Recent Negative Events Research Articles

Impact of occupation and war losses on mental health and the subjective well-being of civilians: on the example of residents of Kharkiv and Kharkiv region under the conditions of full-scale invasion of Russia in Ukraine

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of traumatic experience, in particular, related to being in the occupation, and losses in the war, on the mental health of the civilians who live near the hostilities or their epicenter (using the example of residents of the city of Kharkiv and the Kharkiv region). Conceptualized concepts of traumatic situation, traumatic experience, characterization of war losses (human, property, financial, material losses; loss of work; loss of physical and / or psychological health and loss of peace, etc.). The results of an empirical study of the mental state of civilians of Kharkiv and the Kharkiv region are presented (n = 730). In particular, according to the results of the correlation analysis, it was proven that respondents with occupation experience have more problems with sleep, in the cognitive and emotional spheres. They are more likely to believe that they have experienced a serious trauma, more often note the desire to drink alcohol before feeling intoxicated. Among them, there are more often those who are haunted by memories of recent negative events, in which paranoid moods are more common. It is noted that despite the significant losses suffered by representatives of the civilian population of Kharkiv region during the period of the full-scale invasion of Russia, they do not lose their positive attitude and self-belief, have certain achievements and value them highly, are goal-oriented, and are satisfied with family and personal relationships. However, losses still affect mental health and subjective well-being, in particular, significant losses (of loved ones, friends, one’s own home, etc.) can cause more pronounced physical and mental discomfort.

Episodic Future Thinking Reduces Delay Discounting of Gains and Losses: The Role of Regulatory Focus

AbstractWe examined the moderating effect of regulatory foci on the efficacy of episodic future thinking in reducing delay discounting. We hypothesized that the impact of imagining positive future events (vs. recent positive events) on delay discounting of gains would be stronger for individuals with a high promotion focus than for those with a high prevention focus (Hypothesis 1). Conversely, the effects of imagining adverse future events (vs. recent negative events) on delay discounting of losses would be stronger for individuals with a high prevention focus than for those with a high promotion focus (Hypothesis 2). We conducted two experiments in which participants, randomly allocated to episodic future thinking (EFT) or episodic recent thinking (ERT) groups, completed a delayed discounting task of gain (Experiment 1) or loss (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 (N = 73) weakly supported Hypothesis 1; Experiment 2 (N = 99) did not support Hypothesis 2. Our findings suggest positive EFT is particularly effective for individuals with a high promotion focus compared to individuals with a high prevention focus, which further reveals how EFT attenuates delay discounting.

Exploring the Engaged Worker over Time-A Week-Level Study of How Positive and Negative Work Events Affect Work Engagement.

Although work events can be regarded as pivotal elements of organizational life, only a few studies have examined how positive and negative events relate to and combine to affect work engagement over time. Theory suggests that, to better understand how current events affect work engagement (WE), we have to account for recent events that have preceded these current events. We present competing theoretical views on how recent and current work events may affect employees (e.g., getting used to a high frequency of negative events or becoming more sensitive to negative events). Although the occurrence of events implies discrete changes in the experience of work, prior research has not considered whether work events actually accumulate to sustained mid-term changes in WE. To address these gaps in the literature, we conducted a week-level longitudinal study across a period of 15 consecutive weeks among 135 employees, which yielded 849 weekly observations. While positive events were associated with higher levels of WE within the same week, negative events were not. Our results support neither satiation nor sensitization processes. However, a high frequency of negative events in the preceding week amplified the beneficial effects of positive events on WE in the current week. Growth curve analyses show that the benefits of positive events accumulate to sustain high levels of WE. WE dissipates in the absence of a continuous experience of positive events. Our study adds a temporal component by highlighting that positive events affect work engagement, particularly in light of recent negative events. Our study informs research that has taken a feature-oriented perspective on the dynamic interplay of job demands and resources.

Advanced emotion understanding: Children's and adults' knowledge that minds generalize from prior emotional events.

