Receivedconsiderable Attention Research Articles

Objective Vision-Based Testing in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Bibliography

The area of traumatic brain injury has received considerable attention in the medical and related health care communities over the past three decades. One major focus has been on the constellation of visual deficits and correlated symptoms frequently found in these patients. A subset of intense focus has involved the use of objectively-based vision testing for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. The assembled bibliography provides a listing of the major published research papers and chapters over the past 30 years involving objective vision testing using an array of instrumentations and protocols. This should help both the clinician and researcher obtain a broad perspective in this important and rapidly evolving area.

Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Substituted Triazole Phenyl Methanones from Substituted Anilines

Triazoles, a five-membered ring structure and three nitrogen atoms, are regarded as important building blocks for the synthesis of numerous organic compounds. Triazoles and their derivatives have received considerable attention over the past decade due to their chemotherapeutic value. It’s been thought to be a functional core that exhibits most varieties of biological activity mainly antibiotics, antimicrobials and antifungals. In present work, a series of novel substituted triazole phenylmethanones were synthesized using Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction of 1-(5-methyl-1-(substituted phenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-ethan-1-one (3a-d) and some aromatic aldehydes. Final compounds (5a-f) were synthesized from compounds 4a-d, hydrazine hydrate and benzoic acid by sequential reactions having intermolecular conjugate addition and formation of hydrazone. All the intermediate and final compounds were characterized from the mass, elemental and 1H NMR spectral data.

Nanoparticle and Stem Cell Combination Therapy for the Management of Stroke.

Stroke is currently one of the primary causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, the available treatments for stroke are still extremely limited. Indeed, stem cell (SC) therapy is a new option for the treatment of stroke that could significantly expand the therapeutic time window of stroke. Some proposed mechanisms for stroke-based SC therapy are the incorporation of SCs into the host brain to replace dead or damaged cells/tissues. Moreover, acute cell delivery can inhibit apoptosis and decrease lesion size, providing immunomudolatory and neuroprotection effects. However, several major SC problems related to SCs such as homing, viability, uncontrolled differentiation, and possible immune response, have limited SC therapy. A combination of SC therapy with nanoparticles (NPs) can be a solution to address these challenges. NPs have received considerable attention in regulating and controlling the behavior of SCs because of their unique physicochemical properties. By reviewing the pathophysiology of stroke and the therapeutic benefits of SCs and NPs, we hypothesize that combined therapy will offer a promising future in the field of stroke management. In this work, we discuss recent literature in SC research combined with NP-based strategies that may have a synergistic outcome after stroke incidence.

Optimal design of hydrometric station networks based on complex network analysis

Abstract. Hydrometric networks play a vital role in providing information for decision-making in water resource management. They should be set up optimally to provide as much information as possible that is as accurate as possible and, at the same time, be cost-effective. Although the design of hydrometric networks is a well-identified problem in hydrometeorology and has received considerable attention, there is still scope for further advancement. In this study, we use complex network analysis, defined as a collection of nodes interconnected by links, to propose a new measure that identifies critical nodes of station networks. The approach can support the design and redesign of hydrometric station networks. The science of complex networks is a relatively young field and has gained significant momentum over the last few years in different areas such as brain networks, social networks, technological networks, or climate networks. The identification of influential nodes in complex networks is an important field of research. We propose a new node-ranking measure – the weighted degree–betweenness (WDB) measure – to evaluate the importance of nodes in a network. It is compared to previously proposed measures used on synthetic sample networks and then applied to a real-world rain gauge network comprising 1229 stations across Germany to demonstrate its applicability. The proposed measure is evaluated using the decline rate of the network efficiency and the kriging error. The results suggest that WDB effectively quantifies the importance of rain gauges, although the benefits of the method need to be investigated in more detail.

