Reciproc Blue Files Research Articles

Influence of the Brushing Motions on the Dynamic Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of the Reciproc Blue Instrument: In vitro Study

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc Blue files subjected to brushing motion. MethodsTwenty Reciproc Blue files (R25, VDW, Munich, Germany) were employed for chemical-mechanical preparation in root canals of 3D printed replicas of mandibular molars. The instruments were divided into two groups (n = 10): Group brushing motion, instrumentation with brushing motions; Group without brushing motion , instrumentation without brushing motions. Subsequently, the same instruments underwent cyclic fatigue testing using artificial canals consisting of a stainless-steel plate and an apical segment with a 45° curvature. Data regarding the time to fracture, number of cycles to fracture, and length of the fractured fragment were collected and subjected to statistical analysis using the t-test or Mann-Whitney test, with a significance level of 5%. Additionally, the fractured fragments were examined under a scanning electron microscope. ResultsNo statistical differences were observed between the groups in terms of time to fracture (P < .05), number of cycles to fracture (P < .05) and length of the fractured fragment (P < .05). ConclusionThe brushing motion did not affect the dynamic cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc Blue files.

Comparison of the effectiveness of the endodontic treatment using Reciproc Blue instrument with or without glide path preparation

Background: To overcome file fracture due to torsional stress and cyclic fatigue during root canal preparation, the Reciproc Blue endodontic file system with reciprocating motion helps to shape the canal with only one instrument. Objective: To compare the time of root canal shaping and the results of endodontic treatment of first molars with Reciproc Blue files with and without glide path preparation. Materials and Methods: A controlled clinical trial on 78 first molars with irreversible pulpitis in patients visiting Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from July 2020 to October 2022. Group 1 and Group 2 (n = 36 each) were respectively prepared with a Reciproc Blue file with and without a glide path preparation. Comparison of preparation time and treatment outcome based on clinical and radiographic characteristics at 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months. Results: Endodontic treatment using Reciproc Blue file without glide path preparation recorded a shorter time consumption (p &lt; 0.05) and no complications. However, the treatment results after 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months were not different between the two groups regards to glide path preparation (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Shaping root canals with Reciproc Blue without creating a glide path reduces shaping time, simplifies the procedure, and does not adversely affect treatment outcomes compared to the group with glide path creation. Key words: First molar, glide path, Reciproc Blue, root canal preparation.

Fracture incidence of waveone gold and reciproc blue files when used in up to three clinical cases: a prospective study

Objective: Reuse of endodontic files remains an open issue in clinical practice. This study was designed to evaluate the fracture strength of WaveOne Gold (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Germany) files with successive reuse for root canal shaping in up to three molars. Material and Methods: Prospective clinical study carried out by five calibrated endodontists who treated 384 molars (1291 canals) with a curvature &lt;45° over a 12-month period. A total of 128 instruments were used (64 Reciproc Blue and 64 WaveOne Gold). Each instrument was used to treat three posterior teeth. After each use, the instruments were observed under an operating microscope at 8× magnification. Data were tabulated and a chi-square test was applied. Significance was accepted at the 5% level. Results: Two instruments (one from each group) separated, both on the third use and during instrumentation of a mandibular first molar. In other words, instrument separation occurred in 0.52% of teeth and 0.16% of treated root canals. Conclusions: There was a low incidence of instrument fracture when reciprocating files were used for up to three endodontic treatments in molars.

Analysis of apical extrusion of debris using one curve, Confi Taper, Trushape® 3D conforming and reciproc blue files

Aim: To evaluate and compare apical extrusion of debris using One Curve, Confi Taper, TRUShape®3D Conforming and Reciproc Blue file systems. Methods: 60 extracted single rooted mandibular premolar human teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=15). Premolars were instrumented using one of the following instruments ONE CURVE, CONFI TAPER, TRUShape® 3D CONFORMING AND RECIPROC BLUE FILES. Pre-weighted Eppendorf tubes were used to collect the apically extruded debris during instrumentation. Then the amount of debris collected was calculated by subtracting the weight of the Eppendorf tube before and after preparation. Then the data was analysed using Kruskal wallis test. At 0.5 significant level. Results: Some amount of debris extrusion was found with all the instruments from the apex. Highest amount of apical extrusion of debris was found in Reciproc Blue followed by Trueshape 3D Conforming, Confi Taper and least apical extrusion seen in One Curve. Conclusions: Under the limitations of this in-vitro study, the amount of apically extruded debris measured for the used instruments was REC Blue&gt; Trueshape® 3D Conforming&gt;ConfiTaper&gt; One Curve.

