Recipient Families Research Articles

Ketimpangan Distribusi Kartu Indonesia Pintar: Sebuah Kajian terhadap Akses dan Implementasi di Indonesia

This study aims to examine the distribution inequality of the Indonesia Smart Card (KIP) Program as one of the Indonesian government's efforts to improve access to education for the poor and vulnerable poor. This program is expected to reduce school dropout rates and provide more equitable educational opportunities. However, its implementation still faces various obstacles, such as inaccurate targeting of recipients, delays in fund disbursement, lack of assistance, and the amount of assistance that is considered insufficient. This study uses a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis to explore the factors that influence the success and failure of KIP distribution in various parts of Indonesia. The results show that while the program provides short-term benefits in easing the economic burden of recipient families, its impact on improving long-term economic independence is limited. This study recommends improvements in the data collection mechanism, beneficiary verification, and more intensive mentoring to ensure program effectiveness. Thus, it is expected that KIP can be more optimal in supporting education equity and poverty alleviation in Indonesia.

Analysis of The Effect of Three-Month DCA Accuracy on Optimistic Bias In Fulfilling Cooking Oil For DCA Recipient Families

Cooking oil is one of the basic needs for the people of Indonesia and is included in the nine staples. Currently, there is an increase in the price of cooking oil as a result of the price of crude palm oil on the international market increasing and reaching the highest price ever recorded in history. So that the government’s action to overcome the increase in cooking oil prices is to provide Direct Cash Assistance in the form of electronic money or non-cash assistance with the main target being Families Receiving Non-Cash Food Assistance and Family Hope Program and Street Vendors who sell fried food. This study aims to see the bias that occurs against DCA given to beneficiary families and provide suggestions for the government based on the results of cost accuracy in fulfilling cooking oil for 3 months. The method used in this research is the statistical test of single sample mean and double sample mean to determine the accuracy of respondents’ answers to the movement of cooking oil prices. The results showed that there was an optimistic bias towards the estimation of cooking oil prices by the community. People expect the price of cooking oil to fall, but in actual conditions the price of cooking oil for a month from May to June shows a fixed price neither rising nor falling.

Contribution of Janata Awash Grant for Poverty Reduction in Makwanpur, Nepal

This research paper deals with the Janata Awash Grant, a program resembling Universal Basic Income (UBI), implemented in Raksirang Rural Municipality of Makawanpur District in Nepal, which specifically focuses on poverty reduction, social justice, and inclusion for impoverished families. The main aim of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the Janata Awash Grant (JAG) in reducing poverty and promoting social justice among the designated families. The research uses a mixed-method approach, employing an explanatory sequential research design, and utilizes both primary and secondary data sources. Forty households out of 200 grant recipients were randomly chosen for primary data collection. Additionally, key informant interviews were conducted with selected representatives and informed beneficiaries to gather qualitative insights. The results indicate significant improvements in the economic status of recipient families, leading to a decrease in poverty rates and an overall enhancement in quality of life. Qualitative analysis highlights the broader societal and ethical impacts of receiving a guaranteed income, emphasizing the transformative potential of UBI beyond its monetary benefits.

Analisis Efektivitas Bantuan Langsung Tunai dalam Mencegah Angka Kemiskinan

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Direct Cash Assistance (BLT) in preventing poverty in the village of Sungai Jering. The background of this research problem is the high poverty rate, which is a major challenge for local governments in improving community welfare. The BLT program is expected to provide direct economic support to poor and vulnerable families. The theoretical concepts underlying this research include transparency, community participation, supervision, justice, and social security. The research method used is qualitative, allowing researchers to understand phenomena holistically and deeply. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis involving BLT beneficiaries and other related parties. The results of the study show that the BLT program in Sungai Jering has succeeded in increasing the purchasing power of the community and providing economic stability for recipient families. This success is marked by active community participation in the monitoring and implementation of the program, as well as high transparency in the distribution of assistance. However, to improve the program's effectiveness, support in the form of long-term sustainable economic empowerment programs is needed. In conclusion, BLT can be an effective tool in poverty alleviation strategies if implemented well, with high accountability and strong community involvement. With the right policies, this program is expected to become a model for other villages in managing social assistance effectively.

