Received Breast Milk Research Articles

A Comparison of Infant Feeding Practices in South Asian-Born Mothers and Australian-Born Mothers Living in Australia.

South Asian infants and children have a higher predisposition to central adiposity, increasing their risk of metabolic diseases in childhood. Infant feeding practices are a key factor in reducing the risk of obesity in children. The current study aimed to compare infant feeding practices of South Asian-born mothers to Australin-born mothers. The 2010 Australian National Infant Feeding Survey data were used to compare infant feeding practices between South Asian-born mothers and Australian-born mothers with children aged up to 2 years. Chi-square and t-tests were conducted, as well as regression models, with adjustment for covariates, to assess individual infant feeding practices between the two groups. A total of 298 South Asian-born mothers and 294 Australian-born mothers were included. The age at which a child stopped receiving breast milk was lower among Australian-born mothers (3 months) compared with South Asian-born mothers (5 months, p < 0.001). A greater proportion of South Asian-born mothers reported that solids were introduced at or after 6 months of age compared to Australian-born mothers (86% vs. 69%, p < 0.001, respectively). South Asian-born mothers were engaging in some health-promoting infant feeding practices compared to Australian-born mothers; however, they were not meeting the infant feeding guidelines for exclusive breastfeeding and the introduction of solids. Further research is needed to better understand factors influencing infant feeding practices in South Asian-born immigrant mothers in Australia to determine whether culturally tailored interventions are needed to help these women achieve optimal feeding practices for their infants.

Breastfeeding in PKU and Other Amino Acid Metabolism Disorders-A Single Centre Experience.

In addition to the numerous immunological and nutritional benefits that breast milk offers to infants, its proportion in the diet must be limited or even excluded in the case of inborn errors of amino acid metabolism (IEM). The objective of the study was to expand knowledge about breastfeeding and the degree of contribution of breast milk to the feeding of infants with IEM before and after the introduction of expanded newborn screening. A retrospective single-centre study was conducted on 127 infants born between 1997 and 2020: 66 with phenylketonuria (PKU), 45 with other IEM (non-PKU), all diagnosed through newborn screening (NBS), and 16 non-PKU diagnosed through selective screening (SS). The time of initiation of dietary treatment and the proportion of breast milk in the diet, both expressed and breastfed, with or without intake control, were analysed at 1, 3, and 6 months after birth. For 47% of the newborns in Groups 1 and 2, the dietary treatment was started before the 10th day of life; in Group 3, the dietary treatment was started after the 10th day of life for all children. During the first month of life, the proportion of infants receiving breast milk was higher in the NBS-PKU (74%) and the NBS non-PKU (80%) groups, compared with 38% in the SS non-PKU infants. In the subsequent months of life, the proportion of infants receiving human milk (either from the breast or a bottle) declined in all groups. This decline occurred more in bottle-fed rather than directly breast-fed infants. Our observations indicate that the model of feeding from a bottle with expressed milk may have had an adverse effect on maintaining lactation and may have contributed to a faster transition to formula milk. Maintaining lactation and extending the period of feeding the infant with human milk in the first 6 months of life is possible by breastfeeding on demand, under regular biochemical monitoring: preferably weekly in PKU infants, and at least every 2-4 weeks in infants with other IEM.

Cross-sectional study of determinants of undernutrition among children aged 6–36 months in Kabul, Afghanistan

ObjectivesThe current study aimed to find the distribution and factors associated with undernutrition among children aged 6–36 months in Kabul.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPublic Ataturk Children’s Hospital, Kabul.Participants385.MethodsA structured questionnaire was used to...

