Recall Intervention Research Articles

The Challenge of a Recall Program from a Community-Based Hepatitis C Screening Campaign: The Effectiveness in HCV Microelimination.

The optimal strategy for the microelimination of HCV within community settings remains ambiguous. We evaluated the percentage of participants who achieved linkage to care (LTC) following the conclusion of a screening campaign and examined the diverse factors influencing LTC among these individuals. The effectiveness of recall intervention for the non-LTC population and its barriers were analyzed. We initiated an HCV patient recall program to identify HCV participants who might not be treated after the HCV screening campaign. The program staff recalled HCV participants who were lost to follow-up via telephone from March 2019 to June 2019. They were informed of HCV treatment's importance, efficacy, availability, and safety. Among 185 participants infected with HCV, 109 (58.9%) obtained LTC. Compared with those who had LTC, those without LTC were older, had lower education levels, were less aware of their HCV infection, less frequently lived in urban areas, and had less health insurance. At the end of the recall program, 125 (67.6%) persons had linkage to care. The proportion of LTC increased by 8.7%. In total, 119 persons had an HCV RNA test, and 82 (68.9%) had viremia. Of the 82 patients with viremia, 78 (95.1%) received antiviral therapy, and 76 (97.4%) achieved a sustained virological response. After a community screening campaign, 59% of participants with anti-HCV-positive tests had LTC. The recall program increased this by 9%. However, 32% of HCV participants still could not be linked to care. Outreach care for non-LTC patients is a method worth trying in order to achieve the microelimination of HCV in rural communities.

Reducing ethnic discrimination in resume-screening: a test of two training interventions

ABSTRACT Resume-screening by human raters is vulnerable to hiring discrimination but recruiter training as a way to overcome biased resume-screening is under-researched. The present study addresses this gap. Building on key cognitive processes that steer discriminatory decision-making in resume-screening and insights from diversity literature, we investigated the effectiveness of two cognitive training interventions (i.e., a culture-general assimilator and a structured free recall intervention) for reducing hiring discrimination against ethnic minority job applicants in the resume-screening stage. A pre-test, repeated post-test experimental study showed initial hiring discrimination (i.e., less positive evaluations of minority job applicants than majority ones), which was reduced shortly after both training interventions. Hiring discrimination, however, resurfaced 3 months later for both interventions. The culture-general assimilator also positively affected participants’ perceived ability to suppress stereotypes, both short-term and long-term. Findings are considered in the light of a comparison of these training interventions, their programme features, and their compatibility with the resume-screening task. Implications for prejudice reduction initiatives, their potential differential effects, and further research are also discussed.

Remembering the past to live better in the future: A feasibility randomised controlled trial of memory specificity training for motivation in psychosis

Background and objectivesPeople with a diagnosis of psychosis often experience low motivation and reduced activity levels. Autobiographical memory deficits have been identified in people with psychosis and this may limit the role of memory retrieval in supporting motivation. This pilot study adapted a recently developed protocol, Memflex, which aims to enhance autobiographical memory and has shown promise in depression. Our brief intervention targets experiential negative symptoms of psychosis using supported autobiographical memory retrieval. MethodA sample of 31 participants with psychosis were recruited from inpatient and community settings and randomised in a 2:1 ratio to either a basic recall control or an enhanced recall intervention group. Participants were asked to generate positive autobiographical memories linked to activities they wish to repeat in the future. The enhanced recall condition received additional prompts from the Memflex protocol, and the basic recall condition received no additional support. ResultsThe intervention delivered was acceptable (rated >80%) and feasible (94% adherence) to those who took part. Participants were able to generate positive autobiographical memories linked to their goals and experienced appropriate emotions linked to these. The controlled preliminary effect sizes (0.2–0.34) showed encouraging signals for self-efficacy, motivation and a reduction in negative mood. LimitationsAs this was a pilot study with a small sample size between-group tests of statistical significance were not conducted, and therefore findings should be interpreted with caution. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that guided autobiographical memory retrieval may be an effective way tool for targeting motivation in people with psychosis.

