Received Signal Quality Research Articles

Network Long-Term Evolution Quality of Service Assessment Using a Weighted Fuzzy Inference System

The United Nations has pushed for improved mobile connectivity, ensuring that 97% of the world’s population lives within reach of a mobile cellular signal. This is within the framework of objective nine regarding industry, innovation, and infrastructure for sustainable development. The next challenge is for users to know the quality of this service. The Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network’s quality of service (QoS) is evaluated with key performance indicators (KPI) that only specialists can interpret. This work aims to assess the QoS and effectiveness of the fourth-generation (4G) LTE network using a weighted fuzzy inference system. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is integrated to rank the fuzzy rules. The KPIs that are considered for the evaluation are download speed, upload speed, latency, jitter, packet loss rate, reference received signal power (RSRP), and reference received signal quality (RSRQ). The evaluated data were collected collaboratively with end-user equipment (UEs). Different usage scenarios are contemplated to define the importance according to the positive impact of the QoS of the LTE mobile network. The advantage of the weighted fuzzy inference system concerning the fuzzy inference system is that each KPI is assigned a different weight, which implies having rules with hierarchies. In this way, the weighted fuzzy inference system provides two indices of quality and effectiveness. It can be a valuable tool for end users and regulatory bodies to identify the quality of the LTE mobile network.

COSMIC-2 RFI Prediction Model Based on CNN-BiLSTM-Attention for Interference Detection and Location.

As the application of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) continues to expand, its stability and safety issues are receiving more and more attention, especially the interference problem. Interference reduces the signal reception quality of ground terminals and may even lead to the paralysis of GNSS function in severe cases. In recent years, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites have been highly emphasized for their unique advantages in GNSS interference detection, and related commercial and academic activities have increased rapidly. In this context, based on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and radio-frequency interference (RFI) measurements data from COSMIC-2 satellites, this paper explores a method of predicting RFI measurements using SNR correlation variations in different GNSS signal channels for application to the detection and localization of civil terrestrial GNSS interference signals. Research shows that the SNR in different GNSS signal channels shows a correlated change under the influence of RFI. To this end, a CNN-BiLSTM-Attention model combining a convolutional neural network (CNN), bi-directional long and short-term memory network (BiLSTM), and attention mechanism is proposed in this paper, and the model takes the multi-channel SNR time series of the GNSS as the input and outputs the maximum measured value of RFI in the multi-channels. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional band-pass filtering inter-correlation method and other deep learning models, the model in this paper has a root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and correlation coefficient (R2) of 1.0185, 1.8567, and 0.9693, respectively, in RFI prediction, which demonstrates a higher RFI detection accuracy and a wide range of rough localization capabilities, showing significant competitiveness. Since the correlation changes in the SNR can be processed to decouple the signal strength, this model is also suitable for future GNSS-RO missions (such as COSMIC-1, CHAMP, GRACE, and Spire) for which no RFI measurements have yet been made.

Pengukuran Daya Terima BTS 4G Pada Kondisi Hujan Dengan Metode Coordinated Scheduling/Interference avoidance

The quality of signal reception from the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) which is still installed is the highest on the 4G VoLTE network from the provider provider within the coverage area of the Mataram University Campus is still fluctuating. This needs to be carefully monitored so that users can surf the internet or use IoT facilities properly according to access requirements. data transfer needs... Conditions due to environmental disturbances such as rain are also disrupted. This requires accurate measurements, this research is done with the help of software installed on the user according to their moving position along the existing road access. The measurement results were obtained in rainy and clear sky conditions and it was found that differences and cell movement were disturbed. Recommendations to providers in this paper are input for improving the quality of providers in the Mataram University area.

Experimental study on the transmission performance of an ultraviolet and visible light communication system under an artificial fog channel.

