Reciprocal Power Research Articles

Estimation of cost reduction by tolerance optimization

Tolerance allocation is a design task with a strong potential impact on manufacturing choices. In practice, however, it is often carried out with simple heuristics rather than with an optimization approach like those available in research literature. One reason could be the difficulty in predicting the economic benefits resulting from optimization. To allow for such considerations, the paper proposes a procedure to estimate the cost reduction that optimization allows compared to three traditional allocation methods (equal tolerances, precision factor, proportional to nominal). The chosen optimization method is based on the closed-form solution of a problem of cost minimization with a stackup constraint, using the extended reciprocal power cost-tolerance function. Compared to other methods, it provides analytical expressions of both the allocated tolerances and the associated costs. When applied to specific cases, these help recognize the conditions in which optimization allows a significant reduction in manufacturing costs. The results show that this occurs when the features of the same dimension chain have very different properties regarding a set of design variables with particular influence on the amount of machining required.

How does geopolitical risk affect clean energy generation? Daily evidence from five highly Russia-reliant European countries

Europe has recently experienced an energy crisis that began with the war between Russia and Ukraine and continued with reciprocal sanctions and power cuts, increasing geopolitical tensions and risks. In such an environment, European countries must decide how to replace energy imports from Russia. As the best option may be to rely on clean energy, this study explores how geopolitical risk (GPR) affects clean electricity generation (i.e., hydro, solar, wind, & nuclear) in five European countries (i.e., Bulgaria, Czechia, Germany, Romania, and Switzerland), which have a high dependency on Russia. The study therefore uses daily data between January 2, 2019 and January 29, 2024 and applies a set of nonlinear methods (i.e., wavelet coherence, quantile-on-quantile regression, Granger causality in quantiles, and quantile regression). The results show that (i) there is a strong dependence of GPR on renewable and nuclear electricity generation over different times, frequencies, and countries; (ii) GPR stimulates hydro electricity generation at higher quantiles across countries except the Czechia; (iii) GPR increases solar electricity generation at higher quantiles in all countries except the Czechia and Switzerland; (iv) GPR mainly stimulates wind electricity generation at higher quantiles, except for Bulgaria and Switzerland; (v) GPR is almost inefficient in nuclear electricity generation. Overall, the study clearly shows the supportive effect of the GPR in promoting renewables, while this is not the case for nuclear energy. Therefore, European countries can rely on renewables as the best alternative against energy blackouts in the short term, considering the varying effect based on time, frequency, quantile, country, and clean energy sources.

What explains collective action: The impact of social capital, incentive structures and economic benefits

AbstractThis study focuses in testing the power of reciprocity and leadership as collective action incentive structures and cooperation economic benefits in explaining collective action initiation in the context of a post‐communist transition economy. The paper is based on a structured survey targeting Albanian export‐oriented farmers. Different from most previous studies, this paper uses both regression analysis and machine learning procedure which is better suited for analysing non‐linear relationships. The empirical findings are at odds with common sense that non‐cooperation is the dominant strategy, because the presence of tolerant reciprocators and leadership resources provide promising incentive structures for collective action development.

The Reciprocal Power of Equitable, Intergenerational Learning: Exploring Perspectives of Undergraduate Students about Engaging in a University–Community Partnership Program

Our qualitative study is a deep exploration into the underexamined notion of engagement with respect to undergraduate students who took up the role of co-researchers within an afterschool program designed to engage young students about environmental issues and sustainability practices. This research program is based on a community-based literacies framework that addresses all members (program leaders, graduate students, undergraduate students, and young students) as co-learners. This study explores the largely unknown experiences of undergraduate students in informal learning contexts, which broadly center youth experiences. We took a critically framed approach (i.e., mindful of institutionalized inequities–known as a kind of silencing—for traditionally marginalized populations) in our analysis of interview responses from 11 undergraduate students involved in an afterschool environmental program for young students living in a Latinx neighborhood in central California. Our analysis involved a two-phase process that began with a general thematic exploration of transcribed interviews followed by in-depth, microlevel transcription of salient instances regarding community engagement. Responses suggest that the community-based context enabled a deep engagement founded on shared cultural practices, life experiences, and engaging in disciplinary projects (e.g., building and planting an edible garden). This study is a contribution to the long-needed insights into the importance of community engagement and leadership experiences during undergraduate learning, particularly for traditionally marginalized students. Findings may be informative to educators and researchers striving to transform college experiences for diverse student populations.