We examined an advanced form of emotion understanding in 4- to 10-year-olds and adults (N = 264): Awareness that people's minds generalize from past emotional episodes to bias how they feel, think, and make decisions in new situations. Participants viewed scenarios on an eye tracker, each featuring an initial perpetrator who caused a character to feel positively (P) and/or negatively (N) in 2-event sequences (NN, PP, NP, PN). Later, the character encountered a new agent who was highly similar to the initial perpetrator. Participants predicted the character's affective reactions (emotions, thoughts, decisions) to the unknown agent while we recorded their eye movements to past episodes. Participants also judged characters' emotions upon seeing additional agents, who differed in degree of similarity to the initial perpetrator. Four- to 5-year-olds discounted pasts with initial perpetrators-believing instead that characters would feel happy, anticipate good, and approach new agents. In contrast, adults exhibited robust beliefs that people generalize from past emotional experiences: They attributed more positive responses to new agents following PP > NP > PN > NN pasts, and they expected characters to have biased emotional reactions to even somewhat dissimilar new agents. Between 6 and 10 years, children increasingly assumed that the past would have a biasing impact; however, they drew stricter boundaries than did adults. Eye-tracking analyses revealed that all age groups attended to characters' emotional past histories when reasoning about reactions to new agents (especially negative events), adults prioritized recent negative events in PN pasts, and participants' attention biases to past event information correlated with their reasoning about emotion generalization. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in a sample of 5,979 Italian Online Gamers

Background: The prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in the Italian population of gamers is unknown. Several risk factors, including time spent playing (TSP), are proposed as an epiphenomenon of emotional dysregulation. Methods: The study estimated the prevalence of IGD in at-risk Italian online gamers, and the interplay between alexithymia and other risk factors. 5,979 responders were surveyed. IGDS-SF9 estimated pathological gaming. TAS-20 measured Difficult in Identifying (DIF) and Describing Feelings (DDF), and Externally Oriented Thinking (EOT). Results: 43% of participants had pathological IGD scores. Male gender (OR=1.2, 95% C.I.=1, 1.5, p=0.019), TSP (OR=7.6, 95% C.I.=5.5, 10.6, p<0.001), DIF (OR=1.5, 95% C.I.=1.1, 2.1, p=0.003), boredom/loneliness feelings (OR=1.8, 95% C.I.=1.5, 2, p<0.001), recent negative events (OR=1.1, 95% C.I.=1, 1.3, p=0.026), and a behavioral addiction (OR=2.1, 95% C.I.=1.2, 3.9, p=0.009) independently increased its risk. Conclusions: Almost one on two players joining online communities presented IGD. Some risk factors were crucial, including TSP, independently from emotional dysregulation.

Rape, Child Sexual Abuse, and Mental Health in a Brazilian National Sample.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported rape and its associations with other forms of violence and mental health outcomes. The Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey is a probabilistic household survey that collected data from 4,283 Brazilians aged 14 years and older in 2012. The prevalence of rape was 2.3% (n = 107) and the majority (n = 81) of rapes were reported by women. Female gender increased the chances of rape (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.7, 4.3]). Adults aged 35 to 46 years (AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = [1.2, 4.4]) and being without religion (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = [1.3, 3.8]) were also associated with increased chances of rape. Participants with a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) were 16.5 times (95% CI = [10.1, 26.7]) more likely to report having been raped. Other outcomes related to been raped were history of child prostitution (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI = [2.1, 13.4]) and witnesses of violence during childhood (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI = [1.5, 3.8]). People without social support (AOR≅3, 95% CI = [1.8, 4.3]), victims of multiple recent negative events (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI = [2.4, 5.8]), people with depression (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI = [1.7, 3.9]), history of suicidal ideation (AOR = 3.8, 95% CI = [2.0, 7.1]), and history of suicide attempts (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = [1.1, 4.3]) are other outcomes related to having been raped. In this sample, rape was related to gender and to other forms of violence and victimization. Self-reports of rape appear to underestimate the true prevalence as the figures obtained from the survey were low. Other methods should be used to investigate this issue.