Object Manipulation and Tool Use in Nicobar Long-Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis umbrosus)

Object manipulation and tool use by nonhuman primates have received considerable attention from primatologists and anthropologists, because of their broad implications for understanding the evolution of tool use in humans. To date, however, most of the studies on this topic have focused on apes, given their close evolutionary relationship with humans. In contrast, fewer studies on tool use and object manipulation have been conducted on monkeys. Documenting and studying object manipulation and tool use in species that are more distantly related to humans can provide a broader perspective on the evolutionary origins of this behavior. We present a detailed description of tool-aided behaviors and object manipulation by Nicobar long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis umbrosus) living along the coastlines of Great Nicobar Island. We made observations from December 2018 to March 2019, using ad libitum and focal sampling methods. We observed behaviors related to object manipulation and tool use in six different behavioral contexts (foraging, hygiene, communication, play, self-directed and self-hygiene behavior) involving eight different types of objects: resonance rod, play object, rolling platform, scraping tool, dental groom, pounding substrate, leaves as grip pads and wipers, and stimulation tool. We observed that males were involved in tool use and object manipulation more frequently than females. Our results add to existing records of object manipulation, tool-use behavior, and tool variants displayed by nonhuman primates, showing that Nicobar macaques perform multiple and diverse tool-aided behaviors.

Metal-template Condensation of 1,3-Diamino-2-propanol and Formaldehyde: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a New Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex

Department of Chemistry, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, KoreaReceived August 25, 2012, Accepted September 17, 2012Key Words : Dinuclear copper(II) complex, Reductive methylation, Crystal structure, Magnetic properties,Template condensationPolynuclear transition metal complexes with relativelystrong intramolecular metal-metal interactions have receivedconsiderable attention because of their interesting chemicalproperties and/or potential applications in various fields,such as supramolecular chemistry, catalysts for organicreactions, and materials chemistry.

Galicia: A Multicultural Land by Christopher Hann , Paul Robert Magocsi (review)

