Prevention Of Recidivism Research Articles

Return to Work After Release From Prison.

Work preservation is crucial for the reintegration of ex-prisoners and the prevention of recidivism. We describe the application of an interdisciplinary diagnostic protocol (occupational health visit, psychiatric interview, psychological counselling and testing) in the case of a dairy industry worker (female, 45-year-old), released on half-freedom after approximately a year of detention in prison for attempted murder. This crime can seriously hamper job resumption. The evaluation revealed a slightly depressed mood (consistent with recent life events), in the absence of major psychiatric disorders or other disturbances that could compromise working abilities or represent a danger for the coworkers. The patient was, therefore, judged able to resume her job. At six months follow-up, she had fully served her sentence and had returned to her previous job, with good relations with her colleagues. However, she encountered hostility from her employer, which induced her to find a new job as a secretary. Her mental health status was improved. The interdisciplinary approach described here may allow ex-prisoners to return to work by helping the company physician to formulate the judgement of job fitness, offering at the same time suggestions for a rational occupational reintegration.

URSAVS – histoire et politique d’une intercontenance réussie

The regional unit for the care of perpetrators of sexual violence (URSAVS) was established in Lille in 2009, under to the impetus of Doctor Tiphaine Séguret, and under the aegis of the Regional Health Agency of the department of Hauts-de-France. It is hosted by the University Hospital of Lille. This unit was born out of the urgent need to establish and coordinate specific care services including psycho- and sex-criminological dimensions, at the crossroads of mental health service and judicial entities. Originally destined for those who had been convicted of sexual offences and who were being released from prison, this unit has diversified in many ways, as the many cases and problems entrusted to it were discovered. Operating today in the realms of pediatrics, care of the elderly, and including the National Education system, URSAVS has paved the way for a fundamental reflection on the methods and practices of care specific to perpetrators of sexual violences. Its results in the prevention of recidivism after 5 years (1%), demonstrate the lasting effectiveness of its paradigm of care, especially when compared to national statistics on recidivism over the same period (15% for rape, 11% for sexual assault, 12% for sexual harassment, according to the French Ministry of Justice).

Explaining the Unexplainable: Balancing Responsibility, Expectations, and Identity in Narratives of Sexual Recidivism.

When someone is caught and punished for a sexual offense, recidivism prevention is of high priority. While a growing body of qualitative research has investigated the desistance process of those who have sexually offended, few studies have examined the narratives of individuals who have sexually recidivated in order to understand how they make sense of their reoffending. This study aims to fill this gap in the literature by exploring the recidivism process and broader life stories of 16 imprisoned men through semi-structured interviews. The results demonstrate how these men explain their recent "failures," the obstacles they face when doing so, and how they attempt to overcome these obstacles in their narratives. Thus, the analysis in this study is both thematic and narrative. Finally, the findings' practical implications are discussed to show how ambiguity in narratives can be a powerful tool in correctional and clinical interventions.

Capacity Building Techniques and Recidivism Prevention among the Prison Inmates in Selected Prisons in Nairobi County, Kenya

Capacity Building Techniques and Recidivism Prevention among the Prison Inmates in Selected Prisons in Nairobi County, Kenya

Approche éthogenique des logiques d’actions sous-tendant le maintien versus l’interruption du lien entre un père incarcéré et son enfant

This study investigates behaviors related to maintaining or interrupting the bond between incarcerated fathers and their child(ren), based on their narratives. To shed light on this analysis, we employed the “ethogenic” theoretical framework, which aims to elucidate culturally shared norms and goals that guide behaviors. In this context, 13 incarcerated fathers were interviewed as part of a parenting support program regarding their relationship with their children since their incarceration. The collected narratives distinguish between the logics of actions favoring the maintenance of this bond (the desire to “preserve their identity as a father”, to continue “meeting their child's emotional needs”, and to “cope with the prison conditions”) versus the logics of actions leading to the interruption of this bond (the desire to “preserve their paternal image”, to “shield their child from the reality of the prison environment”, to “preserve family resources”, and to “focus on their adaptation process to this environment”). In general, this research has highlighted action dynamics that may impede bond maintenance, dynamics that can be addressed within the prison setting through parenting support initiatives. Numerous studies emphasize the positive effects of such initiatives, including inmate rehabilitation and recidivism prevention.

