Received Root Canal Treatment Research Articles

Assessment of the quality of root canal fillings performed on extracted teeth by undergraduate dental students in a sample from Saudi Arabia

BackgroundThe educational process in the field of endodontics commences with preclinical exercises to enhance students’ proficiency in cleaning, shaping, and performing root canal fillings. Therefore, this study aimed to radiographically evaluate the technical quality of root canal fillings performed by preclinical students on extracted teeth at the College of Dentistry, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia.MethodsA total of 788 extracted human teeth received root canal treatment by undergraduate students. The samples were then gathered and radiographically assessed using the three quality criteria of length, density, and taper. The category of root canal fillings was classified as either acceptable or unacceptable. The criteria for evaluating the acceptability of filling quality were defined based on the presence of adequate length, density, and taper. The effectiveness of root canal fillings was also evaluated in relation to the tooth type, sex, and treatment year. The agreement between the examiners was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa test, and the relationship between the research variables was determined using the chi-squared test. The significance threshold was set at 0. 05.ResultsThe overall quality of root filling was determined to be satisfactory in 532 (67.5%) of 788 endodontically treated extracted teeth. The majority of the research sample (88.1%) had enough length, 89.6% had adequate density, and 86.4% had acceptable taper. The quality of anterior teeth was substantially better than that of posterior teeth (p < 0.001). Our findings showed that the quality of root canals was better in 2022 than it had been in earlier years (p = 0.001). The three RCT quality criteria differed significantly when compared between sexes (p = 0.002).ConclusionsThe quality of the root canal fillings completed by undergraduate students was rated as acceptable. The findings of the research suggest that the implementation of routine assessments to evaluate the technical competence of undergraduate dental students performing root canal treatments could provide significant insights into the efficacy of the curriculum requirements.

Analyze the clinical effect of YAG laser combined with sodium hypochlorite in root canal treatment of pulpitis.

To compare and analyze the clinical therapeutic effects of sodium hypochlorite combined with Nd: YAG laser and sodium hypochlorite alone for root canal disinfection in patients with pulpitis. Patients with pulpitis were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table method. Both groups received root canal treatment, while the control group received root canal irrigation with 1% sodium hypochlorite. The observation group was irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite combined with Nd: YAG laser. Periodontal index, inflammatory index, life quality score and bacterial infection clearance rate of the two groups were compared before and 3 months after treatment. The total effective rate of the observation group was 95.35%, which was higher than that of the control group 79.07% (p < .05). After 3 months of treatment, the periodontal index and inflammation level of both groups decreased, and the observation group was lower than that in the control group (p < .05). The life quality score and infection clearance rate of observation group were significantly higher than control group (p < .05). Compared with root canal irrigation with 1% sodium hypochlorite alone, sodium hypochlorite combined with Nd: YAG laser for root canal disinfection can significantly improve the therapeutic effect, relieve inflammatory reaction, and decrease bacterial infection.

Fracture resistance and failure pattern of endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with transfixed glass fiber post: an in vitro and finite element analysis

The aims of the study were to determine the effect of different types of endodontic sealers and the presence of a horizontal glass fiber post (HGFP) on the fracture resistance and fracture pattern of mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) restored upper premolars and to analyze the stress distribution. Sixty extracted upper premolars received root canal treatment (RCT) and a MOD cavity preparation. All MOD cavities were restored with the same composite resin (CR). The 60 teeth were divided randomly into 6 groups (n = 10); Group1= AH Plus sealer; Group 2= TotalFill BC sealer; Group 3= BioRoot RCS sealer; Group 4= AH plus sealer + HGFP; Group 5= TotalFill BC sealer + HGFP; and, Group 6= Bio Root RCS sealer + HGFP. All specimens were thermocycled and subjected to cyclic loading. Next, the specimens were subjected to a static load using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Two micro-CTs of the same upper premolar, one without the HGFP and later one with HGFP inserted were made and used to create two finite element (FE) models. For the fracture resistance, two-way ANOVA revealed significant differences for the effect of HGFP (p = 0.029), but no differences for the effect of root canal sealer type (p = 0.561). The HGFP groups showed higher restorable fracture compared to groups without HGFP (p = 0.013). Finite element analysis showed that the inclusion of HGFP reduces stress concentration at the occlusal interface and cervical region. Therefore, it can be concluded that HGFP significantly increased the fracture resistance of endodontically treated upper premolars with MOD cavities and reduced the risk for non-restorable fractures. The FE analysis supports the mechanical test results.