The effects of Bolsa Família on human development: systematic review approach

Usually conditional cash transfer programmes (CCTs) are interpreted as passive policies dealing with income maintenance and needs fulfilment. However, recently some of the literature has suggested a more active role for them. The aim of this article is to investigate the inclusive role of human rights-based CCTs using the Bolsa Família (BF) policy as a case study. Specifically, I assess the effect of this programme on human development using a systematic review of results from natural, quasi-experimental, counterfactual and longitudinal analyses. The main findings suggest some positive effect of the BF on human development. However, the BF programme should be more integrated with the education and the health system to ameliorate the advancement of human rights. For example, when social workers visit recipient families they should enrol children in the education system. Also, healthcare teams should visit recipient families more frequently and provide healthcare advice as well as healthcare support to ameliorate the nutritional and health status of children.

Cultural and Linguistic Adaptation of Parent-Implemented Language Interventions for At-Risk Children: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Children from low socioeconomic backgrounds are at an increased risk for delayed language and literacy development. In recognizing the role parents play in children’s language and literacy development, organizations throughout the world are identifying and implementing parent-focused interventions early in children’s lives. Impacting the success of parent-implemented language interventions, however, is the fit with recipient families’ culture. Although cultural and linguistic adaptation is gaining more emphasis in the education field, there is little focus on cultural and linguistic adaptation of parent-implemented language interventions. Twenty-four studies were evaluated for quality and effectiveness and were examined to identify how researchers adapted interventions culturally and linguistically. We further evaluated how researchers addressed social validity in these interventions. Interventions were of medium to high quality and were reported to effectively enhance children’s language and literacy outcomes. Overall, the studies supported the sociolinguistic pride of participants’ culture by using community metaphors and concepts and supported the use of participants’ home language. Twelve studies included an assessment of social validity, primarily in the aspects of intervention procedures and content, and almost exclusively at the end of the intervention. This review emphasizes the importance of adapting parent-implemented language interventions with cultural and linguistic practices of local populations to enhance children’s language outcomes.

The Family Characteristics, Eight Family Functions and Socio-Economic Class of Contribution Assistance Recipient Families in Indonesia

Efforts to realize quality human and family resources can be achieved through optimizing the implementation of the eight family functions. This research was conducted to analyze what kind of family characteristics and at what socio-economic level are the families receiving contribution assistance in Indonesia, as well as to examine the extent of knowledge about the eight functions of the family in families receiving contribution assistance. This study uses longitudinal secondary data from the 2015-2019 National Medium-Term Development Plan Performance Indicator Survey. Data processing and analysis were carried out descriptively and inferentially using cross tabulation and regression testing. The study included 943,004 individual respondents. The result show that the higher the socioeconomic class of the family, the higher the knowledge about the eight family functions, this is statistically very significant as evidenced by the P value below 0.05, with a coefficient of 0.676. It is surprising that this study states that family size has no significant effect on socioeconomic class. Study proves that when the PBI Contribution recipient family data is regressed with socioeconomic class, the low economic class is positively correlated with a coefficient value of 0.481 and is statistically significant with a 95 percent confidence level and below 0.05, which is 0.000, meaning that in low socioeconomic families, they are the largest recipients of PBI contributions.

Piloting Eyes on the Baby: A Multiagency Training and Implementation Intervention Linking Sudden Unexpected Infant Death Prevention and Safeguarding

