country has, the higher the volume of exports of GI protected goods. Based on this result, we analyse the current situation of the GIs protection in Russia and indicate the positive trends in development of the national legislation and modern challenges in the implementation of GIs protection for the national development. The federal and regional support as well as the changes in the business strategies could lead to an increase in the Russian competitiveness. GIs could encourage the brand origin and promote the Russian products on the foreign markets.

Концепция «устойчивой мобильности»: теория и практика

The article analyzes the theoretical foundations of the concept of sustainable mobility within the framework of its three key components. It shows that the problem of transport sustainability is holistic and interdisciplinary and is considered within environmental, urbanistic and transport approaches that complement each other and offer conceptually close solutions for modern urban development. The article discusses the main directions of sustainable mobility, laid down in strategic planning documents of foreign countries. The paper also provides examples of the implementation of the principles of sustainable mobility in the strategies of socio-economic development of Russia’s cities and regions developed by the authors. Population surveys conducted by the authors in Russian cities as part of the development of these strategic planning documents show that about 95% of the population prefer sustainable transport policy tools that have proven themselves useful in many cities around the world. The analysis concludes with the recommendations for Russia's transition to the «sustainable transport» paradigm.

Innovative Development of chinese Regions: Experience and Recommendations for Russia

Purpose: of the article is a parametric comparison of the features of the development of the regions of China and Russia for the possibility of using the Chinese experience in managing innovative development.Methods: comparison of the innovative potential of Russia and the PRC, as well as the possibilities of using the Chinese experience in the management of scientific, technical and innovative development in Russia was carried out using linear regression analysis and comparison of its indicators. Analysis and comparison were carried out using statistical data on innovative and economic development in statistical collections of Russia and China.Results: the article discusses the possibilities of using Chinese management experience in the development of the spheres of science, technology and higher education for the innovative and economic development of Russian regions. To a large extent, the experience of the PRC is already actively used in Russian state practice, while, in the context of Russia's economic difficulties in recent decades, it does not always work successfully. The work shows that the regions of the PRC are rapidly increasing their innovative activity in recent years, which contributes to the rapid growth of the well-being of their population. The number of regions-innovative and economic leaders is growing. Among all regions of Russia, only Moscow in level of innovational activity and GRP corresponds to the leading regions of China. The paper also shows that changes in the indicators of innovation activity of Russian regions have a relatively weak effect on their economic development.Conclusions and Relevance: it is recommended to carefully study the experience of the Chinese regions-innovation leaders and the Chinese innovation policy in general for application in Russia, as well as the development of Russian-Chinese innovation and scientific and technological cooperation.

The strategies for Russian higher education regionalization and internationalization

Today the education internationalization has become one of the economy sectors in the developed countries; the export potential of Russian education is still largely underutilized. Until now, domestic and foreign scientific literature lacks a comprehensive study of state policies pursued by national states to develop the internationalization and/or regionalization. The study of internationalization policies tends to focus on in-depth case studies across two to three countries. However, studies with a narrow geographic scope, although they provide valuable information about this phenomenon, do not allow us to see a holistic picture. The article attempted to overcome the indicated gaps in scientific research by analyzing the strategies of higher education regionalization and internationalization at countries that occupy a large market share and formulate recommendations for Russia. The article argued that in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the priority area for the internationalization is the development of virtual mobility and internal internationalization and regionalization.