Using a 3-Day Physical Activity Recall as Homework to Increase Physical Activity in Rural Appalachian School Youth: A 3-Week Pilot Intervention Program

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a 3-Day Physical Activity Recall (3DPAR) intervention program on the physical activity (PA) levels of rural Appalachian school youth. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which the pre- and postlevel of PA in rural Appalachian school youth has been assessed following a 3DPAR intervention program. A sample of 76 school youth (M age = 13.3 years) recruited from three secondary schools in the Appalachian region was included in the final analyses. To assess intervention effects such as steps per day and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) minutes per day, we had participants wear sealed NL-1000 piezoelectric pedometers for 7 days at pre- and posttest. For this 3-week pilot intervention, participants recorded daily activity using a 3DPAR self-report instrument. Participants received two educational sessions during the first three classes of the intervention period. We utilized a MANOVA to determine the effects of intervention participation on pre- versus posttest for the whole week, weekdays, and weekends. Youth who completed the 3DPAR-delivered intervention significantly increased their step counts on the weekends. Future studies should evaluate whether a longer intervention including a control group could result in improving PA over the long term. Subscribe to TPE

방문간호사의 재가노인 인지기능장애 관리에 대한 실태조사: 광역시보건소와 중소도시보건소를 중심으로

【Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status and characteristics of visiting nurses' management for elders with cognitive impairment living in a community focused on health centers in a metropolitan city and five medium-sized cities. Methods: Data were collected from 47 visiting nurses working in a metropolitan city and 47 visiting nurses working in five medium-sized cities from November to December 2012. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and nursing behaviors of cognitive impairment between two groups (F=2.13, p=.148; F=3.64, p=.060; F=0.28, p=.595). Among the elders referred to a physician in a metropolitan city by visiting nurses, 42.4% were diagnosed as mild cognitive impairment and 15.2% were diagnosed as severe dementia. The major intervention programs which visiting nurses currently applied for elders were medication and exercise intervention programs, and the intervention programs which they would want to apply in the future were playing, music and recall intervention programs. Conclusion: The cognitive impairment screening test can be done effectively by visiting nurses. This study also suggests to develop various kinds of intervention programs to improve cognitive function for elders living in a community.】

Redesign of quality improvement work methods in the community in the health care organization in Israel

Background Comprehensive and coordinated management of chronic disease is a major challenge for healthcare systems. Clalit Health Services, a non-profit health fund, insures 4 million people in Israel, and provides comprehensive care through 1,300 primary and secondary clinics and 14 hospitals. The base of the health care is 1150 multi-professional primary care health centers. Clalit has a computerized database that tracks all services used by the members of the health fund. The data is linked to performance measurements by 52 indicators of care. This study describes the introduction and implementation of an innovative work model and assesses its influence on quality improvement, patient satisfaction, and waiting times, without the need for additional resources. Redesign of the quality improvement actions in the clinic using the unique features of each profession to improve clinical quality and performance with emphasis on team work and use of the computerized indicators’ data for initiation of proactive interventions in patients’ care. Interventions included structured work process from population level to single patient level and computerized tools supporting the identification of patients for recall and active intervention during the visit. The only resources were reserved time for primary care providers to concentrate on clinical quality promotion. The adoption of the program was promoted by widespread publishing of the results in the organization and continuous follow up of the results.

Nigerian mothers opinion of reminder/recall for immunization

Introduction: Reminder/recall interventions have been shown to improve immunization coverage. The perception of mothers/caregivers may influence the outcome of such interventions. The attitude of Nigerian mothers to reminders/ recalls using cell phones was evaluated.Methods: This was a crosssectional observational study carried out (August to October 2012) on mothers attending the child welfare clinic of the Institute of Child Health, University of Benin, Benin City. The instrument was an interviewer administered questionnaire which sought information on respondents’ access to phones, their ability to read, perception and preference with regard to reminders/ recalls.Results: All 203 mothers had access to a phone although 188 (92.6%) currently owned a phone. Majority of the mothers 163 (80.3%) could read. Of the 203 mothers 127(62.6%) agreed that mothers should be reminded about immunization appointments of their children. Of those who disagreed, most agreed that mothers who forget/did not keep appointments could be reminded. More mothers 126(70.8%) favoured reminders compared to recalls 52 (29.2%) There was no significant difference in the proportion of mothers who preferred telephone calls and those who preferred text messages. Those with post secondary education were more likely to prefer text messages.Conclusion: The mothers studied are favourably disposed to receipt of reminder/ recalls for their children’s immunization appointments. There is good access to telephones among the study population enough to support the use of this technology for a reminder / recall intervention but the use of text messages may be limited by literacy.Key words: Reminder, Recall,Nigerian, Mothers

Randomized Controlled Trial of an Immunization Recall Intervention for Adolescents