We describe the coproduction, pilot implementation, and user evaluation of an evidence-based training intervention addressing prevention of Sudden Unexpected Deaths in Infancy (SUDI) for the multiagency workforce supporting vulnerable families with babies in a northern English county. We aimed in this pilot study to improve knowledge, skills, and engagement of professionals and support staff providing services for vulnerable families with increased risk of SUDI. The training intervention was co-produced by the academic team and the project Steering Committee which comprised senior leaders from the local authority, health and care sectors, and third-sector organisations, and rolled out to multiagency teams between November 2022 and March 2023. Evaluation data were collected using a post-training questionnaire, followed up by the Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) NoMAD survey issued at two time-points post-training, and interviews with stakeholders. The evaluation, conducted from January to May 2023, aimed to assess how well the multiagency workforce accepted SUDI prevention as part of their remit and incorporated SUDI prevention activities into their everyday work. Most multiagency professionals and support staff were enthusiastic about the training and their role in SUDI prevention. Fewer health professionals completed the training than expected. Forty percent (397/993) of invited staff completed the training. Our results revealed initial lack of knowledge and confidence around SUDI prevention and targeted provision for vulnerable families which improved following the Eyes on the Baby training. The proportion of nonhealth professionals rating their knowledge of SUDI prevention as good or excellent increased significantly from 28% before training to 57% afterwards. Self-rated confidence in discussing SUDI prevention with families increased significantly from 71% to 97%. Health professionals’ ratings increased significantly for knowledge from 62% to 96%, and confidence from 85% to 100%. Use of NPT allowed us to identify that by the time of evaluation, the earliest adopters were cognitively involved with the programme and engaged in collective action, while later adopters had not yet reached this stage. We conclude that effective implementation of multiagency working for SUDI prevention can be accomplished by providing clear training and guidance for all staff who have regular or opportunistic contact with vulnerable families. Our next step is to evaluate the sustainability of MAW SUDI prevention over the medium to long term and assess the responses of recipient families to this approach.

Reframing Social Protection within Development Paradigms: A Study of Malaysia’s Survivors’ Pension Scheme

The interplay between social protection strategies and economic resilience, particularly in mitigating poverty, has gained substantial prominence within developmental and welfare policy frameworks. Notably, survivors’ pension schemes stand out for their critical support to poor families grappling with the aftermath of losing primary earners. This study provides an overview of Malaysia’s Survivors’ Pension Scheme, an integral facet of the national social safety net designed to aid families mourning the loss of breadwinners. This study contrasts evaluations of the scheme’s outreach and efficacy beneficiaries, thus offering a comprehensive overview of its socioeconomic impacts. Employing a detailed amount of information regarding the scheme’s coverage, distributive metrics, and fiscal expenditures, coupled with beneficiary, this enables a thorough overview of the Survivors’ Pension’s operational mechanisms and its broader socio-economic repercussions on recipient families. Initial study affirms the Survivors’ Pension Scheme’s essential role in diminishing financial vulnerability and countering social exclusion among qualified families. The study reveals marked enhancements in income stability and a decrease in poverty rates among recipients. Nonetheless, the study also identifies pressing concerns regarding the scheme’s reach and future viability, exacerbated by demographic trends and economic limitations. The Survivors’ Pension Scheme is identified as a pivotal element of Malaysia’s social protection infrastructure, effectively safeguarding at-risk populations from economic challenges. However, the findings prompt the need for strategic reforms to augment the scheme’s inclusivity and ensure its fiscal sustainability. Proposed reforms encompass broadening eligibility conditions, revising benefit allocations, and amalgamating the Survivors’ Pension with a more encompassing universal social protection framework. This study advocates for ongoing monitoring of the scheme’s modifications and their socioeconomic effects, evidence-based approach to social policy innovation.

Socio-Economic Consequences of Remittance on Households in Pokhara Valley

There has been a continuous discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of the continuously increasing remittance flows. On the one hand, few studies in different parts of the world have noted that remittances have increased conspicuous consumption and decreased the Labour supply for farming and agriculture. Instead, several others have shown how enhancing food, health, and education can help recipient households’ quality of life. Thus, this study aims to analyze the socio-economic consequences of remittance on households in Pokhara Valley Through the use of a structured questionnaire, data on how much money families who receive and do not receive remittances spend and invest on a variety of household activities, such as food, children’s health, education, consumer goods, and asset investment, were collected, compared and analyzed using various statistical tools like frequencies, mean, standard deviation and independent samples t-test. The association of the two categories of households of the study on involvement in agriculture and farming was examined using the chi-square test. The study has shown that the remittance income has increased the purchasing power of remittance-receiving households which has led to an increment in the spending capacity of those households. The results indicate that remittance positively affects the improvement of human capital as the remittance recipient households spend more on family members’ education and health services than remittance non-recipient households do. However, remittance has also resulted in conspicuous consumption and higher spending on non-productive activities. In addition, it has adversely affected the participation of recipient families on involvement in agriculture and farming, ultimately necessitating the importation of food grains. On this basis, it is recommended that the government should develop measures that can stimulate remittance recipient families on remittance investments in the development of the domestic economy, national output, and agricultural production rather than spending on unproductive activities.