The Effects of Recency and Numerical Uncertainty Estimates on Overcautiousness

AbstractThe four experiments reported here tested the impact of recent negative events on decision-making. Participants were given a virtual budget to spend on crops of varying costs and payoffs that, in some cases, depended on drought conditions. Participants made 46 decisions based on either deterministic or probabilistic seasonal climate predictions. Participants experienced a sequence of droughts either immediately prior to the target trials (recent condition) or early in the sequence (distant condition). In experiment 1, participants made overly cautious crop choices when droughts were experienced recently. Subsequent experiments probed the cognitive mechanisms involved. The effect of recency on overcautiousness was reduced by a midexperiment message, although it did not matter whether the message described a changed or consistent venue and time period. This suggests that overcautiousness was not caused by deducing a climatic trend in the particular area. Instead, we argue that availability—events that are easier to recall are judged to be more likely—was the major cause for increased cautiousness following recent droughts. Importantly, probabilistic predictions attenuated the impact of recency, inspired greater trust, and allowed participants to make better decisions overall than did deterministic predictions. Implications are discussed.

PTSD as a consequence of past conflict experience, recent exposure to violence and economic marginalization in post-conflict contexts: A study from Nepal, Guatemala and Northern Ireland.

Exposure to war and conflict increases the risk of mental health problems. Poor living conditions are known to negatively impact mental health. It is hypothesized that exposure to negative events after armed conflict interacts with past negative experiences, socioeconomic factors and current mental health problems. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in three contexts of previous internal armed conflict: Nepal, Guatemala and Northern Ireland. Three nationally representative samples were drawn, comprising a net sample of 3,229 respondents. Both recent negative events and past negative events linked to the previous conflicts were found to be associated with elevated risk of post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD). Economic marginalization and urban residency also contributed to current risk of PTSD. The results support the study hypothesis that both past and recent negative events in combination with economic marginalization contribute to explain current risk of PTSD. It is necessary both to improve living conditions more broadly and to establish and develop health services that have the capacity to screen, prevent and treat mental health problems also in poor contexts, in particular against a background of previous armed conflict.

Sleep Quality and the Subjective Experience of Autobiographical Memory: Differential Associations by Memory Valence and Temporality

SummaryThe primary goal of the present research was to examine associations between sleep quality and the subjective experience of autobiographical events. In an online study, 141 university students reported on past events that varied by valence (positive or negative) and temporality (most significant or from the previous 2 weeks); they also completed measures of sleep quality and depression. Relative to participants with good sleep quality, participants with poor sleep quality thought more about their negative experiences, reported negative events that occurred more frequently, and used more negative emotion words when describing recent negative events. In some instances, depressive symptoms mediated the relation between sleep quality and elements of autobiographical reports. Future experimental work should examine the directionality of these effects, with the ultimate goal of improving sleep quality, mental health, and the manner in which individuals discuss and make meaning of their negative life events. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Suicide Risk Assessment by Residents: Deficiencies of Documentation.

The authors sought to assess the documentation of suicide risk assessments performed by psychiatry residents in a psychiatric emergency service (PES) and to identify differences in documentation between previously used paper charts and a new electronic medical record (EMR) system based on the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)-risk assessment version. This study is a retrospective chart review of psychiatric evaluations performed by psychiatry residents during a 1-year period in the PES of a large, urban, academic medical center. The sample was selected by a systematic random sampling technique from a total of 3931 evaluations performed on adult patients during the study period. The suicide risk assessments were evaluated using data regarding demographics, process indicators identified from the C-SSRS, and diagnoses. A total of 300 charts were reviewed. Only 91% of the evaluations contained documentation of suicidal ideations (either admitted or denied); 5 other variables were documented in more than 50% of the evaluations: treatment status (95.3%), presence/absence of previous suicide attempts (84.6%), recent event-denies (56%), history of recent negative events (55%), and suicidal behavior-denies (53%). Additionally, 2 risk factors and 3 protective factors were documented in over 25% of the evaluations. Documentation was deficient in multiple areas, with even the presence/absence of suicidal ideations not being documented in all evaluations. Use of an EMR with built-in "clickable" options selectively improved documentation especially regarding risk and protective factors adapted from the C-SSRS. Emphasis on documentation of assessments is paramount while training residents in suicide risk assessment.