Reasons and Pattern of Demand for Root Canal Treatment Among Patients Attending A Tertiary Care Center of Madhesh Province: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Root canal treatment (RCT) for permanent teeth involves the use of biologically acceptable chemical and mechanical treatment of the root canal system to promote healing and repair of the peri radicular tissues. The aim of the study was to analyze the reasons and pattern of demand for root canal treatment among patients attending a tertiary care center of Madhesh Province, Nepal.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of patients who received root canal treatment in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal between September 2022 and February 2023.The demographic and clinical data of patients were recorded and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 24. Association between the variables was analyzed by Fischer exact tests. P-value&lt;0.05 was considered as statistically significant.&#x0D; Results: 206 patients who received root canal treatment participated in this study. More mandibular teeth (53.9%) were root-treated compared to maxillary teeth (46.1%). The first molars constituted the most prevalent root-treated teeth (43.7%), followed by the second molars (26.7%) and the central incisors (10.7%). The most common chief complaint was pain (66%) and caries (75.7%) was the most frequently encountered pathology. The association of age category and dental arch with the type of root-treated teeth was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt;0.004 respectively).&#x0D; Conclusion: Irreversible pulpitis caused by caries was the predominant indication for root canal treatment, with pain being the most common presenting complaint. The demand for treatment was higher in females and among patients within 21-40 years age category. More teeth from the mandibular arch were root-treated while the first molar was the most frequently treated tooth.

Efficacy of Endoscope and Periapical Radiography to Detect Residual Root Canal Filling Using Micro-CT as Reference

IntroductionTo evaluate the efficacy of examinations by endoscope of root canals to determine residual root canal filling materials by comparison with microcomputed tomographic (micro-CT) images as reference. MethodsThirty maxillary second premolars with oval canals received root canal treatment. Then D-Race retreatment files were used to remove the root canal fillings supplemented by XP-endo Finisher. Samples were scanned to reconstruct micro-CT reference images. Images were obtained of all samples from the mesiodistal and buccolingual directions by digital radiography. Then the root canals of specimens mounted in manikins were assessed by endoscope. The radiographic and endoscopic results were scored following comparison with the micro-CT images, which served as a reference, by 2 blinded observers. The interexaminer reliability of the assessments was evaluated by kappa test and the accuracy of endoscopic visualization according to the presence of residual root canal filling materials was compared using Kruskal–Wallis H test and Spearman’s rank order correlation with the level of significance set at 5%. ResultsThe efficiency of the periapical radiography and endoscopy to determine residual root canal filling material was similar in every third of the root canal (P > .05). ConclusionsThe endoscope detected residual root canal filling material as efficiently as periapical radiography.

Comparison of fracture resistance of fiber-reinforced post and core with different cementation techniques: in vitro study.