REVIEWS 365 Hann, Christopher and Magocsi, Paul Robert(eds). Galicia: A Multicultural Land. University of Toronto Press,Toronto, ON, Buffalo,NY and London, 2006. ix + 259 pp. Map. Illustrations. Notes. Index. $35.00:£20.00 (paperback). The articles collected inthisvolumewereoriginally presented at a conference on Galicia, held in May 1998 at the University of Ârhus,Denmark.The elevenspecialists fromvariousacademic disciplines and different countries represented herehavemadeimportant contributions tothehistory ofGalicia overthelastfifteen years.In thisrespect thevolumesummarizes largely recent historical and cultural researchon Galicia,together withCzaplicka'srecent collection ofarticles on thehistory ofLwów/Lviv (John Czaplicka[ed.],Lviv: A City inthe Crosscurrents ofCulture, HarvardUkrainian Studies, 24,Cambridge, MA, 2002).As suchthepublication is verywelcome. Paul RobertMagocsi,co-editor of thevolumeand an authorof a wellknowngeneralhistory ofUkraine,outlines in hisintroduction threeaspects whichcharacterize the regionand whichhe considersas veryhelpfulfor itsunderstanding: first, tradeand commerceand mostimportantly Galicia's economicdeclinein thenineteenth century; secondly, itsethnicdiversity (he namesparticularly the Jews, Ukrainians, Poles,GermansandArmenians) and, thirdly, the Habsburgheritage, above all 'mutualconflicting claimsto the sameterritory' (p. 15)and Ukrainian patriotism. Magocsiidentifies Galiciaas historic Galicia,whichmeanspre-1772 and EasternGalicia. Takingtheintroductory remarks as a guideline forthevolumeone has to makesomereservations. Firstly, ifwe identify Galicia as historic Galicia and excludefromit thehistory ofWesternGalicia (in thisvolumeKai Struve's articleon 'Peasantsand Patriotic Celebrations in HabsburgGalicia' is the onlyexceptionin thisrespect) thenone mighthave expectedto see several contributions on Galicia's pre-1772 history in the volume.Yet onlyJerzy Motylewicz's discussion ofthevariousethnic communities inthetownsofthe Polish-Ukrainian borderland hasa clearfocuson thepre-nineteenth centuries. Secondly, ifethnicdiversity is a specific marker oftheregion, and bearingin mindthetitleofthevolume('a multicultural land'),thenone is disappointed by thefactthatthevolumecontainsonlyarticleson Ukrainian-Polish and Orthodox-Catholic relations. Jews,who constituted an important part of Galicia's populationover manycenturies and whose history/ histories has receivedconsiderable attention in the 1990s,are hardlyrepresented (JohnPaul Himka'scompetent overview ofGalicia'sreligious diversity treats them at leastto someextent). Mostarticles focuson variousaspectsofGalicia'shistory inthenineteenth and thefirst halfofthetwentieth century as one might have expected.The Polishhistorian Stanislaw Stçpienreminds us abouttheimportant rolewhich Przemysl - and particularly itsGreekCatholicChurch- hasplayedin the earlynineteenth century forthe'Rutheniannationalawakening' (p. 55).The Ukrainianhistorian Volodymyr Potul'nyts'kyi approachesthe questionof Galicianidentity at theturnofthetwentieth century withintheUkrainian context bycomparing twoimagesfrom Ukrainians from outsideGalicia and twoimagesfrom within Galicia.Although hisconclusion is notveryoriginal, thatallfour'regarded Galiciaas partofa single Ukrainian patrimony' (p.97), 366 SEER, 87, 2, APRIL 200g the approachmakesquite interesting reading.The articleby the German historian Kai Struveon thepatriotic celebrations of Polishand Ukrainian peasantsis one of thefinest in thevolume.He comparesUkrainiancommemorations of the abolitionof peasantserfdom and theirtransformation intonational festivals sincetheendofthenineteenth century and Polishpeasant pilgrimages whichfulfilled a rathersimilar- national- aim. Anna VeronikaWendland analysesthe nationalization of the public spherein interwar Lviv.The nationalization ofwar memories dividedand segregated theurbanpublicspherealong nationallinesand she stresses thatrumours playeda keyrolein their making. The volumeconcludes withthreearticles on Galicia'smorerecent history, thetimeperiodafterthecollapseof Communism in EasternEurope.The British geographer Luiza Bialasiewiczfocuseson the questionof how discourse on the Habsburg legacy has shaped discourseon the region's Europeanbelonging.She is particularly interested in the Polish-Ukrainian 'geographical imaginary' oftheregionaimedatpresenting thisborderland 'as a historical spaceofcoexistence and contentment' (p. 163).The Lvivhistorian Yaroslav Hrytsak analysesthe phenomenonof regionalism in Galicia. He tracesUkrainian nationalization oftheregion's history backtothe1860s,and pointsto selective forgetting withrespect to otherethno-confessional groups and to thedevelopment ofa rather exclusive Ukrainiannationalidentity in theregionin thetwentieth century, itself mostprobablya result oftherival Polishnationalnarrative. Contemporary Galicia is peripheral in Ukrainein manywaysand youngintellectuals from theregionhaveresponded recently to thisprocessby claiming somekindofautonomy forGalicia. The British anthropologist ChrisHann examines theentanglement oftheGreekCatholic ChurchwithUkrainian nationalism inthenineteenth and twentieth centuries in Przemys'l - whichaccording to hisanalysis alienatedsomeofthefaithful fromthechurch- and thestruggle fora new multiculturalism in thecity after 1991, whichhas stilltobe established. The volume,whichcontainsa map of Galicia and an index,convinces onlypartially: whilemostofthearticles arewellresearched, argueclearly and thusdeserve attention, thegeneralstructure ofthepublication does notmeet theexpectations whichone mighthave had on openingthebook. Paul R. Magocsi is certainly right withhis advice thattheeconomichistory of the regionshouldbe takenmoreseriously intoconsideration. Historisches Seminar G. Hausmann AlbertLudwigs Universität Freiburg Bitis,Alexander.RussiaandtheEastern Question: Army, Government, andSociety 1815-1833. A British AcademyPostdoctoral Fellowship Monograph.The British Academyand OxfordUniversity Press,Oxford, 2006.xxiii+ 542 pp. Maps. Notes.Bibliography. Index.£75.00. The EasternQuestioninRussianstudies has curiously slippedoff theagenda ofmuchmodernscholarship oflate,thelastmajorstudies in thisarea being byM. E. Yapp andM. S. Anderson inthe1960sand 1970s. Itperhaps became ...