The related factors of post-stroke depression and nursing intervention in patients with motor aphasia

Objective To explore the related factors and nursing interventional methods of depression in patients with motor aphasia after stroke. Methods The Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire-Hospital version (SADQ-H) was used to diagnose depression of 271 patients with motor aphasia after stroke. The association of post-stroke depression with social factors, vascular risk factors and stroke features were analyzed. The relationship between depression severity and aphasia severity were analyzed. A total of 166 patients with depression were divided into the control group and the observation group to carry out different nursing interventional methods. Results The incidence of post-stroke depression in patients with motor aphasia was 61.3% (166/271). The occurrence of post-stroke depression was correlated with female (χ2=5.580, P=0.02) , age less than 60 years old (χ2=4.390, P=0.04) , living alone (χ2=5.400, P=0.02) , recent negative events (χ2=4.420, P=0.04). The multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of post-stroke depression was independently associated with female (OR= 2.58, 95%CI 2.12-3.86, P < 0.01), age less than 60 years old (OR= 2.62, 95%CI 2.16-3.94, P < 0.01), living alone (OR= 2.59, 95%CI 2.13-3.92, P < 0.01). After 4 weeks of nursing intervention, there were significant differences in SADQ-H scores (t=2.94, P = 0.002) and distribution of Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) (χ2= 14.045, P=0.000) between the control group and the observation group. Conclusions Female, ages less than 60 years old, living alone are independent risk factors of post-stroke depression in motor aphasia patients. The degree of depression is associated with aphasia severity. The early nursing intervention can improve the depression status and promote recovery of the language function of patients with motor aphasia after stroke. Key words: Aphasia, broca; Stroke; Risk factors; Nursing care; Post-stroke depression

A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Child-Centered Therapy for Child Anxiety Disorders

This study compared individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and a supportive child-centered therapy (CCT) for child anxiety disorders on rates of treatment response and recovery at posttreatment and 1-year follow-up, as well as on real-world measures of emotional functioning. Youth (N = 133; ages 9–14) with anxiety disorders (generalized, separation, and/or social anxiety) were randomized using a 2:1 ratio to CBT (n = 90) or CCT (n = 43), which served as an active comparison. Treatment response and recovery at posttreatment and 1-year follow-up were assessed by Independent Evaluators, and youth completed ecological momentary assessment of daily emotions throughout treatment. The majority of youth in both CBT and CCT were classified as treatment responders (71.1% for CBT, 55.8% for CCT), but youth treated with CBT were significantly more likely to fully recover, no longer meeting diagnostic criteria for any of the targeted anxiety disorders and no longer showing residual symptoms (66.7% for CBT vs. 46.5% for CCT). Youth treated with CBT also reported significantly lower negative emotions associated with recent negative events experienced in daily life during the latter stages of treatment relative to youth treated with CCT. Furthermore, a significantly higher percentage of youth treated with CBT compared to CCT were in recovery at 1-year follow-up (82.2% for CBT vs. 65.1% for CCT). These findings indicate potential benefits of CBT above and beyond supportive therapy on the breadth, generalizability, and durability of treatment-related gains.

Scientific Content Analysis (SCAN) Cannot Distinguish Between Truthful and Fabricated Accounts of a Negative Event.

The Scientific Content Analysis (SCAN) is a verbal veracity assessment method that is currently used worldwide by investigative authorities. Yet, research investigating the accuracy of SCAN is scarce. The present study tested whether SCAN was able to accurately discriminate between true and fabricated statements. To this end, 117 participants were asked to write down one true and one fabricated statement about a recent negative event that happened in their lives. All statements were analyzed using 11 criteria derived from SCAN. Results indicated that SCAN was not able to correctly classify true and fabricated statements. Lacking empirical support, the application of SCAN in its current form should be discouraged.

A Comparison of Repetitive Negative Thinking and Post-Event Processing in the Prediction of Maladaptive Social-Evaluative Beliefs: A Short-Term Prospective Study

Theoretical models propose that transdiagnostic and disorder-specific repetitive thinking processes each interact with individual environmental conditions to predict symptoms. The current study aimed to test this hypothesis in the context of social anxiety. Specifically, we aimed to predict future maladaptive social-evaluative beliefs (high standard, conditional, and unconditional beliefs) from: (a) the transdiagnostic tendency to engage in repetitive negative thinking (RNT), (b) the social anxiety-specific tendency to engage in post-event processing (PEP), and (c) the interaction of these repetitive thinking tendencies with the frequency of recent negative social events and social anxiety levels. An initial undergraduate sample (N = 331) was recruited and 215 participants completed measures of the constructs of interest at two time points within an acceptable timeframe (average 8.44 days apart). Using hierarchical linear modelling, significant interactions were only obtained for conditional and unconditional beliefs with a specific component of PEP that focuses on thinking about the past involved in prediction. Follow-up simple slopes analyses indicated mainly no change in these beliefs or decreasing trajectories over time for different combinations of levels on the predictor variables. However, for participants with high social anxiety levels who experienced a high number of recent negative social events, those who reported low levels of thinking about the past exhibited a pattern of increasing trajectories for conditional and unconditional beliefs. These findings indicate that RNT and PEP differ in their ability to predict social-evaluative beliefs, and highlight the importance of research comparing different types of repetitive thinking to better understand these processes.