РОССИЯ И КИТАЙ В ПРОТИВОДЕЙСТВИИ ТЕРРОРИЗМУ: ЭТАПЫ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА

The purpose of the article is to determine the main prerequisites for the development of Russian-Chinese anti-terrorist cooperation, to study the international treaty base that determines the priority areas of bilateral interaction, based on the dynamics of joint anti-terrorist activities, to propose a periodization of interaction between the two countries in the area under study. The research methodology is based on a systematic analysis of bilateral cooperation between Russia and China in countering terrorism. In the course of the study, the authors analyzed the treaty base within the framework of this topic, the UN reports on terrorism and the FATF recommendations for Russia and China. As a result, on the basis of the proposed periodization, it is demonstrated that Russian-Chinese bilateral cooperation in the fight against terrorism is of an applied systemic nature and is fine-tuned in the areas of holding consultative meetings, countering the financing of terrorist activities and organizing joint military exercises. The authors revealed that the problematic area of interaction is the exchange of operational information in the framework of terrorist financing, associated with the unwillingness of the Chinese side to provide relevant information at their disposal. In conclusion, it is proved that it is advisable to expand cooperation between Russia and China in the fight against international terrorism in the direction of countering non-standard challenges and threats to the information space, biological origin, chemical impact and environmental nature.

Современные теоретические и практические подходы к разработке и реализации политики развития: зарубежный опыт и рекомендации для России (Modern Theoretical and Practical Approaches to the Development and Implementation of Development Policies: Foreign Experience and Recommendations for Russia)

Russian Abstract: Зарубежная теория и практика реализации политик развития представляет интерес для Российской Федерации с точки зрения как положительных, так и отрицательных уроков. Анализ опубликованных в 2010-2018 гг. на английском языке научных исследований и официальных документов международных организаций, посвящённых политикам развития, даёт основания для выявления обобщённых моделей реализации таких политик, условий их осуществления и возможностей использования зарубежного опыта в России. English Abstract: Foreign theory and practice of implementing development policies is of interest to the Russian Federation in terms of both positive and negative lessons. An analysis of scientific studies published in 2010-2018 in English and official documents of international organizations devoted to development policies provides grounds for identifying generalized models for the implementation of such policies, the conditions for their implementation and the possibilities of using foreign experience in Russia.

The Rise of China's Political and Economic Influence in the Modern World: Pluralism of Opinions

The increasing political and economic influence of China on the international economic relations, whilst remaining the relative closeness of its economy and reluctance to provide reciprocal access to the national market, is becoming an important topic for discussion among Western and Russian researchers. The purpose of the study is to analyze the modern scientific view on growing influence of the PRC worldwide as a new political player, as well as to identify contradictions arising in the world economy. The methodological basis consists of general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and comparison methods, historical and logical approaches to the examined phenomena, which allow to identify contradictions and problems that Russia could face due to China's global economic expansion. The authors substantiate the need for Russian to use the experience of other country in protecting its national interests throw creating mechanisms for foreign investments screening, as those investment can have negative impact on the recipient economy and its integration partners. The article provides recommendations for Russia on how to develop the mutually beneficial and effective investment cooperation with China.

Administrative and organizational mechanisms for regulating the integration of migrants in Spain

The article analyzes different approaches to the policy of integration of migrants in Spain. The purpose of the article is: to show the experience of integration policy and intercultural dialogue in Spain and to determine the most effective methods for application in the Russian migration policy.The phenomenon of socio-cultural integration of immigrants and intercultural interaction through theoretical and methodological developments of domestic and foreign experts has been considered. Distinctions between the concepts of “adaptation of migrants” and “integration of migrants” have been made. Integration involves the next stage of inclusion after adaptation in the host community. A list of criteria for assessing the processes of integration of immigrants into the host society has been formed, three main groups of criteria have been defined: socio-economic, political, legal and socio-cultural. During the analysis, the author comes to conclusion, that the key direction of the policy of integration of migrants into the host community in Spain is economic integration, which implies the inclusion of migrants in labor relations and is supported by state structures as much as possible.The main directions and effectiveness of the integration policy of Spain have been analyzed. It has been concluded, that the effectiveness depends on the existence of a holistic system of interaction between the Central government, regional and municipal authorities and non-governmental organizations, which greatly simplifies the process of integration of migrants into Spanish society. The article widely uses the results of practical studies of the integration experience of Spain, official reports of the EU supranational bodies on the migration situation in this country, reports on the implementation of specific integration initiatives, as well as the analysis of expert assessments on this issue. The article analyzes the most effective methods of integration of the government of Spain and Spanish public organizations, based on which practical recommendations for Russia are proposed, taking into account the specifics of migration processes.