Symbolic DIY environmentalism between sustainability statements and green pressure

This article argues that environmental sustainability statements do not constitute a one-dimensional service but encapsulate a reciprocal power relation between producers and consumers’ expectations for continuously improving sustainability standards. Drawing on Bowen's investigation of post-greenwashing assessments of corporate environmentalism, I will frame these expectations as ‘green pressure’. As there is currently no substantial research on the complex connection between Do-it-yourself (DIY) cultural production, environmentalism and green pressure, the primary concern of this article is to demonstrate the necessity for an analytical framework that grasps the symbolic characteristics of environmental practices in DIY-based alternative leisure and production circuits.

Scattering Matrix of a Reciprocal, Lossless, and Symmetrical Three-Port Power Divider

This letter provides the analytical expression of the scattering matrix of an arbitrary loss-less reciprocal three-port junction with a plane of symmetry. The 3 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 3 matrix is given in terms of two arbitrary real angles, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vartheta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varphi $ </tex-math></inline-formula> . Experimental evidence of this fact is also included.

When Government Is Not the Solution: The Role of Community Organizations in Outreach

Trust between government entities and the public is critical; without it, communities become paralyzed in their ability to act collectively and for the greater good. Establishing and maintaining this trust, however, can be difficult. The outreach and coproduction performed by the coalition of organizations described in this article provide examples of how to address several interrelated problems of public distrust in the government. When viewed in their proper light, these examples enrich the theoretical understanding of contract failure theory. Rather than take advantage of their advantages in power, governments increasingly leverage the power of reciprocity to accomplish their goals by relying on preexisting community trust in nonprofits. Self-interest well understood is a critical component of this reciprocal relationship: it works best when government secures resources, funding, and access to policy processes, in return for nonprofit resources such as service delivery, political support, buy-in, and legitimacy. In this indirect way, nonprofit coproduction can help to foster perceptions of legitimacy and trust in government.

An application of AR in cosmetological industry after coronavirus disease-19 pandemic.

The consumption pattern in the beauty Industry has been changed due to the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) crisis. As hygiene issues were raised, non-face-to-face communication was emphasized, and within this framework, the use of augmented reality (AR) emerged as one of the hottest topics in the industry. To check the usefulness of AR in the beauty Industry by systematically examining quantitative research which in turn verifies empirically the effectiveness of AR. A total of eight quantitative studies that verified the effect of AR in the cosmetic field were identified, and the contents of the studies were analyzed using PRISMA flow diagram. Sub-elements of reciprocity and expressive power for AR showed that they stimulate individual emotions and encourage purchase. In the current beauty Industry dominated by non-face-to-face interactions, AR was evaluated as an appropriate means to respond to changes in the market.

A thermal characterization of the flame quenching behavior of different fuels

The study of flame quenching for different fuels is of great scientific importance to estimate the efficiency of a combustion process inside an enclosed environment. Therefore, laminar head-on flame quenching was studied in a closed vessel for several fuels via heat flux measurements. The investigated fuels were methane, propane, propene, ethanol, ethene, n-butane, and 2-butanone at different pressures (0.94–3.59 bar). First, a literature formulation for the derivation of the quenching distance by the maximum heat flux was reviewed for its applicability to methane and propane. It was found that the formulation showed an incorrect trend between methane and propane compared to previous optical investigations. Subsequently, an alternative method was developed that could correctly reflect the quenching trends of methane and propane. This method is based on characteristic points of the flame temperature profile of a freely propagating flame and the measured wall heat flux. The theoretical considerations of this method were based on a transient 1-D CFD simulation with the KICK solver. Afterward, the method was applied to the measured heat flux data. The results indicated that most of the investigated fuels have a fairly similar quenching behavior, whereas methane has exceptionally large and ethene particularly small quenching distances. In addition, it was shown that lean combustion has the most drastic impact on the quenching distance, e.g. an increase of 79% at 3.1 bar for propane at an equivalence ratio of 0.7 compared to the stoichiometric case. Finally, a linear correlation between the reciprocal flame power and the quenching distance was found, which can be used to estimate the quenching behavior of fuels.

Study of brine-halite phase separation through optical constringence and molecular dynamics.

This work presents a study of the reciprocal dispersive power, also known as constringence or Abbe number of an aqueous solution of NaCl in a wide range of concentrations. The constringence exhibited a distinct behavior in the region close to the phase transition between a phase containing exclusively brine and a phase containing brine+halite. Molecular dynamics simulations of this system indicated the existence of halite formation below the known saturation curve, which agreed with the experimental measurements, indicating a crystal growth in the unsaturated region.