Identifying employed multiple sclerosis patients at-risk for job loss: When do negative work events pose a threat?

BackgroundPhysical disability and cognitive impairment are significant predictors of unemployment in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about the frequency of work problems in employed patients, in comparison to employed healthy persons. ObjectiveUse an online monitoring tool to compare the frequency of negative work events in MS patients and healthy controls, and determine a threshold at which the frequency of work problems is clinically meaningful. MethodsThe sample comprised 138 MS patients and 62 healthy controls. All reported on recent negative work events and accommodations using an online survey. The clinical test battery measured depression, motor and cognitive function. Statistical tests compared the frequency of work problems in MS patients and healthy controls. Clinical neuro-performance scales were then assessed in at-risk patients with many work problems, versus those with no work problems. ResultsAs a group, employed MS patients exhibited deficits in motor ability, verbal memory, and processing speed and were more likely than controls to report negative work events and accommodations. At-risk patients, that is, those reporting more than one negative work event, had more pronounced motor and cognitive deficits than their relatively stable counterparts. ConclusionThe data show that employed MS patients report more negative work events and accommodations than employed healthy persons. Those patients deemed at risk for job loss have more cognitive and motor impairment, suggesting the need for cognitive training and specific accommodation strategies in the work place.

RANO NEGATIVNO ISKUSTVO KAO REGULATOR REAKTIVNOSTI NA STRES

Najveći broj modela koji se bave efektima negativnih iskustava u detinjstvu, pretpostavlja da rana averzivna iskustva imaju ulogu moderatora koji menja način na koji će osoba reagovati na aktuelne životne stresore. Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je provera osnovnih postavki modela senzitizacije na stres i modela inokulacije stresa. Istraživanje je longitudinalnog tipa, sa tri ponovljena merenja, u intervalima od oko 6 meseci. Ispitano je 293 ispitanika (80% ženskog pola), prosečne starosti 20.56 godina. U 1. fazi ispitanici su izveštavali o negativnim iskustvima u porodičnom kontekstu u periodu detinjstva, u 2. fazi su popunjavali listu negativnih životnih događaja u prethodnih šest meseci, a u 3. fazi su dali podatke o aktuelnim simptomima distresa. Rezultati potvrđuju početnu pretpostavku o moderatorskoj ulozi ranih negativnih iskustava u relaciji između aktuelnih stresora i nivoa distresa, i u skladu su sa modelom saturacije stresa koji pripada grupi modela o senzitizaciji na stres. Postoji pozitivna povezanost između broja aktuelnih stresora i nivoa distresa, ali samo kod ispitanika koji su imali nizak i umeren nivo izloženosti ranim averzivnim iskustvima. Ispitanici sa visokim nivoom negativnih ranih iskustava izveštavaju o povišenom nivou distresa nezavisno od broja aktuelnih stresora. Kada se uporede ispitanici sa malim i umerenim nivoom ranog negativnog iskustva u situacijama sa malim brojem aktuelnih stresora, kao adekvatniji model se pokazuje model inokulacije stresa, jer ispitanici sa umerenim nivoom negativnih iskustava, kada se nađu u situaciji malog broja stresora, ispoljavaju najniži distres.