In this work, the visible light communication (VLC) and deep ultraviolet light communication (DUVLC) systems under an artificial fog channel are established, into which a fog channel simulator based on an acrylic box connected to a fog generator through a pipe is introduced. The VLC and DUVLC systems are based on line-of-sight (LOS) channel and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) channel with a large receiving angle about 90°, respectively. Under the influence of fog concentration, the transmission performance of the VLC and DUVLC systems is further analyzed and compared, including path loss, received signal quality and bit error rate (BER). Both VLC and DUVLC links were applied, and the BER of the integrated system was experimentally collected. The results show that the lower the fog concentration, the better the transmission performance of the VLC system, while the transmission performance of the DUVLC system is worse. Furthermore, the transmission distance and received angle should be considered for the NLOS-based DUVLC system, which can achieve communication at a distance of 10 cm and a receiving angle of 100° under the influence of dense fog. Moreover, the two links, DUVLC and VLC, are simultaneously applied for information transmission, which verifies that the dual-band integrated system can be well adapted to a fog environment. This study not only provides experimental support for the application of the VLC and DUVLC composite system but also demonstrates the possibility of applying the dual-band system in fog environments to a variety of complex outdoor scenarios.

Perfect vortex Laguerre-Gauss beams as a carrier in the MMF/FSO communication system

This paper presents a novel, to the best of our knowledge, high-speed transmission system that integrates a new structured light beam, specifically the perfect vortex Laguerre-Gaussian (PVLG) beam, with an optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system utilizing a premutation vector (PV) code. The PVLG beams are distinguished by their unique shape, which remains nearly invariant during propagation regardless of the azimuthal order of the orbital angular momentum (OAM), facilitating the multiplexing of multiple OAM beams within the same spatial area. Additionally, the system employs hybrid multimode fiber (MMF) and free space optics (FSO) channels, with consideration of foggy weather conditions in the FSO channel. A comparative analysis between the performance of PVLG beams and standard LG beams is conducted. Performance evaluation metrics include the Q-factor, bit error rate (BER), and eye diagrams, providing comprehensive insights into received signal quality. The results demonstrate that the system utilizing PVLG beams outperforms the one using standard LG beams. Specifically, the system achieves a maximum MMF length of 0.35 km with a BER of approximately 10−4 and a Q-factor of around three when the MMF cable channel is used only. For the FSO channel, the achievable ranges are 1.1 km, 0.7 km, and 0.35 km under low fog (LF), medium fog (MF), and high fog (HF) conditions, respectively, maintaining the same BER and Q-factor values. Moreover, the hybrid MMF/FSO channel extends the transmission range to 1.2 km under LF conditions and to 0.45 km under HF conditions, with consistent BER and Q-factor values. Each of the four PVLG beams carries 40 Gbps, resulting in a total transmission capacity of 160 Gbps. Thus, the proposed system is well positioned to meet the high-speed data transmission demands of next-generation 6G networks.

IMPROVING 5G NETWORK PERFORMANCE WITH MIMO TECHNOLOGY USING BEAMFORMING ALGORITHM

The advent of 5G technology aims to revolutionize wireless communication by providing significantly higher data rates, ultra- reliable low latency, and enhanced connectivity. However, optimizing 5G network performance remains a challenging task, particularly in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and spectral efficiency. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology, coupled with beamforming algorithms, offers a promising solution to these challenges. This study investigates the application of the Fractional Least Mean Square (FLMS) algorithm for beamforming in MIMO systems to improve BER and spectral efficiency in 5G networks. The primary problem addressed is the need for effective interference mitigation and signal enhancement in densely populated environments, which traditional methods struggle to handle. The proposed method utilizes the FLMS algorithm to dynamically adjust the beamforming weights, thereby optimizing the signal reception quality. The algorithm's fractional nature allows for finer adjustments and better adaptation to varying channel conditions compared to conventional LMS algorithms. Simulation results show the efficacy of the proposed method. Specifically, the implementation of the FLMS algorithm in a 4x4 MIMO system shows a reduction in BER by 30% and an improvement in spectral efficiency by 25% compared to traditional beamforming techniques. These numerical values highlight the potential of FLMS in enhancing 5G network performance, making it a viable approach for future wireless communication systems.

Improving power efficiency in 6G wireless communication networks through reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for different phase information

With increasing needs for high-bitrate, ultra-reliability, spectral efficiency, power efficiency, and reducing latency in the wireless network, global studies on the sixth generation of this network began in 2020. In this paper, we will look at intelligent reconfigurable surface structure and its application in new promising physical layer technologies, such as terahertz communications and UM-MIMO systems, to support very high-bitrate and superior network capacity in the 6G wireless communications. However, terahertz communications and UM-MIMO systems are the primary research points and confront many challenges for practical implementation. They require many RF chains and create problems in terms of cost and hardware complexity which RIS can simplify hardware and reduce cost. Therefore, we will present different modeling of wireless communication systems based on RIS for different phase information. Simulation results obtained by examining SNR performance and the error probability that shows the improvement of the received signal quality. According to results, RIS-based wireless communications can become an optimized model for future wireless communication systems.