Evaluation of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices among Mothers of Children Aged 0 to 59 Months in the Rural Commune of Sinder, Tillabery, Niger

Feeding practices play a major role in the nutritional status of children (WHO/UNICEF, 2009). The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers of children aged 0 to 59 months in the rural commune of Sinder. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, which involved a representative and random sample of mothers of children aged 0 to 59 months. A questionnaire was completed through a structured interview. The data were collected with ODK software then analyzed with SPSS and Epi Info version 7.2 software. A total of 250 mother/child couples were enrolled. About 58% of newborns receive breast milk as their first food and 42% received pre-lacteal fluids. The majority of children are put to the breast early, including 55.2% immediately after birth and 34.4% within the next 24 hours, but 10.4% wait more than 24 hours. 66.4% of mothers say they have been made aware of EBF practices by health workers and 33.6% by those close to the mother. Around 37% of mothers say they do not believe in the nutritional and health benefits of EBF. Only 44% of infants receive EBF up to 6 months. The average duration of EBF is 4.4± 2.77 months. Among children receiving other foods in addition to breast milk before their sixth month, 56% receive water, 32.8% receive a herbal decoction, 45.6% take family meals, 50.4% drink the porridge. The practice of EBF in the rural commune of Sinder is suboptimal.

Gut microbiota in preterm infants receiving breast milk or mixed feeding.

Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality in newborns, with very-low-birth-weight infants usually experiencing several complications. Breast milk is considered the gold standard of nutrition, especially for preterm infants with delayed gut colonization, because it contains beneficial microorganisms, such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. To analyze the gut microbiota of breastfed preterm infants with a birth weight of 1500 g or less. An observational study was performed on preterm infants with up to 36.6 wk of gestation and a birth weight of 1500 g or less, born at the University Hospital Dr. José Eleuterio González at Monterrey, Mexico. A total of 40 preterm neonates were classified into breast milk feeding (BM) and mixed feeding (MF) groups (21 in the BM group and 19 in the MF group), from October 2017 to June 2019. Fecal samples were collected before they were introduced to any feeding type. After full enteral feeding was achieved, the composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Numerical variables were compared using Student's t-test or using the Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric variables. Dominance, evenness, equitability, Margalef's index, Fisher's alpha, Chao-1 index, and Shannon's diversity index were also calculated. No significant differences were observed at the genus level between the groups. Class comparison indicated higher counts of Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria in the initial compared to the final sample of the BM group (P < 0.011). In addition, higher counts of Gammaproteobacteria were detected in the final than in the initial sample (P = 0.040). According to the Margalef index, Fisher's alpha, and Chao-1 index, a decrease in species richness from the initial to the final sample, regardless of the feeding type, was observed (P < 0.050). The four predominant phyla were Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, with Proteobacteria being the most abundant. However, no significant differences were observed between the initial and final samples at the phylum level. Breastfeeding is associated with a decrease in Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria and an increase of Gammaproteobacteria, contributing to the literature of the gut microbiota structure of very low-birth-weight, preterm.

Diet quality and nutritional status of HIV-exposed children aged between 6 and 18 months in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana

IntroductionHIV-exposed children, even when uninfected, have a greater risk of malnutrition than unexposed counterparts. WHO guidelines recommend children aged 6–23 months be fed a variety of foods to meet nutrient requirements. This study aimed to determine infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices among HIV-exposed children under 2 years old enrolled in a dietary intervention and to explore correlates of the IYCF indicators and associations between IYCF and nutritional status.MethodologySix hundred and eighty mother–child pairs were recruited from 19 health facilities from the Greater Accra Region. The sociodemographic data, anthropometry, hemoglobin, and dietary intake were recorded.ResultsNinety-five percent of HIV-positive mothers breastfed their babies, and 53% initiated breastfeeding in a timely manner. Around one in five mothers (21%) introduced liquids other than breastmilk to their children within the first 2 days of birth, and only around one in four children (26%) aged 12–23 months had received breast milk on the day before assessment. Ninety-three percent of babies between 6 and 8 months had been introduced to solid, semi-solid, or soft foods. Eighteen percent of children reached the threshold for Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) by eating from over five of eight food groups. Fifty-four percent received Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF), eating between 2 and 4 meals in a day. Eleven percent received the Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD). Thirty-two percent were anemic. Underweight and stunting were 12 and 11%, respectively. Children of mothers aged 31–40 years were more likely to meet the MDD and MAD [OR = 2.8, 95%CI (1.185, 6.519), p &amp;lt; 0.05 and OR = 2.8, 95%CI (1.256, 6.279), p &amp;lt; 0.05] compared to children of mothers aged 30 years or less or aged above 40 years. Children from households earning more than GHS 500 were more likely to meet MMF than those from households earning less. No associations were found between IYCF and nutritional status.ConclusionFindings highlight the need for nutrition programs to educate HIV-exposed children’s caregivers on optimal feeding practices. The importance of continued breastfeeding and dietary diversity needs to be highlighted. Affordable, iron-rich foods should be promoted. Special attention should be paid to younger, less educated, and lower socioeconomic status mothers.