Nonequilibrium diffusion induced by a spatio-temporal fluctuation

Spatio-temporal generalization of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process has been receivedconsiderable attention in the context of coagulations in a random flow. We shall explore thediffusion process with a symmetric spatio-temporal correlated noise in the presence of theexternal force for the underdamped case. In a nontrivial short correlation limit, the role ofspatial correlation is explored and a Fokker–Planck equation is derived based on thestochastic Liouville equation. Our Fokker–Planck equation interpolates the recentlyproposed diffusion equation describing the generalized Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes andthe traditional Kramers equation. In the small limit of the characteristic value ofthe momentum given by the mass, spatial and temporal correlation lengths, thediffusion coefficient is proportional to the inverse of the momentum. On the otherhand, for the large limit of the characteristic momentum constant, the usualBrownian motion without spatial randomness is reproduced. The analytic form ofthe steady state distribution is numerically verified with use of the stochasticsimulation.

Recognition and Discrimination of Human Actions Across the Senses of Echolocation and Vision in the Bottlenose Dolphin: Evidence for Dolphin Cross-modal Integration of Dynamic Information

The ability of cetaceans to explore and interpret their world via echolocation has receivedconsiderable attention during recent years, and the resulting body of work has revealed asophisticated cetacean echolocation system. In addition, a number of recent studies suggest thatdolphins can relate information that they receive from vision with information that they obtainfrom echolocation when this information concerns stationary objects. However, the present studyis the first test of the cetacean ability to integrate dynamic information about movement acrossthe two senses. Three adult female bottlenose dolphins that had previously learned to interpretvisible movements produced by humans stationed on floating docks were asked to interpret a setof these movements produced by an underwater human located behind a visually opaque screen.Although each dolphin had previously demonstrated its ability to reliably interpret movementsproduced by a human in the air above the surface of the water, none of the dolphins had anyprevious experience with underwater humans producing movements that the dolphins could seeor with underwater humans producing movements behind an opaque screen that prevented thedolphins from using visual information to interpret these signals. The dolphins quickly learned tocorrectly respond to signals that they could not see but could observe via echolocation. Theseresults demonstrate that dolphins can relate visual and echoic representations of actions,although the amount of experience necessary for such integration has yet to be determined.

Mechanism for oxygen enhanced crack growth in inconel 718

Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Zettlemoyer Center forSurface Studies, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA(Received September 25, 2000)(Accepted in revised form January 11, 2001)Keywords: Oxygen enhanced crack growth; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); Niobium;Crack growth mechanism; Ni base alloyIntroductionNickel based superalloys are used extensively in high temperature applications, for example, turbinedisks in jet engines. Since turbine discs operate in air at 700 to 973 K, these alloys have receivedconsiderable attention with respect to their sensitivity to environmentally enhanced crack growth(EECG). Previous studies have shown that oxygen increased the rates of crack growth in niobiumcontaining alloys (such as Inconel 718, Rene-95 and3750) at high temperatures (.800K) by up to 4.5orders of magnitude over those observed in an inert environment (1–7). Several mechanisms have beensuggested for this crack growth enhancement which include: (a) the oxidation of metallic carbides orcarbon at the grain boundaries to form high pressures of CO and CO

High Power Rare Earth Magnetostrictive Materials

Magnetic materials capable of producing strains greater than 10-3 have received con siderable attention over the last few years. This is partly due to recent interest in fields such as de formable surfaces, active vibration control, and precision machining, where large forces and small displacements are required, and partly due to the commercial availability of the new materials. These magnetostrictive materials have the advantage of functioning under adverse environmental conditions and elevated temperatures, plus the capability to regulate stress and displacements at low frequencies. In this paper, we review the properties of two high power magnetostrictive materials: (1) TbxDy1-x alloys and (2) TbxDy 1-xFe2 (Terfenol-D) alloys (0 ≤ x ≤ 1).

Assessing Instructional Leadership Effectiveness with “G” Theory

Discusses current methodological problems with principal performance appraisal and evaluation methods which have received considerable attention in the literature. Suggests that administrative performance appraisals can be conducted using a measurement technique called generalizability theory (”G” theory). Introduces “G” theory as a method for improving the dependability of principal performance appraisals.