Blind source separation algorithm for noisy hydroacoustic signals based on decoupled convolutional neural networks

Wireless communication technology has been widely used in marine engineering, marine ranching and Marine environmental monitoring. However, structural redundancy and functional confusion exist in applying neural networks in signal separation technology in underwater communication environments, which can result in a slower rate of signal separation and lead to confusion of parameters during transfer learning. Based on this, an end-to-end, internal functionally structured decoupled neural network (D-CNN) blind source separation (BSS) model is proposed in this paper, which can realize a neural network BSS algorithm with a well-defined structure and function. The one-dimensional convolutional neural network layer is used in algorithm to automatically extract observed signal's features, based on the features, and there are two generation modules of separation matrix and scaling coefficients. Then the two modules can be used to separate the observed signal and adjust the signal coefficients to obtain the separated signal. Finally the transfer learning technique is used to generalize the model, which reduces the transfer cost of the model in different application scenarios. Experimental results show that when the communication distance is set to 0.02 km–2 km, the MSE of independent signal and related signal can be reduced by 14.24% and 14.95% respectively compared with the nearest Neural FCA algorithm. The results prove that the proposed algorithm can accurately estimate the source signal and improve the signal reception quality.

Accurate calculation method of terrain viewshed for wireless signal as line of sight

AbstractViewshed analysis is an important research content of digital terrain analysis. The terrain viewshed refers to the range that can be seen at the current position, which varies with the nature of the observer. When the observer is a wireless signal tower, it is the communication viewshed, which refers to the area consisted of grid cells where the receiving antennas can receive the signals from a transmitting antenna set up on a grid cell of terrain. The core of base station location problem includes two aspects: combinatorial optimization and the calculation of the coverage rate of signal. The calculation of communication viewshed is an important research content for determining signal coverage range. In this article, we propose an accurate communication viewshed computation algorithm for wireless signal (CVCWS) using the projection curve of 3D Fresnel zone analysis based on DEM. The CVCWS method can calculate the signal reception quality at different locations more precisely. Besides, a signal attenuation model is proposed to compute the theoretical attenuation value according to the signal receiving quality index. The proposed algorithm is compared with the existing DEM‐based communication viewshed algorithms, and the theoretical attenuation values are compared with the measured values. The experimental results show that the theoretical values gained by the CVCWS algorithm are close to the measured values, indicating high accuracy of the CVCWS algorithm. The proposed method can provide theoretical support for communication tower location planning and other related applications.

Analysis of DVB-T2 TV Broadcast Receiver with Comparison of Signal Reception Quality

Television is one of the most widely used media for receiving sound and image transmissions worldwide, particularly in Indonesia. Government regulations require all television broadcasters in Indonesia to cease analog broadcasts and transition to digital broadcasts. Consequently, a device known as the Set Top Box (STB), equipped with a low noise amplifier (LNA), converts DVB-T2 digital signals into images and audio suitable for analog televisions. Tests were conducted to evaluate its signal reception capabilities. These tests took place at four Palembang city locations, utilizing indoor and outdoor antennas. The results revealed that the device's signal strength ranged from -48.7 dBm, reaching 100% signal quality, to the weakest signal at -97 dBm. Moreover, an average difference of 6.9 dB was observed between indoor and outdoor testing for each frequency. Furthermore, analyzing the average signal strength based on distance showed that the highest strength of -56.2 dBm occurred at a distance of 1.5 km from the transmitter during outdoor testing. In comparison, the weakest strength of -91.6 dBm occurred at a distance of 1.8 km during indoor testing. Additionally, a signal strength comparison between test locations indicated that the most significant difference was between the Kamboja and Plaju locations. The LNA device achieved its highest gain value of 15.2 dB. Various factors, including antenna direction, obstructions such as buildings, antenna height, signal stability, and the distance between the transmitter and receiver, influence the signal quality.