Determining the form of leadership that best ‘fits’ for practice in youth mentoring

There has been a lot of literature and study on youth mentoring. However, little has been found in the literature that explains the form of leadership model that is being practiced in a mentoring relationship. Moreover, this is a complex issue since mentoring takes place in many settings, and in the partnering relationship. A mentor also plays a variety of roles, and that there is reciprocal influences and power suggesting that leadership is at play and practiced by both parties. This paper therefore explores, examines, and discusses the forms of leadership that could best ‘fit’ in a youth mentoring programme. This will also include literature on mentoring and its practices in the youth, its non-formal learning context, a variety of several leadership concepts and theories; discussed those literature and determine the leadership practices that best fit this context of youth leadership. The findings had suggested a ‘bottom-up multidimensional’ approach to leadership employing various leadership concepts and models. This can then serve to be a generic model for practice, as well as for further study to establish a leadership model for different settings, such as in the context of youth learning mentorship programme that can contribute to positive youth change.

Digital influencers, social power and consumer engagement in social commerce

PurposeSocial commerce platforms are prevalent in the explosion of social media and e-commerce, and they enable conversations across a broad range of topics. However, their success depends on consumers' willingness to invest their time, attention and money. Digital influencers have shown prominent effects on consumers in those social commerce platforms. This study, thus, aims to attempt to unravel the role of digital influencers in affecting consumer engagement and purchase behaviour in online social commerce communities.Design/methodology/approachA mixed approach with a field interview, an online survey and secondary archive data are presented to confirm all the hypotheses.FindingsSeveral forms of social power from digital influencers (including expert power, informational power, referent power and legitimate reciprocity power) could influence consumer engagement behaviours (including content participation and content creation). Moreover, the two types of consumer engagement behaviours could further influence consumer purchase likelihood in the social commerce community.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral forms of social power from digital influencers (including expert power, informational power, referent power and legitimate reciprocity power) could affect consumer engagement behaviours (including content participation and content creation). Moreover, the two types of consumer engagement behaviours could further affect consumer's purchase expenditure in the social commerce community.Originality/valueThis study draws on the theories of social power and social influence and integrates the literature on consumer engagement to explain how digital influencers affect consumer engagement and their purchase behaviour in an online social commerce community. Firstly, this work extends existing studies on the antecedents of consumer engagement in the social commerce communities by considering the role of digital influencers. Secondly, this research advances the theoretical understanding of the influence of digital influencers through a new lens of social power. The findings also contribute to community managers, users who pursue popularity and companies who target business goals.

An extended form of the reciprocal-power function for tolerance allocation

The optimization of dimensional tolerances requires that a cost-tolerance function is evaluated consistently for all the part features involved in a given functional requirement. This is difficult because the parameters of commonly used functions are set using cost data from various sources and on possibly different scales. As an alternative, the paper proposes a revised form of one of the available cost-tolerance functions (reciprocal power), which expresses its parameters in empirical relationship with a set of design specifications on the toleranced features. These include the nominal dimension, the shape, the surface area, and the material. Following a previous study based on cost data available in literature, the values and expressions of the parameters are validated and refined using a feature-based method for the estimation of machining cost. The properties of the extended function allow to develop a simplified method for tolerance allocation that avoids the task of solving the optimization problem; it is a modified version of proportional scaling where the initial solution satisfies optimal ratios between tolerances. The discussion of the results and an application example help to justify the proposed function on grounds of correctness, convenience, and reference value.

Quantifying test-retest reliability of repeated objective attentional measures in Lewy body dementia

Objective cognitive impairment is a feature of Lewy body dementia (LBD), and computerised attentional tasks are commonly used as outcome measures in interventional trials. However, the reliability of these measures, in the absence of interventions, are unknown. This study examined the reliability of these attentional measures at short-term and longer-term follow-up stages. LBD patients (n = 36) completed computerised attentional tasks [simple and choice reaction time, and digit vigilance (SRT, CRT, DV)] at short-term (Day 0–Day 5) and longer-term (4 and 12 weeks) follow-up. Intra-class correlations (ICCs) were calculated to assess test–retest reliability. At short-term, the reciprocal SRT, CRT and DV mean reaction time to correct answers, the reciprocal DV coefficient of variation, and reciprocal power of attention (PoA) all showed excellent levels of reliability (all ICCs > 0.90). The reciprocal PoA showed the highest level of reliability (ICC = 0.978). At longer-term follow-up, only the reciprocal PoA had excellent levels of reliability (ICC = 0.927). Reciprocal SRT, CRT and DV reaction time to correct answers, and the CRT coefficient of variation values, showed good levels of test–retest reliability (ICCs ≥ 0.85). Contrary to expectations, most attentional measures demonstrated high levels of test–retest reliability at both short-term and longer-term follow-up time points. The reciprocal PoA composite measure demonstrated excellent levels of test–retest reliability, both in the short-term and long-term. This indicates that objective attentional tasks are suitable outcome measures in LBD studies and that the composite PoA measure may offer the highest levels of reliability.