СПЕЦИАЛЬНО-КРИМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕРЫ ПРЕДУПРЕЖДЕНИЯ РЕЦИДИВНОЙ ПРЕСТУПНОСТИ

Currently, prevention is considered as one of the main activities of law enforcement agencies. Its content is reduced to carrying out measures aimed at preventing the commission of crimes by persons who have previously committed criminally punishable acts. In order to establish a system of measures for the special prevention of recidivism, the article examines the causes, conditions and circumstances contributing to its spread. It has been established that the imposition of punishment in case of recidivism has specifics related to the fact that the applied corrective measures do not bring the desired result, which necessitates the need to strengthen the impact on the defendant in order to return him to an honest life. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that special criminological prevention of recidivism should be comprehensive, systematic and depend on the type of recidivism. Measures for the timely detection, suppression and prevention of recidivism should be reflected in the activities of various State bodies, officials, including internal affairs bodies, the commission on juvenile Affairs, institutions of the penal enforcement system, and judicial authorities.

Strategies for tobacco-free survivorship after breast cancer: The possible weaving of preoperative care and public health policies.

Among smoker women with breast cancer quitting smoking has been shown to increase survival and surgical outcomes. Where surgery is indicated, the preoperative seems to be a crucial moment for smoking cessation interventions as it enhances recovery after surgery and motivates prolonged tobacco abstinence. Timing and frequency of preoperative quitting conversations were variables associated with quitting. An early, multidisciplinary, and personalized approach is recommended. A solid integration between primary care services and specialized care is challenging but feasible, implementing prehabilitation pathways that include tobacco treatment routinely as an integral part of breast cancer care. Smoking cessation programs before surgical procedures impact recidivism prevention, survivorship improvement, public health, and cost savings. The contribution of healthcare professionals can make a difference in tobacco control, collaborating with organizations, public health, and nursing research. Integrated solutions in oncological clinical care pathways might help patients build and maintain tobacco abstinence after breast cancer. Future research shall study when patients should abstain from smoking before oncological breast surgery.

양형상 책임 반영과 예방 고려

This essay aims to review the rationale of sentencing in Korean criminal laws and procedures to understand how to secure rational sentencing with the rationales of sentencing, such as responsibility of offenders and general deterrence or specific deterrence. Shuldprinzip or principle of responsibility is the fundamental basis of criminal punishment, which also acknowledged as constitutional principle for criminal laws. However, Korean Penal Code has no definite provisions on the purpose(s) of punishment or sentencing. Considering such statutory definition of the rationale is necessary for rationalizing sentencing discretion, Article 51 of the Penal Code is the only relevant provision on some ‘general principles’ of sentencing : In determining punishment, the following shall be taken into consideration: 1. The age, character and conduct, intelligence and environment of the offender; 2. Offender's relation to the victim; 3. The motive for the commission of the crime, the means and the result; 4. Circumstances after the commission of the crime. Also, Korean sentencing guideline system under the Court Organization Act has set some principles of setting or changing the sentencing criteria: 1. The nature of crimes, the circumstances of crimes, and the extent of the responsibilities of defendants shall be reflected; 2. The general deterrence, the prevention of defendants from committing crimes again and their return to society shall be taken consideration; 3. As long as there is no difference between the same kind of crimes and the similar kind of crimes in the sentencing elements that have to be taken into account, they shall not be differently handled in the sentencing of them; 4. The sentencing shall not be discriminated against defendants on the grounds of their nationalities, religions, conscience, social statuses, etc. (Article 81-6(2)) Now the sentencing guideline system is taking the role of rationalizing sentencing discretion by both reflecting responsibilities of defendants and considering the general deterrence of crimes or the prevention of defendants from re-offending and their rehabilitation, and further realizing the purposed of just punishment. According to the law, when setting and changing the sentencing guidelines, the guidelines should reflect the degree of responsibility of the defendant, and consider the general prevention of crime and the prevention of recidivism and social rehabilitation of the defendant. So for the rationalization of sentencing, it should be possible to make sentencing-policy judgments on responsibility and prevention considerations through the principles of responsibility and prevention considerations rather than unclear normative adjustments of sentencing guidelines.