Assessment of Output Radiation Density of Cell Phone for Epidemiological Studies: A Pilot Study in Navi Mumbai

In this research, the cell phone radiation output density of 167 different cell phone users has been systematically measured across various scenarios: (i) when no multimedia services were activated, (ii) when all multimedia services were activated (such as WhatsApp, Messenger, Viber, Skype, etc.), (iii) during calls without multimedia services, and (iv) during calls with all multimedia services activated. Through rigorous statistical analysis, the means for each of these four categories were computed. A notable finding is that the radiation output density from cell phones is at its highest during calls with all multimedia services activated (means 11.87 mW/m2 for 167 cell phones), whereas during calls with no multimedia services active, mean values are found 7.743 mW/m2. To establish a correlation between the quality of the signal received from the cell phone tower and the radiated power from the cell phone during calls, the output radiation from cell phones was also assessed using the Trifield Electromagnetic field (EMF) meter model (TF2) at different signal quality levels emitted by the towers. These signal quality levels were quantified by measuring Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), and Received Signal Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (RSSINR). It was observed that the cell phone's radiated power was at its lowest (means 9.428 mW/m2 for 41 cell phones) when the received signal quality was excellent (RSRP: –70.84 dBm; RSRQ: –12.06 Db; RSSINR: 12.6 dB). Conversely, in areas with the worst received signal quality (RSRP: –82.86 dBm; RSRQ: –17.034 dB; RSSINR: 8.1774 dB), the output radiated power density from cell phones during calls (all multimedia services activated) was recorded at its highest (means 18.336 mW/m2 for 56 cell phones). Furthermore, the study revealed an inverse correlation between the radiated output power density of cell phones (167) and the quality of the received signal (RSRPr: –0.18456; RSRQr: –0.35026; RSSINRr: –0.6448). This implies that the cell phone's radiated power density is directly influenced by the quality of the received signal from cell phone tower (specifically, its electromagnetic field strength) and the activation of various multimedia services. These findings contribute to improving the indicators of radiofrequency (RF) exposure for use in epidemiological studies. The results highlight that output power density of cell phone increases as the signal level from the cell phone tower decreases. Thus, we can affirm that a low-quality cell phone tower signal during calls leads to increased output radiation of cell phone, consequently resulting in a higher incidence of epidemiological problems.

TCP and MP-TCP in mmWave 5G Networks

Future 5G networks will likely include mmWave radio access communication links, because of their potential multi-gigabit-per-second capacity. However, these frequencies are characterized by very dynamic channel conditions which lead to wide fluctuations in the received signal quality. This article explains how the end-to-end user experience in mobile mmWave networks could be affected by a sub-optimal interaction between the most widely used transport protocol, TCP, and mmWave links. It also provides insights on the throughput-latency trade-off when Multipath TCP (MP-TCP) is used judiciously across various links (e.g., LTE and mmWave).

Performance Evaluation of Mobile Network Service Delivered Within Federal Polytechnic Bali and Its Environs; With a Focus on 2G and 3G Technologies

Monitoring the QoS (Quality of Service) of mobile network service providers is key if end users must derive maximum satisfaction from the numerous mobile services provided to them. In this research, data was collected via drive test, using mobile phones, Test Mobile System (TEMS) software a technology used by telecom operators to measure, analyze, and optimize their mobile networks, and Mapinfo software for post processing. For 2G technology, four parameters were analyzed which are Rx Lev (Received Signal Level), and Rx Qual (Received Signal Quality), while for 3G technology three parameters were analyzed which are RSCP (Received Signal Code Power), Ec/Io, and downlink throughput. The serving cells, Broadcast control channels as well as the Primary scrambling codes for all mobile network operators were recorded. The data collected was for MTN, Airtel and GLOBACOM (Glo) Networks, and the area of study comprised Bali metropolis, Maihula, Gazuba and Garbabi. It was deduced that the Rx_Lev range of negative 10dBm to negative 65dBm covered just 4.53%, 4.31% and 6.62% of the total route driven for MTN, Airtel and Glo respectively, which falls below the 75% requirement by the Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC). It was recommended amongst others the physical optimizations be carried out for PSC 19, 46, 70, 205, 313, 368 in order to improve coverage, quality and downlink throughput. The results of this study have practical implications for all mobile network operators within the area of study as it provides valuable information enabling them to enhance their network infrastructure and services in order to meet set key performance indicators (KPIs) by the regulator, as well as ensure user derive satisfaction.