The current study aimed to inspect the fracture resistance of fiber post to canal dentin using a different technique of cementation. 60 sound single-rooted central incisors with comparable size and length were stored in normal saline. Each tooth was immersed in 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The specimens were randomly divided into 6 groups of 10 specimens each. All included specimens received root canal treatment (RCT). Post-space preparation was done using Gates Glidden drills. Post space was standardized with 10 mm length, keeping 3 to 5 mm as an apical seal. Based on the cementation technique samples were divided into six study groups. Group A: One step-Monoblock; Group B: One step- Monoblock-NA-FP; Group C: One step-Monoblock-RX-MC; Group D: Two-step- RX-MC; Group E: Two-step- RX-FZ; Group F: Two-step- RX-FZ-Custom post. Following cementation, all teeth will be prepared to receive a monolithic zirconia crown with a finish line of 1 mm above the CEJ. Each specimen was mounted in auto-polymerizing clear acrylic resin using a preformed tube. All samples were subjected to pushing forces to measure the fracture strength of the specimen using a universal testing machine. To compare the means among different experimental groups Post Hoc Tukey multiple comparison tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were adopted. The highest fracture resistance was observed in group A. Whereas, the lowest fracture resistance was observed in group D samples. Fracture strength in group A samples showed significantly higher fracture resistance values compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). Fracture resistance values in group F specimens were significantly higher than specimens in groups B, C, D, and E respectively (p < 0.05). Monoblock technique using single cementation and core material (Multicore Flow) when polymerized simultaneously exhibited the highest fracture resistance of glass fiber post compared to other cementation techniques.

Radiographic Evaluation of Errors during the Root Canal Treatment by 5th and 6th Year Undergraduate Students of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan) from 2015 to 2018

Introduction: Quality of root canal treatment is considered as an important prognostic factor for endodontic therapy success. The aim of this study is to evaluate radiographic errors during the root canal treatment by 5th and 6th year undergraduate students of Islamic Azad university of Isfahan (Khorasgan) from 2015 to 2018.&#x0D; Materials &amp; Methods: In this study records of 860 cases of endodontic treatment of patients referred to the General Endodontics Department and the Comprehensive Treatment Department of Isfahan Azad University (Khorasgan) during 2015-2018 including 1903 root canals that had received root canal treatment were examined. Periapical radiography was used to evaluate errors during access cavity preparation, canal preparation, and canal filling by two endodontic specialists and it was recorded in pre-prepared forms. In the access cavity preparation: furcation perforation, low access cavity expansion, high access cavity expansion were evaluated. During the canal preparation phase, errors such as missing of canal, ledge, transport, perforation types and broken instruments were investigated. Length and density of root filing were the criteria evaluated at the canal filling stage. The analysis was performed at both descriptive and inferential levels. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi-Square test and exact Fisher's test.&#x0D; Results: Frequency of acceptable root canal treatment (without errors) was 37.5%. Lower first molars showed the highest error rate (40.7%). Furcation perforation was reported with 9.4% highest error of access cavity preparation. The highest error rate was reported transport (7.8%) in the preparation phase. Inadequate density (gap) of 36.9% and under filling of 31.1% had the highest error in filling stage.&#x0D; Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be stated that general endodontics department needs careful planning to increase the quality of root canal treatments performed by students.

Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Pulpitis Treated with Different Root Canal Flushing Fluids Based on VAS and Temporomandibular Joint Function.

Pulpitis is one of the common diseases indicated by the department of stomatology that is located in the tooth and contains abundant nerve vessels. In order to evaluate the pain degree and functional recovery of patients after treatment by visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and temporomandibular joint function score, a retrospective analysis was performed on 128 patients diagnosed with pulpitis who received root canal treatment in the department of stomatology from January 2020 to March 2021. The results show that 3%NaClO combined with 0.9% sodium chloride injection can effectively relieve the pain degree of patients after treatment, and the antibacterial effect is significantly better than 3%H2O2 combined with 0.9% normal saline. Meanwhile, it can effectively improve the temporomandibular joint function and reduce the recurrence rate, which has good clinical application value.