Crafting a Business Mindset: A Theoretical Model Identifying Influencers of Professional Reciprocity

The study of reciprocity within inter-organizational exchanges has been a widely investigated subject matter since the concept was first declared a universal personal norm by Gouldner (1960). In business practice, many networking organizations thrive on creating an environment where professionals can pass leads, referrals, and clients to one another for mutual gain (BNI, 2017). Though the power of professional reciprocity is actualized in industry, this study seeks to identify specific factors that influence a professional’s sentiment of reciprocity. This quantitative research investigates influencers both on the positive (rewarding) and negative (punishing) sides of the reciprocity spectrum. Study findings identified that industry type, professional experience, and gender act as factors that directly act as influencers of negative reciprocity. In contrast, a professional's education level is shown to influence positive reciprocity directly. These findings have aided in creating the Reciprocal Influencers Model and posits that professional reciprocity should also be considered a universal business norm.

Introducing water-redispersible powderable acrylic adhesives using Persian gum

Persian gum (PG), as a recently-highlighted carbohydrate natural polymer, was introduced both as a powder adhesive in its pristine form, and as a water-redispersing agent for water-incompatible acrylic adhesives. Blends of PG and poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) containing 30 wt. % methyl methacrylate (MBC) were molecularly incompatible at PG contents below 50 wt. % due to the large difference in their Hildebrand solubility parameters (calculated to be 37.49 and 19.71 J1/2/cm3/2 for PG and MBC, respectively). However, further increase in the PG content evolved the system toward miscibility through intensified intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Addition of PG to MBC at compositions of more than 50 wt. % PG also provided it with powderability. Swelling of slabs of the blends in water followed a pseudo-Fickian mechanism and the equilibrium swelling ratio of the blends was a reciprocal power function of ternary interaction parameter (χ1(23)). Furthermore, increase in the PG content from 0 to 90 wt. % improved the adhesion strength of the blend adhesives. Ultimately, the blend containing 90 wt. % PG presented 52 times and 34 times enhancement in the adhesion strength to fabric and wood substrates compared to the pristine acrylic adhesive, respectively.

Reciprocity and symmetric power functoriality

Reciprocity and symmetric power functoriality

Power series of several variables with condition of logarithmical convexity

We obtain a new version of Hardy theorem about power series of several variables reciprocal to the power series with positive coefficients. We prove that if the sequence {as} = as1,s2,...,sn, ||s|| ≥ K satisfies condition of logarithmically convexity and the first coefficient a0 is sufficiently large then reciprocal power series has only negative coefficients {bs} = bs1,s2,...,sn, except b0,0,...,0 for any K. The classical Hardy theorem corresponds to the case K = 0, n = 1. Such results are useful in Nevanlinna - Pick theory. For example, if function k(x, y) can be represented as power series Σn≥0 an(x-y)n, an &gt; 0, and reciprocal function 1/k(x,y) can be represented as power series Σn≥0 bn(x-y)n such that bn &lt; 0, n &gt; 0, then k(x, y) is a reproducing kernel function for some Hilbert space of analytic functions in the unit disc D with Nevanlinna-Pick property. The reproducing kernel 1/1-x-y of the classical Hardy space H2(D) is a prime example for our theorems.

Modular Stabilities of a Reciprocal Second Power Functional Equation

In the present work, we propose a dierent reciprocal second power Functional Equation (FE) which involves the arguments of functions in rational form and determine its stabilities in the setting of modular spaces with and without using Fatou property. We also prove the stabilities in beta-homogenous spaces. As an application, we associate this equation with the electrostatic forces of attraction between unit charges in various cases using Coloumb's law.

Concurrent optimization of dimensions and tolerances on structures and mechanisms

The paper deals with a problem of robust optimization of mechanical assemblies, which combines the allocation of tolerances with the selection of dimensional parameters. The two tasks are carried out together with the aim of minimizing the manufacturing cost and the variation on an assembly-level functional characteristic. The problem is addressed in the specific context of planar linkages used in structures and mechanisms. The proposed solution is based on an optimality condition involving both tolerances and dimensions, which allows to define a joint optimization problem avoiding the need of two sequential optimization phases. The condition is developed with the method of Lagrange multipliers using an expanded formulation of the reciprocal power cost-tolerance function. The optimal tolerances depend on the stackup coefficients of the output characteristic, which are calculated with a tolerance analysis method based on a static analogy. The procedure is demonstrated on two examples to illustrate some application details and discuss potential advantages and limitations.