Comparison of Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Novel TruNatomy Files with Conventional Endodontic Files: An In Vitro SEM Study

To compare and analyze the cyclic fatigue resistance of novel TruNatomy files against the conventionally used rotary files and reciprocating files in a simulated canal system with curvatures in the middle, apical portions root, and S-shaped canal employing scanning electron microscopy. Endodontic files tested in the study include ProTaper, HyFlex EDM, Reciproc blue, and TruNatomy files operated in a simulated root canal system. A total of 96 files were employed in this study. They were categorized into four groups. Group 1 employed 24 TruNatomy files, group 2 employed 24 ProTaper gold files, group 3 employed 24 HyFlex EDM files, and group 4 employed 24 Reciproc blue files. All the groups employed eight files each under three subgroups namely A, B, and C representing middle, apical, and double curvatures, respectively. Artificial grooves were incorporated in the stainless steel blocks having three different curvatures. All the file systems were operated with a torque-controlled electric motor. The files were engaged in the artificial canal until the occurrence of fracture. The time required for the fracture was noted. Length of fractured tip was measured using the digital Vernier caliper. The number of cycles of failure (NCF) was calculated. The fractured parts were subjected to scanning electron microscope to analyze the mode of fracture. TruNatomy files had the highest mean NCF values of 588.01 in middle curvature, 1,321 in apical curvature, and 642.5 in S-shaped curvature HyFlex EDM and Reciproc blue file system exhibited comparable cyclic fatigue resistance among them. ProTaper gold file system exhibited least mean NCF values of 158.13 in the middle, 196.5 in the apical curvature, and 116.88 in the S-shaped canal system. Middle portion fractured first than the apical curvature. The mean length of fractured segments was found to be insignificant among the experimental study groups tested. All the file systems employed in the study had good cyclic fatigue resistance while TruNatomy files had the highest cyclic fatigue resistance while HyFlex EDM and Reciproc blue had comparable fatigue resistance. ProTaper gold file system had the least fatigue resistance at different radius of curvature in the simulated canal system in the apical and middle portions and S-shaped root canal. The selection of file systems in cleaning and shaping protocols is an enigma to the endodontics. This in vitro study explored the selection protocols for the execution of root canal preparation. Heat treatment of nickel-titanium (NiTi) endodontic files had improved the cyclic fatigue résistance significantly enhancing the clinical life of file systems.

Shaping ability of four single-file systems in the instrumentation of second mesiobuccal canals of three-dimensional printed maxillary first molars.

BackgroundThis study evaluated and compared the shaping ability of four advanced single-file nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems during the preparation of curved second mesiobuccal (MB2) canals in maxillary first molar replicas fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) printing via micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) imaging.MethodsA total of 60 3D-printed maxillary first molar replicas were constructed from one extracted tooth, with an angle of curvature ranging from 15° to 25°. The MB2 canals from these 60 replicas were divided into 4 groups of 15 replicas according to the canal instrumentation system used, namely, Waveone gold (WOG), Reciproc blue (RCB), XP-endo shaper (XPS) and M3-L. The specimens were scanned before and after preparation using Micro-CT. The pre- and post-instrumentation images of each specimen were superimposed, and the amount of resin removed, the change in surface area, the canal transportation, and centering ability were assessed using the Mimics software. Instrumentation time was also recorded. One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD) tests were used to statistically compare the groups. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsInstrumentation time with M3-L was significantly longer than the other systems (P<0.05). The amount of resin removed and the change in surface area generated by the 4 systems were different at the apical, middle, and coronal thirds, and the total canal (P<0.05). Overall, WOG and XPS resulted in the less change than RCB and M3-L. There was no significant difference among the groups at the middle third regarding canal transportation and centering ability (P>0.05). However, a significant difference was found at the apical level (P<0.05), where RCB showed the poorest centering ability and the highest canal transportation (P<0.05). In addition, XPS resulted in the least canal transportation (P<0.05) at the coronal level, while there was no significant difference between the four groups in terms of centering ability.ConclusionsThe M3-L instrument required more time to prepare the curved MB2 canals compared with the other systems. Overall, WOG and XPS showed the least resin removal and surface area change. M3-L, XPS, and WOG instruments respected the original canal curvature better than RCB files.