Prevalence and determinants of continued breastfeeding beyond 6 months among Algerian women. Evidence for Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys

Breastfeeding is considered the best nutrition for infants and plays a significant role in a child's growth and development. In this regard, the World Health Organization (WHO) strongly recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life, as well as continued breastfeeding when safe and appropriate complementary foods are introduced, up to 2 years of age or beyond. Nonetheless, breastfeeding practices remain sub-optimal in many parts of the world. In this respect, many children have shown not to be breastfed up to 6 months of age or are not breastfed during their first hours of life or are weaned too early. This allows for the use of infant formula, which can be life threatening due to poor hygiene, storage conditions or inappropriate foods. Likewise, breastfeeding rates in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are lower than the global average. In Algeria, the breastfeeding rate up to 6 months of age is among the lowest in the world according to previous Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys (MICS) reports. In addition, by the end of the sixth month, the percentage of children exclusively breastfed is less than 3% and only 23% of children receive breast milk at 22-23 months. The median duration of breast-feeding is 12 weeks. However, the socio-demographic factors associated with this sub-optimal breastfeeding practice are not explored in these reports, as studies and research conducted in this context using other data are few and mostly conducted in limited geographical areas. This stands for a descriptive cross-sectional study of all children who were breastfed in the MICS database, carried out in 2019, 8 709 children, including 4 471 boys and 4 238 girls, registered in the database. To explore factors associated with the duration of breastfeeding, we only included weaned children to minimize bias related to children who were still breastfeeding. This allowed to analyze data from 3 761 children, including 1 930 boys (5.4%) and 1,831 girls (48.6%). Through using a logistic regression model, we could attain the assessment of the role of different socio-demographic, economic and geographical factors in the maintenance of breastfeeding beyond 6 months. The prevalence of breastfeeding is 81.1%; the rate of exclusive breastfeeding of children aged 0-6 months is 28.7%. The factors associated with breastfeeding beyond six months are area of residence, mother's occupational status and wealth quintile. In fact, rural area appears to be a factor favoring the continuation of breastfeeding beyond six months, compared with urban area (OR = 1.29; CI [1.032-1.369]). Mothers living in the Eastern Highlands geographic region appear to be 1.56 times more likely to maintain breastfeeding for more than six months compared to those living in the Southern region (OR = 1.56; CI [1.123 - 1.677]). Children of non-working mothers are almost 1.5 times more likely to be breastfed after 6 months than those of working mothers (OR = 1.489; CI [1.107 - 1.947]). Parents belonging to the "richest" wealth quintiles appear to increase the chance of continued breastfeeding after 6 months with a 1.24-fold increase compared to those belonging to the "poorest" quintile (OR = 1.24; CI [1.086 - 1.812]). Factors such as the child's gender, maternal education level, and functional difficulties do not appear to be determining factors for the continuation of breastfeeding after six months. The prevalence and factors associated with the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding vary from one country to another. Notwithstanding the numerous studies to better comprehend mothers' breastfeeding behaviour and various initiatives for promotion thereof, many countries have low rates. In consequence, the downward trend in breastfeeding is directly linked to advances in the production and marketing of industrial milks, the lack of information and awareness among mothers and the lack of training of health professionals. In this respect, it is highly recommended to encourage behavioural changes, to improve communication about the duration of breastfeeding, to increase the use of postnatal counselling and training of paramedical staff according to the recommendations with support for mothers.This study is of great interest in developing countries like Algeria, in order to adopt preventive interventions, and to organise communication and pre- and post-natal counselling in the breastfeeding project. Clearly, this study should be enhanced with supplementary qualitative studies concerning the factors contributing to early discontinuation of breastfeeding.