The Process of Manufacturing Strategy: Some Empirical Observations and Conclusions

Manufacturing strategy has become a subject of increasing importance to practice and research. It involves two elements: content and process. The content of manufacturing strategy has recently received considerable attention. The process of manufacturing strategy has not received the same level of emphasis. There is little prescriptive literature on the subject, and even less literature of an empirical nature. It is argued that effective manufacturing strategy is inseparable from an effective process for the development of manufacturing strategy. This article provides some beginnings with regard to the process of manufacturing strategy by (1) exploring and drawing out concepts and methodologies in existing literature which can contribute to the process of manufacturing strategy, (2) reporting on an empirical study of the process of manufacturing strategy involving 53 manufacturing executives within organisations primarily from the midwest region of the USA, and (3) developing implications for future practice and research.

"Coz It Izny Spelt When They Say It": Displaying Dialect in Writing

NE OF THE TOPICS THAT HAS RECEIVED considerable attention in recent years is the extent to which there are differences between written and spoken language (Akinnaso, 1982, 1985; Biber 1986; Chafe and Tannen 1987; Horowitz and Samuels 1987; Tannen 1982). This has come about partly because of the interest in different kinds of discourse (Brown and Yule 1983, Levinson 1983, Stubbs 1983). There is a fundamental problem, however, in that it is generally not written and spoken language that are being contrasted but rather language for which the writer is directly responsible and language which has been transcribed (usually) by someone other than the speaker. In other words, what are being compared are two forms of written language, one direct and the other indirect (cf. Linell 1982, 29). For this reason, but not for this reason alone, the form of transcription chosen to represent spoken langauge is of critical importance. I have been preoccupied with this question for the past three years, during which I have been working on a corpus of twelve interviews which were transcribed in their entirety, comprising a total of 120,000 words (Macaulay 1991). The question arose in a very basic form because many characteristics of this variety of English (southwest Scots) can be represented by normal orthography without indicating how they differ from other, better-known varieties. English orthography provides an interesting example of a writing system that can accommodate a wide variety of different pronunciations. An obvious example is the fact that it can as easily represent so-called nonrhotic dialects (i.e., those where orthographic r is not pronounced before a consonant or in word-final position) as those in which the r is pronounced. Nothing in the written text indicates whether the writer speaks a rhotic or nonrhotic dialect. A more restricted example is the spelling gh before t. In some Scottish dialects the gh is still pronounced as a velar fricative /x/ so that, for example, the word brought is pronounced /broxt/. Where the retention of historical /x/ has affected the application of the Great Vowel Shift, there is no diphthongization and, for example, night occurs as /nixt/. Once again, there is nothing in the orthographic form to indicate how the writer pronounces such words. Similarly, the representation of vowels in English orthography has changed little since Chaucer's time, despite the

Organometallic thin films for erasable photochromatic laser discs

ABSTRACTA new category of erasable optical storage media, M11 (TCNQ) films, is described. The photochromatic effect ofthis organometallic charge-transfer complex can give high contrast patterns directly produced on the film by pulsed photon beams generated from a He-Ne tube or a semiconductor laser. The patterns are erasable by the same light sourceunder different irradiating conditions. Typical experimental results were as follows: 1. For = 632.8 nm, write-in power = 16 mW, pulse duration = 300 ns; erasing power = 8 mW, pulse duration = 25 s; coefficient of contrast K > 50 % ; number of write-erase cycles N > 1000.2. For A. = 830.0 nm, write-in power — 12 mW, pulse duration = 650 ns; erasing power = 4 mW, pulse duration = 15 cs; K > 25%; N > 120. 1. INTRODUCTIONThe interaction of a laser radiation with matter in optical storage systems, known as laser discs, has receivedconsiderable attention because its storage density can be 10 - 10 bit/cm2, i.e. 10 - 100 times greater than that of any

A new nonparametric approach to the problem of agreement between two groups of judges

The problem of agreement between two or more groups of judges has receivedconsiderable attention during the past decede, beginning with the papers by Schucany & Frawley (1973) and Hollander & Sethuraman (1978). Twovery different definitions of agreement have emerged in the literature. The first states that two groups of judges agree if they use the same probability distribution to select their rank vectors, while the second defines agreement In terms of correlation coefficients. We utilize the first definition in developing a new approach to solving this agreement problem, relying heavily on computer-generated tables