Endodontic Flare-up Incidense in Irreversible Pulpitis in Universitas Airlangga Dental Hospital (RSKGMP Universitas Airlangga)

Background: Carious lesions that do not be treated, becomes infected and inflamed, leading to irreversible pulpitis. One of the treatments for irreversible pulpitis is root canal treatment. In root canal treatment can cause flare-ups. Purpose: Obtaining a data base on flare-ups with a diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis at RSKGMP and obtaining a picture of flare-ups in irreversible pulpitis based on root canal preparation techniques, root canal irrigation materials, root canal dressing materials, and root canal obturation techniques. Methods: The study used was a descriptive observational study with a study design cross sectional in patients with a diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis who had received root canal treatment at the UPF Dental Conservation RSKGMP University of Airlangga in 2018, 2019, and 2020. Results: A total of 14 patients (28%) of 50 patients experienced (flare-up). Conclusion: The incidence flare-ups of root canal treatment in irreversible pulpitis at RSKGMP University of Airlangga is 28%.

An Update on Demand and Pattern of Root Canal Treatments in a Clinical Setting in Lagos, Nigeria

There have been a growing number of patients demanding root canal treatment to save their teeth. This study aimed to determine the pattern of demand and treatment need for root canal treatments at a tertiary healthcare facility in Lagos, Nigeria and update the dental literature with the demand and pattern of root canal treatments as seen in Nigeria. This was a retrospective study. Data from 8239 patients treated at restorative dental clinic, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital from 2011 through 2014, were reviewed. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 26. Association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi square test. Significance level was set at p&lt;0.05. Nine hundred (900) patients age 18 to 79 years (Mean ± SD 38.95±9.4) of which 542 (60.2%) were male and 358 (39.8%) female received root canal treatment involving 1256 teeth. More male patients demanded for root canal treatment but treatment need was greater in female patients and increased with age. Demand for root canal treatment was more prevalent in those &lt; 40 years of age. Central incisors were the most frequently root filled teeth in the maxilla and this was statistically significant (p=0.002). In the mandible, first molars were the most frequently root filled teeth however, this was not statistically significant (p=0.093). Findings in this study corroborate those of several other studies in Nigeria. However, unlike other Nigerian studies, this study noted a greater need for root canal treatment in female patients compared to male patients.

Fracture Resistance of Root-Canal Treated Premolars Restored with Dentin Replacement Materials: An In-vitro Study.

Conservative restorations of endodontically treated premolars have yielded mixed results. The present study aimed to compare fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars with Class II mesial-occlusal cavity preparations, restored with either Smart Dentin Replacement (SDR; Dentsply Sirona) material, Biodentine (Septodont) or ceramic inlays. Thirty-two extracted premolars were randomly divided into four equal groups (n = 8): Group 1 served as a control group with teeth left intact; teeth in the remaining three groups received root canal treatment followed by a mesio-occlusal cavity preparation. These crowns were restored with: Biodentine in group 2, SDR in group 3 and ceramic inlays in group 4. A computer-controlled Instron universal testing machine subjected all specimens to compressive load until failure. Force at failure and fracture mode (above or below the cementoenamel junction) were recorded. The data were analysed using Fisher's exact test and one-way ANOVA followed by the post-hoc Tukey's test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The lowest mean load at failure was recorded for the inlay group. Loads at failure were statistically significantly higher for teeth restored with Biodentine than with SDR (p = 0.012) and ceramic inlays (p = 0.007). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of fracture mode (p = 0.440). Endodontically treated premolars with mesial-occlusal cavity preparation restored with Biodentine were more resistant to fracture than those restored with either SDR or ceramic inlays. Biodentine may prove a promising material to restore endodontically treated teeth with one missing proximal wall.