Study of the accuracy characteristics of a GNSS receiver with an antenna array

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the accuracy of measuring navigation parameters by a receiver of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS receiver) equipped with an antenna array. The use of ring antenna arrays in GNSS receivers is substantiated. The main advantage of such antenna arrays is their invariance to the direction of the main lobe of the radiation pattern in the azimuthal plane. However, ring antenna arrays have some disadvantages. The use of the minimum required number of radiators in such antenna arrays to form a beam of a given width leads to a simultaneous increase in the level of side lobes. However, when using ring antenna arrays in GNSS receivers, this drawback can be neglected, since the level of side lobes significantly affects the quality of navigation signal reception only with powerful signal re- reflections. The structure of the hardware- software complex for research is given and the principle of its operation is described. Its main parts are a 24-channel beam- forming GNSS receiver and an 8-element ring antenna array. The software and hardware complex allows the study of various configurations of antenna arrays – two, four and eight elements. The technique of carrying out the experiment is given. A eature of the technique is the use of differences in measured pseudoranges using a single antenna and various configurations of antenna arrays. The results of measurements of code and phase pseudorange are presented.

Research on developing an adaptive algorithm for enhancing the quality of underwater positioning based on the sonar USBL principle

The paper proposes an enhanced solution for improving the accuracy of underwater object positioning based on the Ultra-Short Baseline (USBL) sonar principle. In shallow water regions, complex hydrological phenomena affect the quality of underwater acoustic signal transmission and reception, making it essential to enhance the processing of these signal groups. Through the USBL system model, the paper presents a model capable of adaptively selecting accurate signals amidst the noisy underwater environment. The proposed model is implemented and validated in practice using FPGA hardware in Lan Ha Bay. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared to conventional approaches, as it extends the management range and optimizes the transmission power of the system, even in cases of low signal-to-noise ratio.

Polarization adaptation to improve cell border area bitrates and system capacity in small cells

The target of this paper is to show the impact of polarization adaptation on the received signal quality in an outdoor small-cell deployment scenario. The signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is the key factor in defining the achievable data rate, and the capacity of the cell. At the cell border area, the SIR value is typically low and causes a significant decrease in the system capacity and achievable data rates. These bad SIR areas at the cell border can be improved by using orthogonal polarizations in the neighboring cells rather than using all polarizations over the whole cell coverage area. For the research work of this paper, a series of measurements were carried out to measure a received signal power and a cross polarization discrimination (XPD) ratio while the signal is transmitted and received with a different set of polarizations. In the measurements, we have considered horizontal, vertical, +/− 45° slanted polarizations, and two different environments, urban street and open space, and three frequency bands, 970−1030 MHz, 2000−2030 MHz and 3364−3400 MHz. The measurement results revealed that at a different distance from the transmitter, for horizontal/vertical polarization, the average XPD is around 24.7 dB and 31.7 dB in the urban street and open area environments, respectively. For +/− 45° slanted polarization, the average XPD is around 11.5 dB and 12.1 dB in the urban street and open area environments, respectively. This paper goes on to propose polarization adaptation in each cell, where the primary polarization is valid for the whole service area of the cell, and secondary polarization is only used in close proximity of the base station antenna. Considering the results, it is emphasized that system capacity can be significantly improved by having only one channel with good SIR values compared to multiple channels with bad SIR values. However, MIMO channels with orthogonal polarizations or with spatial multiplexing can be utilized in the closed vicinity of the base station, i.e., in an area with good SIR values. It is shown that the overall cell capacity can be increased by almost 35% by utilizing polarization adaptation compared to MIMO 2 × 2.