Independent environmental audit: General approaches and recommendations for Russia

Independent environmental audit: General approaches and recommendations for Russia

Serbia gains independence in 1878. Illusions and reality

Serbia became an independent state after the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878. Relations between the Russian Empire and the Serbian Principality deteriorated on the eve of the signing of the Treaty of Berlin. This was largely due to the personal position of the Serbian Prince Milan. Serbian leadership considered it impossible to support Russia in the event of a new war. For the Russian side, the unwillingness of the Serbian side to follow Russia's recommendations was unexpected. Serbian historiography has long argued that this position of Serbia was due to the infringement of Serbian national interests in the course of signing of the Treaty of San Stefano. Serbian territorial claims were not satisfied, and the creation of Greater Bulgaria seemed unfair to the Serbs. However, sources indicate that the rejection of consultations with Russia occurred not only for this reason. Prince Milan took a determined course for an Alliance with Austria-Hungary and a break-up with Russia. This is recognised by modern Serbian historiography. The departure from consultations with the Russian Empire and the rapprochement with the Habsburg monarchy largely determined the nature of Serbia's state-building, as well as its relations with neighbouring Balkan States. Serbia gained the status of an independent state, but at the same time became dependent on its Northern neighbour - Austria-Hungary.

The interdisciplinary Meeting of Experts’s Resolution «Unresolved Questions of Pertussis Epidemiology in the Russian Federation and the New Possibilities for Vaccination»

Key Russian experts representing applied medicine, scientific and educational organizations related to the vaccination hold the meeting on June 13 in Moscow. The main issue of the agenda was the discussion of the new approaches to vaccination of pertussis. It was noted that it is still a topical question for public health worldwide including Russia. The experts comprised the list of the unresolved questions related to pertussis surveillance and prevention. The most important fact is a continuing spread of pertussis due to the decrease of immune response 5–7 years after any type of pertussis vaccine, and a growing number of the people who have not suffered from pertussis before. Increase of pertussis incidence among one year old children as well as schoolchildren and adults attests for the circulation of pathogen and continuous spread of the disease. This makes necessary an introduction of additional pertussis vaccination boosters. The data of epidemiological surveillance in the countries which already introduced the second booster against pertussis for 4–7 year old children (more than 50 countries) shows essential epidemiological effect and decrease of pertussis incidence at the age from 4 to 10 years old, and has already demonstrated indirect protection for one year old children. The experts made final recommendations for Russia regarding the improvement of pertussis surveillance on regional and federal levels. Certain possible strategies of anti-pertussis vaccination were offered in accordance with the developing vaccines and technologies.

TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETITION AMONG THE ARCTIC COUNTRIES WITH THE CONSIDERATION OF CHALLENGES AND THREATS OF ARCTIC EXPLORATION (ON THE BASIS OF THE EU CORPORATIVE LEVEL)

Purpose:the purpose of the research is to study the current state of technological competition between the leading Arctic States, its impact on the Russian Federation, as well as to develop recommendations for Russia to take into account the future direction of relevant global and regional trends.Methods:the presented research was carried out on the basis of the ecosystem approach and comparative analysis of open sources, using the generally accepted theoretical methods of scientific knowledge.Results:the article defines the most significant European participants of the technological competition in the Arctic region (the Russian Federation, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, etc.) on the level of governments and corporations. The main objectives, tasks, plans, projects and scale of state and company technological competition in the Arctic is defined. The analysis of the importance of valuable international methodological experience of country technological capacity-building in the Arctic is carried out. The forecast is given to the forthcoming repartition of spheres of influence in the Arctic, the reasons of transformation of the global market taking into account nearest future market supply of new volumes of minerals from the European Arctic are shown. The analysis of historical and modern activity of Arctic participants, resources supply, new markets and their influence on the Russian Federation is carried out. Recommendations about consideration by the Russian Federation of future world and regional technological and other trends are offered.conclusions and Relevance:the analysis of the state of technological competition between the Arctic countries, as well as future plans for the development of the Arctic from their side, proves the forecast of active search of complex benefits from environmental changes in the Arctic. Considering the rapid change in the global environment at the transnational level, the growing technological vulnerability and isolation of Russia, it is necessary for the Russian Federation to take timely into account new opening trends in the development of the Arctic. In this sense, it is very important to maintain the pace of the Russian Federation's increasing its technological competence in the Arctic.