Apical status and prevalence of endodontic treated teeth among Saudi adults in Eastern province: A prospective radiographic evaluation

IntroductionThe main cause for developing periapical lesions (PA) is the root canal infection. The mentioned causes may play a role in not controlling it but are not a “true” cause. ObjectiveTo determine apical status and prevalence of endodontic treated tooth using radiograph assessment in relation to quality of root canal treatment and clinical factors among Saudi adults in the Eastern province. Patients and methodsThis prospective case series study included 2161 patients who received root canal treatment (RCT) at Dammam Specialized Dental Center, Dammam Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia, between October 21, 2019 and April 22, 2020, after getting ethical approval from the Institutional Research Board (IRB). Saudi natives of either gender, age ≥ 18, with at least one fixed bridge or single dental crown evaluated on a clear, high-quality radiography image were recruited for the study. To determine the periapical state of root canal-filled teeth, the 'periapical index' (PAI) was used. All pertinent patient information was analyzed in SPSS verion-20 (IBM product, Chicago). ResultsOut of 2161 cases, a PA lesion was present in 756 (35.0%). The prevalence of periapical lesions in endodontically treated teeth was 31.2%. PA lesion was associated with molar involvement (50.8% vs. 36.6%, p = 0.001), poor RCT quality (85.2% vs. 51.0%, p = 0.001), and smoking (13.6% vs. 10.5%, p = 0.028). According to logistic regression model, female gender, molar tooth, and poor RCT quality were more likely to expose PA lesion 1.5 times, 1.8 times, and 5 times, respectively. ConclusionIt is concluded that approximately 1/3rd of endodontically treated teeth are susceptible to the occurrence of periapical lesions in radiographic assessment, which are significantly associated with females, molars, and poor RCT quality, indicating a challenge for endodontists to improve their root canal assessment accuracy.

Radiological status of endodontically treated teeth in senegalese subpopulation: Cone-beam computed tomography study

This study aimed to assess the periapical status and the quality of root canal filling of endodontically treated teeth from cone-beam volume tomography (CBCT) images.Of 66 teeth (124 root canals) that received root canal treatment, the quality of the root canal filling as well as the periapical status were assessed using cone-beam volume tomography (CBCT). Radicular obturation on an X-ray image was defined as satisfactory if it is 0-2 mm from the radiographic apex without voids. On CBCT scans, the apical end of the canal has replaced the radiographic apex.The present study showed, according to the periapical status, 87.9% (n = 109) of the canals exhibited a periapical lesion. The 1, 2, and D scores of the CBCT PAI were more met with respectively 46, 19.4%, and 8.9%. The association between the lengh of root canal filling and the presence of apical radiolucency showed a significant relationship (p = 0.02). The presence of apical radiolucency is also very significantly associated with the inadequate density of root canal fillings (p = 00003).The present study confirms, by CBCT, that the presence of periapical lesions was associated with poor quality obturation technique.

Characteristics, Treatment, and Prognosis of Cracked Teeth: A Comparison with Data from 10 Years Ago

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze and to compare retrospectively the characteristics, the treatment process, and the prognosis of cracked teeth by comparing recent data with data from 10 years ago. Materials and Methods Sixty-eight cracked teeth from March 2009 to June 2010 (2009 data) and 185 cracked teeth from March 2019 to June 2020 (2019 data) were analyzed. The characteristics of cracked teeth and the treatment method depending on probing depth, caries, and symptoms, and prognosis depending on pocket depth and apical lesions were analyzed using R version 3.3.3 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) and T&F version 3.0 (YooJin BioSoft, Korea). To compare proportions, the two-sample proportion test was performed. The distribution of proportions within the samples from 2009 and 2019 data was analyzed using the Chi-square test or binomial test. A p -value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results Significantly fewer cracked teeth received root canal treatment before crown in 2019 than in 2009 ( p = 0.032). In both 2009 and 2019, symptomatic cracked teeth and those with deep periodontal pockets (>6 mm) were significantly more likely to receive root canal treatment. In both years, cracked teeth with a probing depth less than 6 mm or without an apical lesion were significantly more likely to be asymptomatic at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups ( p < 0.001). Conclusion Cracked teeth with a deep periodontal pocket or symptoms had a higher likelihood of endodontic treatment, and the presence of a deep periodontal pocket or apical lesion was associated with a higher risk of persistent symptoms. Therefore, clinicians should consider these factors when planning treatment and predicting patients’ prognosis.