Social Assistance for Poor Communities in the Perspective of Dependency Theory (A study on the community in the Winangun Dua sub-district, neighborhood 1, Manado City)

The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the benefits and forms of social assistance provided by the state through the plaintiff's community, which are claimed to be in accordance with the objectives of social assistance services. Data collection methods used in this study consisted of interview and observation methods. Data analysis techniques using data reduction, data display and reasoning. As a result, it was found that welfare beneficiaries in Winangun Dua Village, District 1 received welfare in the form of the Family Hope Program (PKH), Smart Indonesia Card (KIP) and Healthy Indonesia Card (KIS). The assistance provided is often used by beneficiary families to help ease the burden on the poor in dealing with their daily lives. This social assistance can improve the standard of living of beneficiary families, help the community's economy, strengthen school spirit, and enable recipient families to open small businesses.

Dampak Program Keluarga Harapan Terhadap Kesejahteraan Keluarga Di Kelurahan Mayangan Kota Probolinggo

The Family Hope Program or PKH is a conditional cash assistance program that is given to families who have very low incomes. What is needed is involvement in pursuing education and health. PKH in Indonesia was founded in 2007, to reduce poverty and improve low family welfare. This study aims to determine the impact of PKH on family welfare in the Mayangan Village, Probolinggo City. With this type of qualitative research and descriptive qualitative approach. Observations, interviews, and documentation are data collection techniques used in this writing. To test the credibility of the data or trust in the data, namely using the triangulation method and increasing the persistence and adequacy of references. The results of this study indicate that there is an impact of PKH on increasing family welfare in the Mayangan Village, Probolinggo City, namely there are two positive and negative impacts. From the positive impacts obtained, namely, reducing the burden of spending, increasing children's education, improving family health, changing behavior and independence of poor PKH recipient families. Meanwhile, the negative impact arises from the implementation of the Harpan family program in the Mayangan Village, Probolinggo City, namely dependence on assistance provided by the government. In addition, it also creates social jealousy among local residents who do not receive PKH assistance.

Zero or 18

Zero or 18

Real effects of direct cash transfers shocks: evidence from one of the largest social welfare programs in the world

ABSTRACT We examine the socio-economic consequences in Brazilian municipalities of one of the world’s largest social welfare programmes – the Bolsa Família. Since the Bolsa Família endogenously targets municipalities with weaker local socio-economic conditions, it becomes challenging to reason about its causal effects on the local economy. We address this endogeneity by exploiting a change in the Bolsa Família regulation in 2012 that established a minimum per capita income of 70 reais for recipient families. Previously, additional financial benefits were available based on the number of children in the family, up to five. Following the change, large families effectively received a positive income shock. We investigate this discontinuity by comparing recipient families of different sizes with income nearing the 70 reais per capita threshold shortly before the shift at the municipality level. Municipalities’ employment, income, and health metrics show consistent and positive results. However, we find no effect on education, which could be explained by the lack of robust education-related conditionalities that Bolsa Família recipients are required to report continuously to enjoy the programme’s benefits.

FAMILY HOPE PROGRAM (PKH) EXTENSION WORKERS' EFFORTS IN ALLEGING POVERTY IN THE COMMUNITY IN KALIWUNGU SUB-DISTRICT, KENDAL REGENCY

Poverty remains a major issue in Indonesia. One of the government's efforts to alleviate poverty is the Family Hope Program (PKH). This study aims to describe the Extension Workers' efforts in implementing the Family Hope Program (PKH) to combat poverty in Kaliwungu District, Kendal Regency. Among the outcomes of the efforts made is 1. Socialization of the distribution of assistance through the provision of materials, business training, and assistance in resolving various problems in the field. 2. Increasing the group's economy through skill-based activities such as business partners. 3. Changes in behavior (knowledge, attitudes, and skills) where being in chronic poverty becomes temporary poverty because KPM (Benefit Recipient Families) has acquired business skills. 4. Empowerment of the Independent Community through Skill Training Activities such as making bags and brooches out of cloth that will later be made into saleable goods for the beneficiary families.