УГОЛОВНО-ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМА КАК СУБЪЕКТ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ РЕЦИДИВНОЙ ПРЕСТУПНОСТИ

In order to successfully prevent recidivism, it is necessary to study its specifics and main indicators, the personality characteristics of a recidivist criminal; to identify the causes, conditions and factors contributing to the commission of recidivist crimes. The study and analysis of these materials will contribute to a better prevention of recidivism, which is important to carry out constantly, in the interaction of law enforcement agencies (primarily the penal enforcement system and internal affairs bodies). The implementation of measures to prevent recidivism, based on a scientific analysis of the operational situation, criminological research data and the forecast of the state of crime, will allow employees of the penal enforcement system and internal affairs agencies to systematically carry out preventive and preventive work with persons in correctional institutions (during the period of serving a sentence) and at their place of residence, work or training (in post-retirement period). Measures to prevent recidivism should correspond to the realities of the socio-economic development of the regions and comprehensive crime prevention plans. For the effective implementation of these activities, it is necessary to form among the employees of institutions of the penal enforcement system an awareness of the need to apply theoretical knowledge in professional activities, a sense of responsibility in the performance of professional duties. The penal enforcement system, as a subject of prevention of recidivism, qualitatively performs the tasks assigned to it, however, the stability of indicators characterizing the state of recidivism indicates the need to develop additional measures for its prevention and prevention.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ УЧЕТА ПОСТПЕНИТЕНЦИАРНОГО РЕЦИДИВА

The article deals with one of the problems of modern criminology: the lack of a mechanism for accounting for post-penitentiary recidivism. The paper gives the concepts of post-penitentiary recidivism and post-penitentiary criminality. Analyzing official statistical data, the author concludes that they are insufficient for calculating the scale of post-penitentiary crime and analyzing its characteristics. Modern accounting systems are compared with the Soviet system of special accounting of post-penitentiary recidivism, built on a dynamic model. This provided much more information for calculating real indicators of post-penitentiary recidivism. In Russia, statistics mixes several subtypes of criminological recidivism: penological, post-penological, penitentiary and post-penitentiary recidivism. As a result, there are fewer opportunities to study the causes and factors that provoke each of these types of recidivism. Opportunities to develop an effective system of recidivism prevention are diminished. In addition, the terminology used by different accounting entities differs. Therefore, there is no possibility to study the real scale of both criminal (legal) and subtypes of criminological recidivism (including post-penitentiary). The article offers approximate calculations of the level of post-penitentiary recidivism on the basis of available statistical data. In conclusion, the author’s proposals for improving the systems of recording recidivism are formulated.

Looping Disruption: A Relational Mechanism Enhancing Treatment Readiness among Individuals Convicted of Sexual Offending?

Many convicted individuals do not enter or complete treatment programs in prisons, which limits effective rehabilitation and prevention of recidivism. Treatment readiness is suggested to be an important construct when addressing this problem. Nevertheless, the underlying processes (e.g., how readiness factors interact) are not well studied, and even less is known regarding readiness in the sub-population of individuals convicted of sexual offenses. This paper aims to open up the "black box" and explore psychosocial and context-specific processes behind treatment readiness from the vantage point of the individuals' lived experiences. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 adult men convicted of sexual offenses in Swedish prisons, treatment participants (N = 13) as well as non-participants (N = 6). The thematic analysis illustrates readiness obstacles in terms of unintended antagonistic forces in the correctional system operating in the opposite direction of rehabilitative objectives. Nonetheless, a hypothesized relational mechanism, looping disruption, initiated by a non-punitive and supportive response (from prison staff, therapists, close ones, or inmates) to the convicted individual's negative behaviors or emotions, appeared to reverse such negative, punitive loops, contributing to the mobilization of treatment readiness. Implications for theory, policy, and practice are discussed.