South Pacific circulation changes and their connection to the tropics and regional Antarctic warming in austral spring, 1979–2012

AbstractAfter 1979, statistically significant warming in Antarctica is only observed in austral spring (September–November, SON) across West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula. While previous work has linked this warming to reductions in sea ice cover, we note that a substantial (30–60%) portion of the warming is related to changes in the SON atmospheric circulation. In particular, western Antarctic Peninsula warming is consistent with increasing pressure in the South Atlantic, while western West Antarctica warming is tied to a deepening of the Amundsen Sea low near the eastern Ross Sea. While both of these circulation changes are associated with increased warm, northerly flow toward the Antarctic continent, they are connected with different aspects of tropical variability. The increase in pressure in the South Atlantic is associated with a trend toward more La Niña‐like conditions in the tropical Pacific, and an associated Rossby wave train. In contrast, the deepening of the Amundsen Sea low is more strongly tied to a shift in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) toward its negative phase since the 1990s. Compared to typical La Niña events, the recent negative PDO events display a different tropical forcing, which drives a Rossby wave train that propagates more meridionally across the South Pacific, culminating in the eastern Ross Sea, rather than in the South Atlantic. The results suggest multiple independent forcing mechanisms governing the SON pressure trends and associated Antarctic Peninsula and West Antarctica warming after 1979, which partially cancel each other out in the Amundsen Sea and portions of eastern West Antarctica.

Older Adults are Highly Responsive to Recent Events During Decision-Making.

Recent work suggests that older adults' decision-making behavior is highly affected by recent events. In the present work younger and older adults performed a two-choice task where one option provided a larger average reward, but there was a large amount of noise around the mean reward for each option which led to sharp improvements or declines in rewards over trials. Older adults showed greater responsiveness to recent events than younger adults as evidenced by fits of Reinforcement Learning (RL) models. Older adults were particularly sensitive to recent negative events, which was evidenced by a strong tendency for older adults to switch to the other option following steep declines in reward. This tendency led to superior performance for older adults in one condition where heightened sensitivity to recent negative events was advantageous. These results extend prior work that has found an older adult bias toward negative feedback, and suggest that older adults engage in more abrupt switching in response to negative outcomes than younger adults.

Improving patient safety in a UK dental hospital: long-term use of clinical audit.

The improvement of patient safety has been a long-term aim of healthcare organisations and following recent negative events within the UK, the focus on safety has rightly increased. For over twenty years, clinical audit has been the tool most frequently used to measure safety-related aspects of healthcare and when done so correctly, can lead to sustained improvements. This paper explains how clinical audit is used as a safety improvement tool in an English dental hospital and gives several examples of projects that have resulted in long-term improvements in secondary dental care.

Predictors of self-reported negative mood following a depressive mood induction procedure across previously depressed, currently anxious, and control individuals.

This study identified and examined a set of potential predictors of self-reported negative mood following a depressive mood induction procedure (MIP) in a sample of previously depressed, clinically anxious, and control participants. The examined predictor variables were selected on the basis of previous research and theories of depression, and included symptoms of depression and anxiety, negative and positive affect, negative and positive automatic thoughts, dysfunctional beliefs, rumination, self-concept, and occurrence and perceived unpleasantness of recent negative events. The sample consisted of 33 previously depressed, 22 currently anxious, and 26 non-clinical control participants, recruited from community sources. Participant group status was confirmed through structured diagnostic interviews. Participants completed the Velten negative self-statement MIP as well as self-report questionnaires of affective, cognitive, and psychosocial variables selected as potential predictors of mood change. Symptoms of anxiety were associated with increased self-reported negative mood shift following the MIP in previously depressed participants, but not clinically anxious or control participants. Increased occurrence of recent negative events was a marginally significant predictor of negative mood shift for the previously depressed participants only. None of the other examined variables was significant predictors of MIP response for any of the participant groups. These results identify factors that may increase susceptibility to negative mood states in previously depressed individuals, with implications for theory and prevention of relapse to depression. The findings also identify a number of affective, cognitive, and psychosocial variables that do not appear to influence mood change following a depressive MIP in previously depressed, currently anxious, and control individuals. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed. Current anxiety symptomatology was a significant predictor and occurrence of recent negative events was a marginally significant predictor of greater negative mood shift following the depressive mood induction for previously depressed individuals. None of the examined variables predicted change in mood following the depressive mood induction for currently anxious or control individuals. These results suggest that anxiety symptoms and experience with negative events may increase risk for experiencing depressive mood states among individuals with a vulnerability to depression. The generalizability of the present results to individuals with comorbid depression and anxiety is limited. Future research employing appropriate statistical approaches for confirmatory research is needed to test and confirm the present results.