Pelatihan Pijat Oketani Ibu Post Partum pada Kader Kesehatan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tulehu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah

Tulehu Community Health Centers is one of the community health centers in these work areas of the Central Maluku Regency Health Services. has 17 Posyandu with 85 active health cadres. There are IYCF Cadres who are representatives of the 17 Posyandu Health cadres. they were formed and trained in 2019. Exclusive breastfeeding coverage in the Tulehu Health Center working area is 32%, which is not yet according to the target of 40%. There were 129 babies, but only 41 people received breast milk. This happens because some mothers say that breast milk production is lacking (insufficient breast milk syndrome), so they give formula milk and additional food before 6 months, the activity aims is to increase the knowledge and skills of cadres in helping overcome breastfeeding problems in postpartum mothers. 20 cadres were targeted in the activities. The activities carried out consisted of providing oketani massage material demonstrations and re-demonstrations followed by independent practice a home using the learning models/media provided. The post-test results showed that there was an increase in knowledge from 7.1 to 92.26 and the skills assessment results were very good, namely 97.1. This indicates a very good achievement for the participants. It is hoped that regular monitoring and evaluation by midwives of the results of the oketani massage carried out by cadres will result in the problem of breastfeeding being resolved and the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding increasing.

Management of Expressed Breast Milk as a Strategy to Optimize of Exclusive Breastfeeding

Exclusive breastfeeding had many benefits for mothers and babies. Maternal employment was one of the factors that was closely related to the decline in exclusive breastfeeding coverage. Therefore, there was a need for education for mothers of toddlers to continue providing breast milk even though they were working. This community service program aimed to provide education to mothers of toddlers on how to manage expressed breast milk so that even though the mother was working, her child still received breast milk. The method used was to provide health education about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and procedures for managing expressed breast milk. The number of Posyandu Balita participants was 123 toddlers and their mothers, but around 61 toddlers and their mothers actively participated in Posyandu. The demographic target for this community service activity is mothers of toddlers who were registered at Posyandu and were willing to take part in educational activities until completion, they were 30 mothers of toddlers. After being given education, an evaluation was carried out by giving questions to participants. Increased knowledge was known when participants were able to answer questions after conducting outreach activities. Before education process 85% of participants said that they did not understand and after education process 100% participants said that they understood.

Breast milk preservation: thermal and non-thermal processes and their effect on microorganism inactivation and the content of bioactive and nutritional compounds.

Human Breast Milk (HBM) is widely acknowledged as the best nutritional source for neonates. Data indicates that, in 2019, 83.2% of infants in the United States received breast milk at birth, slightly reducing to 78.6% at 1 month. Despite these encouraging early figures, exclusive breastfeeding rates sharply declined, dropping to 24.9% by 6 months. This decline is particularly pronounced when direct breastfeeding is challenging, such as in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) and for working mothers. Given this, it is vital to explore alternative breast milk preservation methods. Technologies like Holder Pasteurization (HoP), High-Temperature Short-Time Pasteurization (HTST), High-Pressure Processing (HPP), UV radiation (UV), and Electric Pulses (PEF) have been introduced to conserve HBM. This review aims to enhance the understanding of preservation techniques for HBM, supporting the practice of extended exclusive breastfeeding. It explicitly addresses microbial concerns, focusing on critical pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Cytomegalovirus, and explores how various preservation methods can mitigate these risks. Additionally, the review highlights the importance of retaining the functional elements of HBM, particularly its immunological components such as antibodies and enzymes like lysozyme and Bile Salt Stimulated Lipase (BSSL). The goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of HBM treatment, critically assess existing practices, identify areas needing improvement, and advocate for extended exclusive breastfeeding due to its vital role in ensuring optimal nutrition and overall health in infants.