Comparison of cyclic fatigue resistance of heat-treated nickel-titanium reciprocating instruments at the intracanal temperature

Background/Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi files running with reciprocal motion and having different characteristics (RPC Blue, WOG, EndoArt Wise Reciproc Gold, EndoArt Wise Reciproc Blue) at the intracanal temperature (35°C) by using NaOCl irrigation solution. Material and Methods: Totally 60 WaveOne GOLD (Dentsply-Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Germany), EndoArt Wise Reciproc Gold, and EndoArt Wise Blue (Inci Dental Productions Co, Istanbul, Turkey) (n= 15) files were used. Each of the rotary files were tested at the intracanal temperature (35°C) using a dynamic model in a stainless-steel artificial canal with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, 60° angle of curvature, and 2mm radius of curvature until fracture occurred. The device automatically stopped at the moment of fracture and the number of cycles to the fracture was calculated as per second. The lengths of fractured parts were measured using a digital microcaliper. The One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's posthoc tests were used for intergroup comparisons. Results: In 2 mm Radius of curvature, the EndoArt Wise Reciproc Blue group had a significantly higher time to fracture followed by the EndoArt Wise Reciproc Gold, Resiproc Blue, WaveOne Gold. No significant difference was found between EndoArt Wise Reciproc Gold and Resiproc Blue groups (P&gt;0.05). Among the groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the lengths of fractured parts of the instruments (P&gt; 0.05). Conclusions: EndoArt Wise Reciproc Blue files exhibited significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance compared with other files tested in a 2-mm radius of curvature and a 600 angle in an artificial canal at the intracanal temperature.

Does the type of endodontic access influence in the cyclic fatigue resistance of reciprocating instruments?

The aim of the present study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc R25 (R25) and Reciproc Blue R25 (R25B) instruments, after simulated clinical use in traditional (TradAC) and ultraconservative (UltraAC) endodonticaccess cavities. Forty mandibular molars were randomly assigned into the following groups, according to the type of access and instrument to be used: TradAC and R25, TradAC and R25B, UltraAC and R25, and UltraAC and R25B. Teeth were accessed accordingly, and the root canals were prepared using "RECIPROC ALL" kinematics. The cyclic fatigue resistance of the forty used instruments was obtained measuring the time to fracture in an artificial stainless-steel canal. Ten brand new R25 and R25B were used as control groups. The fracture surfaces and the side cutting edges of the instruments were examined with a scanning electron microscope. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests with a significance level of P < 0.05. R25B instruments showed significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance than R25, regardless of the access cavity type (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in the cyclic fatigue resistance between instruments without simulated clinical use and used in TradAC (P > 0.05). R25 and R25B used in UltraAC showed significantly lower cyclic fatigue resistance compared with the instruments used in TradAC and without simulated clinical use (P < 0.05). R25B files showed improved cyclic fatigue resistance than R25. The use of R25B and R25 files in mandibular molars with UltraACs decreased their cyclic fatigue resistance, compared with TradAC. The use of Reciproc and Reciproc Blue files in mandibular molars with ultra-conservative endodontic accesscavities reduced their cyclic fatigue resistance. Clinicians should be aware about the reduced cyclic fatigue resistance of these files when used in mandibular molars with UltraAC, due to the synergistic effect of access angulation and severe curvature induced in the endodontic files.

Torsional behaviour of Reciproc and Reciproc blue instruments associated with their martensitic transformation temperatures.

To compare the martensitic transformation temperatures and torsional resistance behaviour of classic M-Wire Reciproc and Reciproc blue files (VDW, Munich, Germany). M-Wire classic Reciproc R25 and Reciproc blue R25 instruments were used. Transformation temperatures were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC-DSC 60, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Three samples with approximately 20mg of each system were cooled to -120°C and then heated to 100°C and then cooled to -100°C at a rate of 10°Cmin-1 . The maximum torque values and angular deflection until fracture of new instruments (n=10) were measured according to ISO 3630-1. Results were analysed statistically using the Student's t-test at a significance level of P<0.05. DSC results revealed the absence of martensitic transformation for Reciproc instruments in the temperature range analysed. In both systems, the instruments were composed of a mixture of R-phase and austenite at room temperature. After torsional tests, Reciproc blue had significantly lower values for mean maximum torque at rupture (P<0.05), although the angular deflection values were significantly higher than the Reciproc classic group (P<0.05). Both Reciproc and Reciproc blue instruments were composed of a mixture of R-phase and austenite. Reciproc Blue instruments had a greater angle of rotation to fracture but a lower torque to failure than M-Wire Reciproc instruments.