Dynamics of clinical and immunological parameters in the integrated management of endo-­periodontal lesions, including laser therapy

Aim. To determine the dynamics of clinical changes and indicators of local immunity in integrating the diode laser into the treatment of the endo-periodontal lesion.&#x0D; Methods. We performed a prospective study of 110 patients of both sexes aged 2555 years with endo-periodontal lesions. The patients were randomized into two groups the main group (n=54), whose received root canal treatment and periodontal pockets with a diode laser in addition to standard therapy, which included endodontic and periodontal treatment, and control group (n=56), whose patients received only standard treatment. The GreenVermillion oral hygiene index and Russells periodontal index, as well as the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the mixed saliva of patients, were determined during the study. Quantitative data were described using median, lower and upper quartiles. These data were visualized using boxplots. The MannWhitney U test was used to compare differences between an independent set of quantitative data. Differences were considered significant at a confidence level of p 0.05.&#x0D; Results. The median oral hygiene index decreased from 2.9 to 1.0 (p 0.001) in the main group and from 2.9 to 1.6 (p 0.001) in the control group. The median Russell's periodontal index decreased from 3.38 to 1.3 (p 0.001) in the main group and from 3.95 to 2.0 (p 0.001) in the control group. The median immunoglobulin A content decreased from 5.25 to 3.13 mg/L (p 0.001) in the main group and from 5.23 to 4.21 mg/L (p 0.001) in the control group. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha level decreased from 16.65 pg/ml in the main group and 18.28 pg/ml in the control group to 3.96 and 8.44 pg/ml (p 0.001), respectively. The median cytokine interleukin-10 levels increased from 0.83 to 2.94 pg/ml (p 0.001) in the main group and from 1.29 to 2.13 pg/ml (p 0.001) in the control group.&#x0D; Conclusion. The use of a diode laser in the treatment of endo-periodontal lesions has a positive effect on the dynamics of clinical and immunological parameters, as evidenced by a statistically significant decrease in clinical indices, as well as the normalization of the immunoglobulin A and cytokine levels in mixed saliva.

One Year Clinical Evaluation of E-max Press Crowns Retained with Fiber Reinforced Composite Post Versus E-max Press Endocrowns in Anterior Endodontically Treated Teeth (A Randomized Clinical Trial)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess patient satisfaction, gross fracture and marginal adaptation of e.max press endocrowns versus e.max press crowns retained with Fiber reinforced composite post (FRCP) and core in upper anterior teeth. Material and methods: The present study included 24 patients seeking root canal treatment in anterior upper arch. The patients received root canal treatment (RCT) then they were randomly assigned into two groups (n=12). The first group received preparation for the IPS e.max crowns retained with FRCP and core and the second group received preparation for the IPS e.max endocrowns. Press technique was used for the fabrication of both restorations using IPS e.max press ingots. Marginal integrity and gross fracture were evaluated using USPHS criteria and a questionnaire was conducted to evaluate patient satisfaction. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results: There was no statistical significant difference regarding gross fracture of both groups after 12 months (p-value = 0.093, Effect size = 0.447), meanwhile; group 1 was statistically significantly higher than group 2 regarding marginal integrity (p-value = 0.037, Effect size = 0.513). Regarding patient satisfaction FRCP and core group showed statistical significant higher satisfaction than endocrown group (p-value = 0.047, Effect size = 0.447). Conclusion: E.max press endocrowns revealed successful performance similar to e.max press crowns retained with FRCP in terms of gross fracture, however better marginal adaptation and patient satisfaction was obtained with e.max press crowns retained with FRC post and core group. Keywords Anterior teeth; Endocrown; Endodontically treated teeth; Fiber Post; E.max.

Pull-Out Bond Strength of Titanium Post Cemented with Novel Fast-Setting Calcium Silicate Cement.