Evaluation of the Use of Digital Booklets on Increased Knowledge and Motivation of Pregnant Women in Exclusive Breastfeeding

Background: The main focus of the Indonesian Ministry of Health is to reduce the stunting rate, the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). Based on health profile data for 2019, there were 20,244 children aged 0-28 months who died, with the main cause of death being diarrhea. Exclusive breastfeeding has been shown to be effective in preventing stunting and reducing the risk of diarrhea. However, only 34% of babies at the Tirtamulya Health Center received breast milk, and far below the target of 48%. To increase awareness of the importance of breastfeeding, it is recommended to use a booklet containing information about the benefits of breastfeeding. The digital booklet is a version that can be accessed via mobile devices to make it easier to access information. Purpose of Writing: Describe the effect of digital booklets on the level of knowledge and motivation of third trimester pregnant women regarding exclusive breastfeeding at the Tirtamulya Health Center.Research Method : This study used a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test with the control group. A total of 15 pregnant women in the third trimester were selected as samples for each group. Purposive sampling method was used for sampling. The independent variable in this study was the provision of digital booklets and videos, while the dependent variable was the level of knowledge and motivation about exclusive breastfeeding in third trimester pregnant women. Data collection is done through Google Form. Data analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test and the Mann-Whitney test. Research results: Wilcoxon test of knowledge of the treatment group (p-value = 0.004), the control group (p-value = 0.008), the motivation of the treatment group (p-value = 0.002), the control group (p-value = 0.007). Mann Whitney test of knowledge (p-value = 0.017), motivation (p-value = 0.83). The treatment group had a mean value of knowledge and motivation that was greater than the control group. Conclusions and Suggestions: Digital booklets have a more significant effect on increasing the level of knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding among third trimester pregnant women compared to videos.

The investigation of serum phenylalanine levels based on infant feeding method: a cross-sectional study of children less than two years old with phenylketonuria (PKU)

BackgroundClinical advice may suggest discontinuing breastfeeding after the diagnosis of phenylketonuria in infants as the only effective way to monitor the newborn's intake and accurate measurement of phenylalanine (Phe). This study aims to investigate the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding, as well as its effect on serum Phe levels in infants with phenylketonuria at Education and Therapy Medical Center, Be'sat Hospital, Iran.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of 34 children under two years old diagnosed with phenylketonuria between September 2018 and December 2022. Infants were categorized as breastfed and non-breastfed (bottle-fed) based on their feeding method after diagnosis. Data on age at diagnosis, medical records, demographic information, and anthropometric indices were collected, and infants with incomplete data or mixed feeding (formula + breast milk) were excluded from the study.ResultsOf 94 infants managed in our hospital, 34 had complete medical records. Among the all patients 13 (38%) continued to be breastfed combined with phenylalanine-free amino acid-based protein substitute, while 21 (62%) were did not receive breast milk. The mean duration of breastfeeding was 2.57 ± 0.59 (1–3) months. The mean age at diagnosis was 22.6 ± 18.4 days. Phenylalanine concentrations at diagnosis were mean 10, SD 5.44; range 4–24 mg/dL [0.22–1.33 μmol/L] in the breastfed group and mean 14.3, SD 10.2; range 5–37 mg/dL [0.27–2.05 μmol/L] in the non-breastfed group.Non-breastfed infants had lower serum Phe levels than breastfed infants: mean 3.76, SD 2.10; range 1–7 mg/dL [0.05–0.38 μmol/L] and mean 4.89, SD 3.68; range 2–19 mg/dL [0.11–1.05 μmol/L], respectively, although not statistically significant [(t (34) = 118.0, P = 0.51]. Also we found no significant associations in body measurements for weight, height, and head circumference at birth and final assessment.ConclusionsIn conclusion, during treatment, there were no statistically significant associations between breastfeeding and serum Phe levels with growth in children with phenylketonuria.

Sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in 77 districts of Uganda

BackgroundUganda surpasses many African nations and the global average in exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates. Yet, malnutrition is a critical issue, with stunting impacting roughly 29% of children under 5 years. Enhancing EBF could mitigate such nutritional challenges. This study focused on determining the current EBF prevalence and identifying associated factors across 77 surveyed districts.MethodsPooled data from the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) surveys conducted in 77 districts in Uganda during 2021 and 2022 were analyzed. The analysis involved 7,210 mothers of children under 6 months, EBF was considered as the proportion of infants who received breast milk only in the 24 hours before the survey. A mother practicing EBF was (1) currently breastfeeding (2) had not started giving foods other than breastmilk (3) had not given any other probed liquids or (4) semi-solid foods the previous day or night. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with EBF, presenting adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals at a 5% significance level.ResultsThe prevalence of EBF was 62.3%. In the adjusted analysis, EBF was more common among older mothers 20–24 years, 25–29 years and 30 + years (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.2,1.6), (aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1, 1.6) and (aOR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1, 1.5) respectively compared to teenage mothers. Also, EBF was more likely among mothers who lived in rural areas compared to urban areas (aOR 1.1; 95% CI 1.0, 1.3) and those who attended antenatal care (ANC) (aOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.5, 3.1). On the contrary, EBF was less common for children aged 3–5 months compared to younger (aOR 0.5; 95% CI 0.5, 0.6) and children who had received Vitamin A supplementation (aOR 0.7; 95% 0.6, 0.8).ConclusionThe study suggests that most districts in Uganda might not have made significant strides in improving EBF rates over the last twenty years, pointing to possible ongoing hurdles that need urgent attention. Particularly, there’s a pressing need to focus on teenage mothers. Maintaining and strengthening programs that advocate EBF, such as ANC, is crucial to bridge the gaps and bring about more equitable rates among different groups.

Knowledge and Practices of Mothers’ regarding Weaning of Children and their Relation with Socioeconomic Variables in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Background: Weaning refers to transitioning an infant’s diet from breast milk or formula to other foods and fluids. When the infant stops receiving breast milk, it is considered fully weaned. Aims: To assess the knowledge, and practices of mothers on child weaning in the Aseer region. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 189 mothers in Aseer Region, using a self-administered online questionnaire. Results: Nearly two-thirds of the participants were aware of the terms: weaning, diet, or complementary food (65.1%). Most of the participants (87.3%) knew the nutritional requirements for weaning their infants. There was a non-significant relationship between knowledge of mothers and their sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., their level of education, and socioeconomic condition). More than two-thirds of theparticipants (71.4%) preferred breastfeeding their children associated with semi-solid food during the 6– 9-month period. The majority of the participants (74.6%) initiated weaning with thin-consistency food. There was a significant relationship between the reason for supplementary feeding before six months and mothers’ socioeconomic condition (P &lt;0.05). Conclusions: Mothers’ knowledge and practices were good. There were no significant relationships between mothers’ knowledge level with weaning and socioeconomic characteristics. There was a significant relationship between the reason for supplementary feeding before six months and the socioeconomic condition. Keywords: Knowledge, practice, mothers, weaning, Aseer region, Saudi Arabia.

Analysis Factors of Exclusive Breastfeding in Post Partum Mothers at Hermina Hospital, Kemanyoran, Central Jakarta

Background : Early and exclusive breastfeeding is very important for a child's survival, and to protect them from various diseases that they are susceptible to and which can be fatal. Increasing evidence shows that children who receive breast milk have higher intelligence test results. Factors that can influence exclusive breastfeeding include breast care, knowledge, attitudes, mental health and family support. Objective : To analyze the factors of exclusive breastfeeding for post partum mothers at Hermina Kemayoran Hospital, Central Jakarta. Methods : Analytical survey research using cross sectional research design with a sample of 80 people, data collection using a questionnaire, processed and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. Results : The study found that most of the respondents stated that they gave exclusive breastfeeding (80.0%). Chi square analysis found breast care (p value = 0.004), knowledge (p value = 0.516), attitude (p value = 0.116), mental health (p value = 0.940), and family support (p value = 0.010). Conclusion : There is a relationship between breast care and family support with exclusive breastfeeding and there is no relationship between knowledge, attitudes and mental health with exclusive breastfeeding for post partum mothers at Hermina Kemayoran Hospital, Central Jakarta. Suggestion : perform breast care and provide family support to post partum mothers