Surface nanoscale profile of WaveOne, WaveOne Gold, Reciproc, and Reciproc blue, before and after root canal preparation.

This study aimed to compare the surface topographies and nanoscale profiles of intact and used WaveOne, WaveOne Gold, Reciproc, and Reciproc blue nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments. Sixteen NiTi instruments were evaluated; four from each one of WaveOne (25/0.08), WaveOne Gold (25/0.07), Reciproc (25/0.08), and Reciproc blue (25/0.08) files. Each instrument was used to prepare four curved canals. A three-dimensional nanoscale surface profiler was used to assess instrument surfaces before and after root canal instrumentation. The data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance using SPSS 21.0 software and set significance at P < 0.05. There were significant differences in surface topography between NiTi instruments. Intact WaveOne and WaveOne Gold instruments had the highest values, followed by the Reciproc and Reciproc blue instruments (P < 0.05). Used WaveOne and WaveOne Gold instruments had the highest values, followed by Reciproc and Reciproc blue instruments (P < 0.05). Some indications of microcracks in qualitatively intact Reciproc blue files were observed, and minor surface cracks in used WaveOne Gold instruments were also observed. Used WaveOne, Reciproc, and Reciproc blue instruments exhibited cracks and microcavities. WaveOne Gold and Reciproc blue instruments had significantly higher levels of surface distortion after root canal instrumentation, and WaveOne exhibited the lowest level of surface deformation. Each of the Reciprocating instruments was safely used to prepare four canals without incident. The three-dimensional stylus profiler provided valuable assessments of the surface topographies of NiTi instruments.

Effect of Reciproc blue, XP-endo shaper, and WaveOne gold instruments on dentinal microcrack formation: A micro-computed tomographic evaluation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of Reciproc Blue (RPCB), XP-endo Shaper (XPS), and WaveOne Gold (WOG) single-files on dentinal microcrack formation using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Twenty-four mesial roots (24 mesio-buccal and 24 mesio-lingual canals) of mandibular molar teeth were prepared using RPCB, XPS, and WOG files (n = 8/each group). The samples were scanned with micro-CT in the pre- and post-preparation. Then, before preparation and after preparation cross-sectional images of the teeth were evaluated to detect the presence of microcracks. For each group, the number of microcracks was calculated as a percentage rate. The data were statistically analyzed using McNemar at 5% significance level (p < .05). Dentinal microcracks were observed in 25.99% (2,103 of 7,813), 31.99% (2,482 of 7,758), and 36.66% (2,836 of 7,731) of cross-sectional images of the XPS, WOG, and RPCB groups, respectively. In all the groups, all the dentinal microcracks seen in the post-treatment cross-sectional images were present in the corresponding pre-treatment images. Within the limitations of this study, the XPS, WOG, and RPCB files did not cause new dentinal microcrack formation or propagation of existing dentinal microcracks.

Effectiveness of XP-Endo Finisher in the reduction of bacterial load in oval-shaped root canals.

This study investigated the effectiveness of XP-Endo Finisher (XPF) associated with XP-Endo Shaper (XPS) or Reciproc Blue (RB) files in reducing bacterial load in oval-shaped root canals (RC) during chemomechanical preparation (CMP) using 0.9% saline solution (NaCl) or 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Eighty mandibular incisors with single oval-shaped RC were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis. The teeth were randomly assigned to eight experimental groups (n = 10) according to the CMP, as follows: G1: XPS, G2: XPS + XPF, G3: RB, and G4: RB + XPF. CMP was performed with NaCl or NaOCl. The reduction of bacterial load was assessed by colony-forming unit count before (S1) and after (S2) CMP. Data normality was verified by using Shapiro-Wilk test. ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used at a 5% significance level. Culturable bacteria were present in all S1 samples (p>0.05). All instrumentation techniques were effective in reducing bacterial load, irrespective of the irrigating solution (p < 0.05). With the use of NaCl, RB was more effective than XPS (p = 0.035). With the use of NaOCl, XPS and RB presented similar effectiveness (p = 0.779). XPF enhanced the bacterial reduction of both systems tested (p < 0.05). The use of NaOCl improved the CMP, irrespective of the instrumentation technique used (p < 0.05). In conclusion, XPS and RB files are effective in reducing bacterial levels in oval-shaped RC. The use of XPF as a method of agitation of the irrigating solution improved the cleaning efficiency of both file systems tested. Mechanical preparation performed with saline solution decreased culturable bacteria from the root canal, but antimicrobial substances such as NaOCl should be used to achieve a significantly better disinfection.