Development of renewable energy in China: Studying the experience and making recommendations for Russia

The article reviews a state policy of China, due to which the country has managed to develop the world’s largest sector of renewable energy sources (RES). Basic aspects of the formation and development of a comprehensive system of state support for the sector, i.e., the creation of scientific and technological advancement, stimulation of renewable energy equipment manufacturing, and support for RES electricity generation, are studied. Key programs implemented in specific stages are analyzed. Considerable attention is paid to the role and characteristics of foreign technology transfers. The dynamics of China’s RES sector and the results of its rapid growth with the active participation of the state are researched. On the basis of the analysis, it is concluded that, in general, China’s experience in development of RES is successful. Using the example of China, it is safe to say that, in the presence of a balanced state policy, a country is able to create in a decade a strong renewable energy equipment industry and to become a leader in the area of RES electricity generation. Specific features and main problems of the Russian RES sector are considered. On the basis of China’s experience, recommendations for improving the state policy in RES are made for Russia. According to the authors, first of all, a sharp increase in state support for scientific research and development (R&D), pilot and demonstration projects, recognition of RES as a part of the fuel and energy sector at all tiers of authority, guarantees of state support for RES in the long run, ensuring access to long-term funds, and the creation of state programs supporting households participation in the distributed power generation are needed.

International trade as a channel of influence of globalization on the economic development of participant countries of the Belt and road initiative

The paper is aimed to discuss the influence of promoting free-trade between countries participants of Belt and Road initiative. the globalization of world trade can facilitate growth, and to inhibit it. The latter is the case, if there is a fixing of specialization of developing countries in exporting raw materials. And this is a key challenge for Russia, in relation to participation in the OBOR initiative. Opportunities for mutual benefit and win-win cooperation in international trade within OBOR countries are discussed. The paper offers policy recommendations for Russia in the conditions of integration into the world economy in the framework of OBOR project.

Профилактика йододефицитных заболеваний у беременных и кормящих. Современные рекомендации по использованию йодида калия

A critical consequence of chronic iodine deficiency during fetal development and early childhood is a violation of intellectual development. The need and the order of iodine prophylaxis in pregnant and lactating women identified the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Council for Control of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD - ICCIDD). Pregnant and lactating women are referred to the absolute risk of developing IDD. WHO and ICCIDD recommend prescribe potassium iodide for women during pregnancy and breast-feeding, living in areas of iodine deficiency. Order № 50 of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation from 2007 identified essential drugs for women during pregnancy and the postpartum period, which also made the preparations of potassium iodide. Russia's recommendations on the level of iodine intake by pregnant and nursing women conform to WHO recommendations. Federal standards of care for pregnant women include prescription drugs, potassium iodide.

THE CURRENT STATE AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS OF WATER AND POWER PROBLEMS IS CENTRAL - THE ASIAN REGION

The article deals with a current situation of water problems of Central Asia. It is noted that problems in this sphere began in the thirties the 20th century. The author specifies that in long-term prospect the problem of water management in the Central Asian region will become aggravated because of high rates of an increase in population. It is spoken about contradictions between the states in the hydro-electric sphere, noted that the states of Central Asia, most likely, can't develop new approach to joint development of an energy potential of the region, and the mechanism of management of hydro-electric resources which would answer the political, economic and ecological goals of each state. It is said that now, each of the countries of the Central Asian region seeks to solve a water problem unilaterally, favorable only to it. The author defines the main contradiction that interests of the countries users water resources don't coincide. Some countries want to use water in an irrigational mode, others – in a power mode. As a result of it also there is a conflict situation. It is specified that in an irrigational mode water resources need to be spent in summer, and in a power operating mode the main water consumption is used in winter. It is noted in article that as in the territory of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan lands generally for agriculture are located, these countries being in lower reaches, are interested to use water resources in an irrigational mode. As for interests of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan located in highlands and having only limited reserves of oil and gas, they mostly use water in a power mode. The special attention in article is paid to hydroenergy resources of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan because these states possess their considerable stocks. Possible measures for stabilization of the situation for this problem are considered. On this basis some recommendations for Russia’s policy in this question are formulated.