Breastfeeding Promotion and Support at Child Daycare Centers: Current Scenario in Five Argentine Provinces

ABSTRACT Background: There is a growing need, particularly for socially vulnerable families, to attend a child daycare center. Breastfeeding has well-established benefits to the baby and the mother, particularly in the context of social disadvantage. Although breastfeeding is a right, no information is available regarding the degree of breastfeeding promotion and support at child daycare centers in Argentina. Research aim: To describe knowledge, policies, operational conditions and staff training needs for the promotion and support of breastfeeding practices at child daycare centers in Argentina. Method: Exploratory cross-sectional quantitative study using a self-administered survey sent to respondents via email. All 24 provinces of Argentina were invited to participate. A list of provincial child daycare centers was obtained and a survey was sent to the directors of those centers where data were collected about infrastructure and resources, policies, staff training and breastfeeding promotion practices. Results: Five provinces participated. Sixty-four percent (73/114) of centers responded the survey provided. Eighty-two percent have a breastfeeding room. Twenty-nine percent receive breast milk. Only 20% train their staff on breast milk handling. Only 5% have breastfeeding policies in place. Conclusion: Although there is an adequate national regulatory framework, there is still a need to work on the implementation of concrete measures to guarantee the right to breastfeed in the specific setting of child daycare centers.

The Influence Of Family Support In Exclusive Breastfeeding On Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Status In Postpartum Mothers

Background: Breast milk is the natural first food given to babies, providing all the energy and nutrition needed by babies aged 0 to 6 months. Babies who receive exclusive breast milk are babies who only receive breast milk without providing complementary foods. Coverage of babies receiving exclusive breast milk in 2020 is 66.06%. There are two provinces that have not achieved the 2020 Strategic Plan target, namely Maluku and West Papua. Meanwhile, for the East Nusa Tenggara region, the coverage of babies receiving exclusive breastfeeding is 74.5%. Objective: to determine the effect of family support in providing exclusive breastfeeding on breastfeeding self-efficacy in postpartum mothers. Research method: quantitative research type with analytical survey using a cross sectional approach with purposive sampling technique with a total sample of 88. Data analysis using statistical methods Chi square. Research results: obtained values p 0.000 &lt; α (0.05), then there is a significant influence between family support in providing exclusive breastfeeding on breastfeeding self-efficacy status. Conclusion: there is a significant influence between family support in providing exclusive breastfeeding on breastfeeding self-efficacy status. Family support is the most important element in helping individuals solve a problem. If there is support, self-confidence will increase

Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant’s life and associated factors in a low–middle income country

BackgroundAlthough breastfeeding is practiced by 98% of mothers in Vietnam, infant breastfeeding behaviors remain far from World Health Organization recommendations and continues to decline. This study aims to explore the prevalence and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of an infant’s life.MethodsA cross-sectional study utilized a self-administered maternal questionnaire to collect data on 1072 Vietnamese mothers who brought infants aged between 6 and 30 months to a community health centre (CHC) for routine vaccination. Data collection was conducted from March to May 2021 in two cities in Central and North Vietnam. In order to measure exclusive breastfeeding, we asked mothers to recall (yes / no), if the child had received breast milk, formula, colostrum milk powder, water, vitamin / medicine, fruit juice / honey, and complementary foods aged under six months.ResultsIn the first six months, 14.2% of mothers exclusively breastfed their infants. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between exclusive infant breastfeeding and the highest maternal education level (university or postgraduate) (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10, 5.91); male infants (aOR 1.72; 95% CI 1.11, 2.68); duration of skin-to-skin contact greater than 90 min (aOR 7.69; 95% CI 1.95, 30.38); receiving first breastfeeding during skin-to-skin contact (aOR 2.31; 95% CI 1.30, 4.10); completely feeding infant directly at the breast (aOR 1.65; 95% CI 1.00, 2.71) and exclusive breastfeeding intention during pregnancy (aOR 2.48; 95% CI 1.53, 4.00). When compared with mothers who were prenatally exposed to infant formula advertising classified as “often”, the prevalence of exclusive infant breastfeeding was higher in mothers who classified their prenatal exposure to infant formula advertising as “sometimes” (aOR 2.15; 95% CI 1.13, 4.10), and “seldom” (aOR 2.58; 95% CI 1.25, 5.36).ConclusionThe prevalence of mothers who practiced exclusive infant breastfeeding during the first six months in Vietnam was low. Infants should receive early maternal-infant skin-to-skin contact greater than 90 min and complete first breastfeeding during skin-to-skin contact. Further, mothers should be protected against infant formula advertisements to maximise the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding during the child’s infancy.