Effect of Glide Path Creating on Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Reciproc and Reciproc Blue Nickel-titanium Files: A Laboratory Study

IntroductionThe purpose of this article was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc and Reciproc Blue files (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) that were used to prepare root canals of mandibular molar teeth with or without a glide path. MethodsSixty Reciproc R25 and 60 Reciproc Blue R25 files were used. The Reciproc and Reciproc Blue groups were divided into 3 subgroups (ie, as received condition, used without a glide path, and used with a glide path). All the instruments were rotated in a stainless steel artificial canal with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, a 60° angle of curvature, and a radius of curvature of 5 mm until fracture occurred. The number of cycle to fracture was calculated, and the length of the fractured segments was measured. The Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to statistically analyze the data using SPSS 21.0 software (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) at a 5% significance level. ResultsThe cyclic fatigue resistance of as received condition Reciproc Blue files was found to be higher than as received condition Reciproc files (P < .05). Reciproc Blue files used for root canal preparation showed higher cyclic fatigue resistance than Reciproc files used for root canal preparation (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference between Reciproc and Reciproc Blue files used with a glide path and without a glide path (P > .05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean length of the fractured fragments of the instruments (P > .05). ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this in vitro study, it was concluded that creating a glide path using ProGlider files had no effect on the cyclic fatigue resistance of RPC and RPC Blue files.

Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Reciproc Blue and Reciproc Files in an S-shaped Canal

IntroductionThis study evaluated the cyclic fatigue resistance (CFR) of Reciproc (R25 and R40; VDW, Munich, Germany) and Reciproc Blue (R25 and R40, VDW) instruments used in an artificial S-shaped canal. MethodsA total of 80 files were tested in an S-shaped canal (n = 20 for each file, Reciproc R25 and R40 and Reciproc Blue R25 and R40). This study compared Reciproc R25 with Reciproc Blue R25 files and Reciproc R40 with Reciproc Blue R40 files. All files were rotated in an S-shaped artificial canal until fracture. CFR was determined by recording the time to fracture in the artificial canal. The length of each fractured fragment was measured in millimeters. An independent sample t test was used to analyze the data. ResultsBetween the R25 files, Reciproc Blue instruments showed significantly greater CFR than the Reciproc files in the apical and coronal curves (P < .05). Between the R40 files, Reciproc Blue instruments exhibited greater CFR in the apical and coronal curves (P < .05). There was no difference in the fractured fragment lengths of the Reciproc Blue files compared with the Reciproc files (P > .05). ConclusionsThe Reciproc Blue R25 and R40 files showed greater CFR than the Reciproc R25 and R40 files in an S-shaped canal.

Bending resistance and cyclic fatigue life of Reciproc Blue, WaveOne Gold, and Genius files in a double (S-shaped) curved canal.

Background. This study compared the cyclic fatigue resistance, bending resistance and cross-sectional areas of Reciproc Blue (RPC Blue), WaveOne Gold (WOG), and Genius File (GF) NiTi rotary systems. Methods. Forty RPC Blue R25 (25/.08), 40 WOG Primary (25/.07) and 40 GF (25/.04) files were used in the present study. Flexibility of the files was determined by 45° bending test. The instruments were also subjected to cyclic fatigue resistance, calculating the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) in an S-shaped artificial stainless steel canal. Also the cross-sectional areas of the files were measured at D5 level. The length of the fractured file tips was measured. The fracture surface of all the fragments was examined with a scanning electron microscope. Data was statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. Results. In both the apical and coronal curvatures, the NCF of the GF was significantly higher than that of the RPC Blue and WOG files. There was no significant difference between the GF, WOG and Reciproc Blue files with respect to the lengths of the fractured file fragments in either the apical or coronal curvature. The bending resistance of the GF was signif-icantly higher than that of the RPC Blue and WOG files. The RPC Blue had the largest cross-sectional area, and the GF had the smallest cross-sectional area. Conclusion. Within the limitations of the present study, the GF NiTi system exhibited the highest cyclic and bending re-sistance among the experimental groups.