Pondering the Politicization of Inter-Country Adoption: Russia's Ban on American 'Forever Families'

This Article explores and assesses the Russian discontinuance of inter-country adoptions to the United States. Part I describes the history of Russia-U.S. adoptions, up to and including the 2012 Adoption Ban. Part II sets forth international laws and principles relevant to Russia’s adoption laws and practices. Part III assesses Russia’s ban on adoptions to America, in light of domestic and international law and politics. It is argued that the Adoption Ban undoubtedly represents a largely politically-motivated response to the Magnitsky Act, and in this, it mirrors the politicization of inter-country adoption, generally. Russia has the prerogative to strive to meet her children’s best interests domestically, without resorting to inter-country adoption – there is no duty to partake in inter-country adoption – but the American-targeted Adoption Ban is a disproportionate and cumbersome means of achieving this. This subordination of the best interests of the child to state-centric political considerations is problematic, in terms of the short-term interests of Russian children currently in need of families. The Article concludes with recommendations for Russia’s child welfare system moving forward.

What's New in Legal Cooperation in Criminal Matters with Russia since 2004?

AbstractThe present article examines what has happened in Russia in the field of legal cooperation in criminal matters since 2004. The retrospective approach has been chosen in order to update the article published in this Review in 2004 which included several recommendations for Russia to improve its system for international cooperation. The current work subjects these recommendations and developments in the area to a critical review. Since 2004, there have been no major innovations in Russian legislation regarding legal cooperation in criminal matters. Interestingly enough, Russia took a misstep, when it abolished the concept of confiscation in criminal law. The resolution of this experiment indicates that there has been some degree of improvement in the procedure concerning implementation of new treaties. As regards extradition cases, several difficulties were foreseen already in 2004 and, indeed, some of them have been realized—in particular, concerning those Russian requests for extradition that have political connotations. When it comes to institutional structures, the number of "Central Authorities" has not been reduced. The system is still highly centralized in Moscow. On the basis of the author's experience, the knowledge of international treaties and their application—to some extent—has increased among Russian practitioners. The author suggests continuing cooperation with Russia in various international fora as well as on a daily basis in handling concrete cross-border cases. In her opinion, legal assistance in criminal matters is a fairly narrow field of expertise and, therefore, a challenging "form of art" for any person involved.

Determination of the Level of Superstructure Bottom of Oil-and-Gas Field Hydrotechnical Facilities

An important problem in designing sea oil-and-gas field hydrotechnical structures is the assignment of the level of the bottom of superstructure. Overestimation of this parameter leads to unwarranted expenses, whereas underestimation results in undesirable situations in the period of storms, when wind-induced waves produce a force effect on the superstructure in the form of vertical and horizontal components of the wave load. In winter too little distance between the maximum design water level and the bottom of the deck can lead to direct action on the deck of fragments of even ice fields piling in front of the bearing part of the structure. The intensity of the piling depends on the width of the bearing part and on the water depth at the site. In Russia recommendations on the assignment of the level of the bottom of superstructure of ice-resistant platforms were formulated for the first time in the VSN 41.88 departmental standard [1]. The dependence used for the calculation has been derived under the assumption that at the highest annual sea level of 0.1% frequency in the region of future construction the maximum height of wave crest of 0.1% frequency in the system of design storm at a cylindrical obstruction with structural clearance 0.1h should not touch the bottom of the deck of the designed structure (Fig. 1). In accordance with this standard the level of the bottom of superstructure of an ice-resistant platform is determined from design dependence