Leading practices of development of probation service

Relevance. Criminal punishment is a legal consequence of the committed crime. The probation institute exists as an alternative to imprisonment and is aimed at the rehabilitation and correction of offenders, the prevention of crimes, and the provision of social assistance to convicts.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to identify the main directions in world practice that exist in the field of re-education of convicts and the prevention of relapse in the future. The tasks of the study should include the study of the features of the organizational and legal activities of the probation service and their employees, the practice of preventing such crimes in different countries, as well as familiarization with the main means of overcoming such problems in the process of law enforcement.Methodology. The main methods of scientific research were analysis and synthesis, with the help of which different methods and approaches were identified in resolving the issue of reforming convicts and analysing new approaches to convicted persons who committed various crimes and belong to different segments of the population.Results. As a result of the study, an analysis was made of international practice regarding the rehabilitation and correction of people who are serving a suspended sentence, as well as the correctional system, in particular, penitentiary probation in different countries. Familiarization with various methods, tools, rehabilitation programs, experiments in the field of corrective justice was carried out. Based on the fundamental documents that regulate the processes of parole, the opinions of legal scholars concluded that the humanization of criminal processes has a positive result not only for those convicted of crimes, but also for the welfare of society as a whole. A comparison was made between the use of imprisonment and parole. An analysis of the criteria for the correction of convicts was carried out, taking into account their age, gender, and social status.Conclusions. Based on the results of the analysis, an assessment was made of the factors that influence the degree of reduction in the social danger of a probationer, as well as the prevention of recidivism. Based on the results of this study, new approaches and methods were proposed for the introduction of probation officers into the correctional service, including non-traditional ones, such as victimization, and mediation.

Структурно-функциональная модель отношений криминогенной личности к социальному окружению

the article considers the issues of studying and describing the relations of a criminal personality to the social environment. The practical and scientific relevance of studying social relations is noted. Attention is focused on the role of relations in criminalization and resocialization of personality. The lack of ideas about determinants of relations of a criminogenic personality is stated. 
 The aim of the study is to develop a model of relations of criminogenic personality.
 The methodological basis of the study is the system approach. 
 The concept of "criminogenic personality" is defined and characterized. Theoretical information about the significance of personality attitudes to others is given. Morphological, structural and functional approaches to study of relations are described. The assumption about the validity of the structural-functional version of the system approach is formulated. The concept of relations is defined together with the model of relations to others. System-forming significance is given to the complex of criminogenic personality traits. Structural components of relationship are divided into subject and object parts. Functional components are considered in context of complicity of others in satisfaction of needs and change of self-relationship of a criminogenic personality.
 The area of applying the results is the prevention of recidivism. 
 The novelty of the work is a model describing the relations of a criminogenic person. 
 In conclusion, scientific and methodological prospects of application of developed structural and functional model are discussed. The scientific perspective is the conceptualization of relations. The methodological perspective consists in operationalization of the model in the form of a questionnaire used for psychological support of convicts.

MÜKERRER SUÇ İŞLEYEN HÜKÜMLÜLERİN MADDE KULLANIM ÖZELLİKLERİ VE DÜRTÜSELLİK DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Prevention of recidivism is the most important goal of today's criminal justice system. The aim of this study, which was designed in a cross-sectional design, was to examine the impulsivity levels and addiction characteristics of convicts with recidivism behavior and to reveal the factors that may be related. The sample of the study consisted of 230 male convicts in four different penal execution institutions; 100 of whom having a one-time offense history, and 130 with a history of recidivism. Personal information form, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) and Addiction Profile Index (API) were used as data collection tools. The findings of the study showed that lifetime substance use and risky substance use rates of recidivists were statistically significant compared to those without recidivism; impulsivity scores of recidivists were significantly higher than those of first-time offenders; and impulsive behavior increased as the severity of addiction increased in recidivists. As a result of the research, it was revealed that substance use and impulsivity may be a risk factor for re-offending. In this sense, it is thought that it is very important to carry out intervention programs effectively in both penal institutions and probation directorates within the criminal justice system in order to prevent recidivism and support rehabilitation.

The benefits of implementing IPA psychiatry and mental health in prisons

Supporting people placed under house arrest is a contemporary challenge. Between popular demand for risk control, judicial demand for recidivism prevention and hospital prerogatives, the articulation between care providers is often perilous. The advanced practice nurse plays a key role in the transition from inside to outside.