The Path of Remittances to Consumption or Saving! Albania Case Study

Since the change of the political systems in the 1990-s in Albania, massive emigration has been a continuous phenomenon of different scales in Albania. The outflow migration phenomenon is associated with the inflow of remittances to the origin families. Remittances have been a vital financial source of living for a considerable number of households. Therefore, they constitute an important financial mechanism for funding the country's economy. Empirical regression analysis in emerging economies suggests ambiguous results of remittances in the economy. Therefore, it is the purpose of this paper to investigate the effect of remittances on macroeconomic variables such as aggregate consumption, national saving, and the economic growth rate in Albania. Econometric models based on the ordinary least squared method (OLS) are performed to analyze the effect among the variables, and time series data are retrieved from the World Bank and Institute of Statistics of Albania databases. Model results based on data from the period 1992-2019 show that most of the remittance income is consumed by the recipient families contributing to the aggregate consumption demand. According to the model’s results, a 1 percent increase in remittances contributes to a 3.2 percent increase in aggregate consumption in the country. While remittances have neither a significant effect on a country's national aggregate saving nor the country's economic growth rates.

Mobilizing Public Interest in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: An Analysis of Online Traffic.

Despite growing public interest in and extensive media coverage of facial transplantation, a recent survey study found that only 63% of laypersons demonstrate basic awareness of the field.1 On February 3, 2021, our institution published a press release regarding our latest transplant recipient, who received a face and bilateral hands. We present this viewpoint to discuss our analyses of webpage traffic and Google trends, which illustrates the public’s curiosity regarding vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) and sheds light on how we may overcome the field’s key obstacles; in particular, donor pool expansion. Analysis of online traffic enables researchers to derive market intelligence by gauging public interest. Its relevance in transplantation was demonstrated by Gordon et al.,2 who used webpage traffic data to highlight the effectiveness of call-to-action campaigns for living kidney donors. We compared the online traffic of our facial transplantation program’s homepage during the week of the press release (February 2, 2021, to February 8, 2021) with that of the preceding week. A 1230.67% increase in visits to our facial transplantation program’s homepage (https://nyulangone.org/locations/face-transplant-program) was revealed. Most of the traffic (72.60%) was driven by natural searches, indicating organic interest from the public (Fig. 1). Such interest was further supported by Google trends showing the greatest annual spike in queries during the week of the press release (Fig. 2).Fig. 1.: Face transplant program webpage visits by acquisition channel in the week of the press release. “Organic search” refers to visitors who found our website using search tools such as Google. “Direct access” refers to visitors who accessed the webpage without clicking on a link. “Referring domains” refers to visitors who clicked on a link in other webpages, and “social media” refers to visitors coming from social media posts (eg, Facebook, Instagram).Fig. 2.: Google trends analysis. Graphical representation of Google queries in the United States for face transplant (dark purple) and face and hand transplant (light purple) between July 26, 2020, and July 11, 2021, demonstrating the maximum value for both relevant search terms occurred during the week of January 31, 2021, to February 6, 2021, coinciding with the press release. The y axis shows the normalized search frequency; each data point is divided by the total searches in a given geography and time range to compare relative popularity. The resulting numbers are scaled on a range of 0 to 100 based on a topic’s proportion to all searches on all topics. The x axis shows the time frame of relevant search results.Organ transplantation is hindered by a limited supply of donors; facial transplantation donor identification is uniquely challenging because of the stringent immunologic, cephalometric, and aesthetic considerations that must be taken into account.3 Moreover, unlike solid organs, facial transplantation donation requires a separate consent with the approval of a decedent’s family, further constricting the theoretical donor pool. Previous research has shown that 48% of Americans would be willing to donate their face.4 However, estimates show that only one-third of the U.S. population has completed advanced directives,5 and it is likely that significantly fewer have discussed facial transplantation donation with relevant family members. The general public, as a broad stakeholder, wields considerable power to advance the field of VCA. Educational interventions have proven successful at increasing public awareness and willingness to donate.1 The organic interest in VCA generated through public relations may be leveraged to inform and mobilize potential donors at the time of peak engagement. Moreover, public education could also be helpful in promoting legislative actions to reduce friction in the donation process. Given the spike in interest generated by our press release, timely provision of educational material and direct links to local donor registries would be crucial to make the best use of public interest. In summary, we found a substantial increase in traffic to our facial transplantation program’s webpage after issuing a press release on a successful face and bilateral hand transplant. Donor shortages remain one of the greatest challenges in the field of VCA. Spikes in interest represent unique opportunities that can be leveraged to educate the public, promote advocacy of the field, and expand the donor pool. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors thank the donor and recipient patients and families. DISCLOSURE The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this article.