Impact Assessment of Elevation Angles on Signal Propagation at VHF and UHF Frequencies for Improved Rural Telephony

Rural telephony is challenging in the remote part of Nigeria due to inadequate telecommunication infrastructure, exorbitant cost of communication systems and poor road network for extension of fiber network. These factors constitute poor or no cellular network services in many villages. Alternatively, using Television White Space (TVWS) technology to facilitate telephony services in the rural areas through Ultra High Frequency (UHF) and Very High Frequency (VHF) spectrum is cost effective. Thus, this research investigates impact of elevation angle on signal propagation at UHF/VHF frequencies. The experimental test scenarios took measurements of received signal quality performance at different elevation angles and transmit power levels to obtain more stable results for substantive inference. The experimental test scenario considered a communication link, operating at UHF frequency of 436 MHz. During the experiment, azimuth and propagation loss for the communication link were kept constant while the receiving antenna elevation angles were varied to assess the impact of elevation angles. The assessment examined results obtained during the experiment. Comparing the received signal quality performance at zero (00) elevation angle, it has been observed that the received signal quality improves when the transmit power allocation increases. Results further show that for a given transmit power level of 34dBm, at zero (00) elevation angle test configuration, received signal quality performance of 1.80 dB, 6.90 dB at 300 elevation angle and 10.9 dB at 600 elevation angle were obtained, compared to improved quality performance of 11.8 dB at 00 elevation angle, 19.90 dB at 300 elevation angle and 24.92 dB at 600 elevation angle when the transmit power level was increased to 46.98 dBm. It is deduced from the experimental results that elevation angle of receiving antenna has significant influence on the received signal quality performance. This insight is very useful in the design and network planning of rural telecommunication services using TVWS frequencies for improved rural broadband penetration.

An Evaluation of the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of Next Generation Wireless Communication Systems using Large Intelligent Surfaces: Deep Learning Approach

The existing data rate must be greatly increased in order to support the numerous applications of the next generation communication systems. Using Large Intelligent Surfaces (LIS), which are a panel with mounted reflective components, is one way to address this problem. Their primary function is to divert the electromagnetic signal to the intended user. As a result, the received signal's strength and reception quality both improve, improving the Quality of Service (QoS). Machine Learning algorithms have been used to implement LIS in a number of ways, including channel estimation and the calculation of phase shifts (discrete), to mention a few. Here, it is suggested that the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for a LIS-supported communication system be assessed using a Deep Learning (DL) model. On the DL model, the effects of the SGD, Adam RMSProp Adadelta and Adamax optimizers are investigated. The Mean Squared Error (MSE) loss function is taken into account. The Adam optimizer offers the highest level of precision, making it preferable to other optimizers. The SNR for 10 users is measured using the suggested DL model with Adam Optimizer. The outcomes of this work is contrasted with the SNR estimate by an existing technique that calculates SNR based on LIS size and the location of transmitter and receiver with an accuracy of 93.5%. The simulation results indicate that the accuracy is increased to 96% using the suggested DL model which attains an average error of 3.6.

The Application of 5G Wireless Communication in Maritime Environment

Recently, 5G wireless communication have been rapidly adopted for maritime applications. As a result, significant progress has been made in the ocean digitalization. 5G features with low latency, high reliability, and a large bandwidth, which satisfies the requirements of maritime applications. Due to significant differences between land and marine radio propagation environments, the maritime communication encounters a large challenge for providing maritime users with reliable data communication service. In order to solve the abovementioned challenge, we designed a maritime 5G terminal and tested it on an unmanned surface vehicle (USV) in the Lanyue Lake of Zhejiang Ocean University. The test data were collected, and the corresponding data analysis are presented, which includes signal strength, signal reception quality, upload and download data rate. The received signal level (RSL) and transmission data rate obtained by the maritime 5G terminals demonstrate great potential of meeting the communication requirements of the maritime users. It is also can be found that the RSL and the data transmission rate of the maritime 5G can be used for the remote control of the unmanned ships, with the signal strength at sea up to -89.45 dBm, and maximum rate up to 226 Mbps.

Maximizing Signal Quality for One Dimensional Cells In Mobile Communications

In this work, the cellular network performance based on other cell interference predictions is presented. It presents a mathematical model of co-channel interference analysis in hexagonal and linear cell shapes through a log-distance propagation model to investigate the effect of path loss exponent value on the received signal quality of the downlink. Simulation results obtained show that as the power exponent value increase, the interfering signals attenuation is increased resulting in received signal quality improvement. The signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) received by subscribers close to the cell edge will be less due to the contribution of the near-interfering cells especially when multiple layers of interfering cells are considered. The simulations confirmed that the impact of multi tiers of interfering cells cannot be ignored in systems of small cluster size as they may contribute to system performance degradation.