출소자 긴급지원 문제점 및 전달체계 개선방안 연구

This study proposes alternatives for improving the delivery system of emergency welfare support for ex-prisoners, particularly suggesting ways to integrate the emergency support system with the rehabilitative welfare system. The aim is to propose alternatives for ex-prisoners' independence and recidivism prevention. Based on existing research data, this study explores the current status, trends, and operational issues of emergency welfare support. It identifies issues and key points of contention in emergency welfare support for ex-prisoners. Drawing from this analysis, the study aims to present policy alternatives and development strategies to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the emergency welfare support system for ex-prisoners.
 The study results reveal a continuous and sharp increase in the number of cases and the amount of support provided through the emergency welfare support. Among these, the number of support cases for ex-prisoners has drastically risen from 1,135 cases in 2014 to 49,513 cases in 2020. Given the nature of the emergency support system, the entire process, from application-related investigations to decisions, disbursement management, and post-assessment, is carried out by dedicated personnel in a one-stop delivery system. This has led to burdens on frontline local government agencies due to heavy workloads and stresses from public complaints. Notably, many challenges have been raised concerning support for ex-prisoners.
 Consequently, this study aims to discuss integrated community services by proposing a delivery system and case management system linkage and improvement approach with the Korea Rehabilitation Agency responsible for ex-prisoners' recidivism prevention and social integration.

Strengthening of Detention Management for the Prevention of Recidivism of Female Inmates

Strengthening of Detention Management for the Prevention of Recidivism of Female Inmates

Sexual Misconduct: What Does a 20-Year Review of Cases in Quebec Reveal about the Characteristics of Professionals, Victims, and the Disciplinary Process?

While there is a considerable body of literature on sexual aggression, we know much less about the violation of sexual boundaries within professional relationships. To address this knowledge gap, the characteristics of cases of sexual misconduct in the province of Quebec were extracted, based on a search of published disciplinary decisions between 1998 and 2020, using the legal databases CANLII and SOQUIJ. The search yielded 296 decisions including 249 male and 47 female members from 22 professional orders, and involving 470 victims. Results indicate that male professionals approaching mid-career accounted for a greater proportion of cases of sexual misconduct. Moreover, physical and mental health professionals were overrepresented in cases, as were female adult victims. Acts of sexual misconduct concerned mostly sexual touching and intercourse and occurred during consultations. Female professionals were more inclined to establish romantic and sexual relationships with clients than their male counterparts. Of the 92.0% of professionals found guilty of at least one count of sexual misconduct, two thirds eventually returned to practice. Following the guilty verdict, few faced rehabilitative measures. Recommendations are provided for the prevention of sexual recidivism and the accompaniment of victims of sexual misconduct throughout the disciplinary process.

Improvement of preventive probational measures for juvenile offenders

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing preventive measures and measures of probation for juvenile offenders, identification of new relevant means to prevent the recidivism by minors. Technique. The technique includes comprehensive analysis, generalization of available scientific and theoretical material, formulation of relevant decisions and recommendations. The following cognitive methods were used: terminological, logical-semantic, functional, systematic-structural, logical-normative. Results. In the process of research it was determined that at today’s stage of development of our state the prevention of juvenile delinquency and prevention of recidivism of offences committed by them occupies one of the priority places. Gaining independence of the state, formation of a new economic and politico-legal system sets new tasks before the Ukrainian people. Solving of these problems directly depends on the degree of development of public legal awareness and legal culture of the society, as they are interdependent with the process of state formation in the state. It is impossible to build democratic, social, legal state without fundamental understanding of law, legal awareness and legal culture. Scientific novelty. In the process of investigation it is established that it is worse adding a program that will contribute to the education of public legal awareness and legal culture to the existing probationary programs applicable to juvenile offenders. Practical significance. The results of the research paper can be used in law-making and law-enforcement activities during probation by minors.

Managing Violent Extremist Clients in Prison and Probation Services: A Scoping Review

ABSTRACT The literature on terrorism and the rehabilitation of terrorists is growing continuously, but primary studies of high quality are still scarce. In many countries, the number of clients convicted of terrorist offences is increasing. As such, prison and probation services serve as important actors in the prevention of recidivism and radicalisation. This scoping review identifies viable management and treatment methods and approaches to (a) prevent violent extremism in prison and probation services, and (b) manage violent extremist clients in prison and probation services. The findings of twenty-seven primary studies highlight the importance of so-called soft approaches by building trust and resilience among violent extremist clients, and facilitating their prosocial engagement. Strength-based models could be considered as an alternative to the predominant risk-oriented practices in prison and probation services.