Objective:The aim of this study was to compare the pull-out bond strength of prefabricated titanium posts cemented with novel fast-setting calcium silicate, zinc phosphate, or glass ionomer cements.Methods:Sixty extracted human maxillary incisors were selected and received root canal treatment. Post space was prepared for titanium ParaPost XP size 5 (diameter=1.25 mm). The posts were cemented using novel calcium silicate cement, zinc phosphate cement, or glass ionomer cement (n=20). Specimens were stored in phosphate-buffered saline for 4 weeks. Subsequently, the posts were subjected to axial tensile force until bond failure. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by multiple comparisons.Results:The posts cemented with novel calcium silicate cement (10.5±3.8 MPa) demonstrated significantly higher bond strength than zinc phosphate (8.0±2.6 MPa) and glass ionomer cements (8.0±2.7 MPa) (P<0.05).Conclusion:Within the limitation of the study, the pull-out bond strength of titanium post cemented with novel calcium silicate cement in endodontically treated teeth was superior to zinc phosphate and glass ionomer cements.

What is the evidence of outcomes of endodontically treated cracked teeth?

Data sources Ovid, PubMed and Cochrane were searched using the indexed terms. Additional searches were made using endodontic textbooks and endodontic-related journals.Study selection Two independent reviewers screened the titles, abstracts and/or full text for clinical studies evaluating the treatment outcomes of healthy patients over 18 years of age who received root canal treatment with at least one year in occlusal function.Results The study included four articles and reported an overall survival of 84% after 60 months in endodontically treated cracked teeth. The authors reported that teeth with single crack, cracks contained within crowns and teeth with pre-treatment periodontal probing less than 3 mm had a lower risk of being extracted.Conclusion This study reported a moderately high survival rate of endodontically treated cracked teeth.

Radiographic assessment of endodontic accidents at a Nigerian tertiary health institution: A one-year retrospective study

Introduction: Dental treatment can produce iatrogenic injury to the tooth with endodontic procedural errors occurring during the various stages of endodontic treatment. This study determined the prevalence and pattern of endodontic accidents in clinical practice at a tertiary health center in Nigeria.&#x0D; Methodology: This was a retrospective study of teeth treated with conventional hand-held file systems. Digital peri-apical working length, pre-obturation and post obturation radiographic images of teeth which received root canal treatment, were assessed for the presence or absence of errors. All errors present were recorded and data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 22.0.&#x0D; Results: The prevalence of procedural errors was 31.3% with ledges being the most prevalent error followed by transportation while gouging was the least encountered error. Majority (83.8%) of the errors occurred during root canal instrumentation. A higher proportion of molars had errors compared to the other types of teeth with the prevalence of errors increasing from incisors to premolars and then to molar teeth. The mandibular molars were found to be most frequently involved in procedural errors.&#x0D; Conclusion: The prevalence of procedural errors seems high. Practitioners should show greater care during the canal preparation stage and to maintain the accuracy of the working length throughout the procedure, as errors which occur during canal preparation accounted for the vast majority of errors seen in this study. Special care should be taken when working on molars, which had a significantly higher error rate when compared to anterior teeth or premolars.

Root-end restoration using MTA against the intractable cases of root canal treatment

Root-end restoration using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) was performed on two patients who received root canal treatment but had poor progress. In one case, a large amount of Calcium hydroxide(Ca (OH)2), a intracanal medicament, escaped from a wide-open apex, stagnated around the tooth root, and the apical lesion did not disappear. The other case is a case where the root canal at the apical part has a complicated anatomical form, the root canal cannot be tightly packed, and the apical lesion has not disappeared. Root-end restoration using MTA was performed on these two cases, and improvement of the lesion was confirmed. From these results, it was shown that Root-end restoration using MTA is effective for patients with poor prognosis of root canal treatment for which the apical portion cannot be tightly packed for various reasons. Keywords: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate; MTA; Root-end restoration