Associations of breastfeeding duration with serum lipid values from infancy until age 20 years - the STRIP study.

The effect of breastfeeding duration on childhood lipid levels has remained controversial. In this study, we aimed to establish the long-term associations of breastfeeding duration with future levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, we report lipid levels at the age of seven months depending on the child receiving any breastmilk. The sample comprised 999 children participating in the prospective Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project (STRIP). Serum lipid profile was studied at the ages of seven months and 13 months, and annually thereafter until the age of 20 years. Duration of breastfeeding was inquired, and infants were divided into those who received or did not receive any breast milk at the age of seven months (n=533 and n=466, respectively). In addition, breastfeeding duration groups (any breastfeeding for 0-4 months, 4-6 months, 6-9 months, and >9 months) were formed. At the age of seven months infants who at that time received breast milk had higher serum HDL cholesterol (0.95±0.21mmol/l vs. 0.90±0.19 mmol/l; p=0.0018), non-HDL cholesterol (3.38±0.78 mmol/l vs. 3.01±0.67 mmol/l; p<0.001) and total cholesterol levels (4.33±0.80 mmol/l vs. 3.91±0.69 mmol/l; p<0.001) than their peers who did not receive breast milk. From two to 20 years of age serum lipid levels showed no consistent differences between the breastfeeding duration groups. Our long-term data showed that duration of breastfeeding has no consistent associations with serum lipid concentrations in healthy individuals aged two to 20 years. www.clinicaltrials.gov, unique identifier NCT00223600.

The most common medications dispensed to lactating persons: An electronic health record-based approach.

Using a novel, electronic health record (EHR)-based approach, to estimate the prevalence of prescription medication use at 2, 4, and 6 months postpartum among lactating individuals. We utilized automated EHR data from a US health system that records infant feeding information at well-child visits. We linked mothers who received prenatal care to their infants born May 2018-June 2019, and we required infants to have ≥1 well-child visit between 31 and 90 days of life (i.e., 2-month well-child visit with a ±1 month window). Mothers were classified as lactating at the 2-month well-child visit if their infant received breast milk at the 2-month well-child visit. For subsequent well-child visits at 4 and 6 months, mothers were considered lactating if their infant was still receiving breast milk. We identified 6013 mothers meeting inclusion criteria, and 4158 (69.2%) were classified as lactating at the 2-month well-child visit. Among those classified as lactating, the most common medication classes dispensed around the 2-month well-child visit were oral progestin contraceptives (19.1%), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (8.8%), first generation cephalosporins (4.3%), thyroid hormones (3.5%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (3.4%), penicillinase-resistant penicillins (3.1%), topical corticosteroids (2.9%), and oral imidazole-related antifungals (2.0%). The most common medication classes were similar around the 4 and 6-month well-child visits although prevalence estimates were often lower. Progestin-only contraceptives, antidepressants, and antibiotics were the most dispensed medications among lactating mothers. With routine collection of breastfeeding information, mother-infant linked EHR data may overcome limitations in previous studies of medication utilization during lactation. These data should be considered for studies of medication safety during lactation given the need for human safety data.