Implementation of the Distribution of Social Assistance to Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Village Based on the Minister of Social Affairs Regulation Number 20 of 2019 concerning the Distribution of Non-Cash Food Aid

That is Peremensos 20 of 2019 concerning B.P.N.T which was launched by the government to deal with poverty. This programs is a substitut for the poor rice proyect which aim to increase food securiti & support balance nutrision for K.P.M, increase the level of targeting accurate and the time of reciving food assistance for recipient families. Ketimang, Kec. Wonoayu is one of the villages that has implemented the latest governmen projec, name is Non-Cash Food Aid. the purpose of writing this scientific paper is to see the implementation and description of how the implementation of the Non-Cash Food Aid distribution progrms in Ketimang during the Covid pandemic. The method chosen by the author is descriptive qualitatife. Data collection techniques through question and answer & field observations. Data analysis techniq, data presentattion & draw conclusions. The results of the study illustrate that implementasion of the social assist project in Ketimang country has been in acordance with the technical guidelines for the 2021 B.PN.T progrm. Although in the distribusion process there is still some problems, such as the lack of socializattion to the communitty, especialy the original KPM. Howeer, this has a good impact and benefit for the wellfare of the communiti, specially KPM.

Implementation of the Distribution of Social Assistance to Communities Affected by Covid-19 in Village Based on the Minister of Social Affairs Regulation Number 20 of 2019 concerning the Distribution of Non-Cash Food Aid

That is Peremensos 20 of 2019 concerning B.P.N.T which was launched by the government to deal with poverty. This programs is a substitut for the poor rice proyect which aim to increase food securiti & support balance nutrision for K.P.M, increase the level of targeting accurate and the time of reciving food assistance for recipient families. Ketimang, Kec. Wonoayu is one of the villages that has implemented the latest governmen projec, name is Non-Cash Food Aid. the purpose of writing this scientific paper is to see the implementation and description of how the implementation of the Non-Cash Food Aid distribution progrms in Ketimang during the Covid pandemic. The method chosen by the author is descriptive qualitatife. Data collection techniques through question and answer & field observations. Data analysis techniq, data presentattion & draw conclusions. The results of the study illustrate that implementasion of the social assist project in Ketimang country has been in acordance with the technical guidelines for the 2021 B.PN.T progrm. Although in the distribusion process there is still some problems, such as the lack of socializattion to the communitty, especialy the original KPM. Howeer, this has a good impact and benefit for the wellfare of the communiti, specially KPM.

DISCOVERY OF GERMLINE MOSAICISM, NON-PENETRANT DISEASE, AND MORE FOLLOWING DIAGNOSIS OF AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT DISORDERS IN DONOR-CONCEIVED OFFSPRING

Current counseling recommendations following a diagnosis of an apparently de novo autosomal dominant (AD) disorder in a child cite a recurrence risk of approximately 1% due to the possibility of germline mosaicism [REF; Clarke 8th Edition (Harper) p.32]. When an AD disorder is identified in a donor-conceived offspring, investigation for germline mosaicism in the donor can help clarify reproductive risks for other recipient families. Here we summarize experience from investigations of AD diagnoses in donor-conceived offspring to illustrate why such investigations are warranted.