Determine if adolescent immunization rates can be improved by contacting the parents or by contacting both the parents and adolescents. Thirteen- to 17-year-olds overdue for at least 1 of 3 immunizations were randomized to (1) a control arm (Control), (2) telephone calls to the parent/guardian (Parent Only), or (3) telephone calls to the parent/guardian and the adolescent (Parent/Adol). Immunization records were assessed 4 weeks and 1 year after the intervention. Two-sided χ(2) tests and logistic regression models were used to compare receipt of immunizations by study arm. The intention-to-treat analysis showed improved immunization rates at 4 weeks (adjusted odds ratio 2.27, 95% confidence interval 1.00-5.18), but not at 1 year, in the Parent/Adol group compared with controls. There was a trend toward increased immunization in the Parent Only group (odds ratio 2.02, 95% confidence interval 0.89-4.56). However, phone contact was not achieved for many parents and adolescents in the intervention groups. A post hoc analysis of the impact of actual phone contact showed significant improvement in immunization rates both 4 weeks and 1 year after the intervention among those who were reached successfully. Improvement in immunization rates was seen in the short term but not the long term after contacting both the parent and adolescent. Although telephone interventions may be effective when rapid immunization is necessary, the difficulty in reaching parents and adolescents by phone highlights the importance of up-to-date contact information and a need to assess the effectiveness of alternative means of communication.

Randomized Controlled Trial of an Immunization Recall Intervention for Adolescents

Randomized Controlled Trial of an Immunization Recall Intervention for Adolescents

Testing the Structured Free Recall Intervention for Reducing the Impact of Bodyweight-Based Stereotypes on Performance Ratings in Immediate and Delayed Contexts

Purpose This article investigates the efficacy of the Structured Free Recall Intervention (SFRI; J Bus Psychol 15:229–246, 2000a; Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 82:237–267, 2000b ) for reducing the impact of bodyweight-based stereotype endorsement on performance ratings, both immediately and when a time delay occurs between the observation and rating of performance.

A patient recall program to enhance decisions about prostate cancer screening: A feasibility study

BackgroundLack of time and competing demands limit the ability of patients and providers to engage in informed decision-making discussions about prostate cancer screening during primary care visits. We evaluated a patient recall invervention to mitigate these challenges.MethodsUsing mail and telephone outreach we invited men age 50-74 years without a PSA test in the prior 12 months to make appointments with their primary care providers in order to discuss the pros and cons of PSA-based prostate cancer screening. We assessed patient responsiveness to the program, provider documentation of screening discussions, orders for PSA laboratories, and provider attitudes.ResultsOut of 80 eligible patients, 37 (46%) scheduled and 28 (35%) completed a recall appointment. A large majority (91%) of patients eligible for PSA screening received an order for this test. Providers documented PSA discussions more often for these patients than for a recent sample of their other patients who received traditional care (47.8% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.009). Twelve of 14 participating providers felt the program improved their ability to impart information about the risks and benefits of screening, but were uncertain whether it influenced their patients' preexisting preferences for screening. Some expressed doubts about the advisability of PSA-specific appointments.ConclusionTo a limited extent, this pilot recall intervention enhanced opportunities for discussions of prostate cancer screening between patients and their primary care providers. As currently configured, however, this program was not found to be feasible for this purpose. A future version should promote screening discussions in the context of a broader range of health maintenance concerns and include more detailed, low-literacy information to educate patients in advance of clinic visits.

An Outreach Intervention Increases Bone Densitometry Testing in Older Women

To evaluate the performance of a patient recall intervention that relies on an outreach coordinator with a bachelor's degree to prompt women by mail and telephone about their eligibility for bone densitometry (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)) screening and allow them to schedule an examination without a medical provider visit ahead of time. Observational. Academic general internal medicine practice. Mail- and telephone-based patient recall for DXA. Five hundred sixty-four women aged 65 to 79 at average risk for osteoporosis without a history of DXA. Rates of DXA completion and the change in proportion of screened women during a 7-month intervention period, case finding for clinically significant bone loss, frequency of appropriate clinical follow-up, DXA no-show rates compared with usual care, and clinician satisfaction. Through patient recall, rates of DXA screening rose significantly (P<.001), and the proportion of the eligible clinic population screened increased 13%. Thirty percent of patients had clinically significant bone loss, with almost all of these receiving follow-up. DXA no-show rates were comparable with usual care, and provider acceptance was high. A patient recall intervention substantially increased DXA screening, allowing pharmacological therapy to be started much earlier in some women with significant bone loss. It imposed minimal burden on providers and enhanced patient convenience. This type of program may have utility for additional preventive services.

A patient outreach program between visits improves diabetes care: a pilot study

Barriers to guideline-based diabetes care include poor patient activation, haphazard clinic appointments, poorly organized medical records and a lack of automated physician decision support. We developed a patient recall intervention to mitigate these barriers and improve diabetes care coordination. We evaluated this intervention in terms of operational feasibility, provider and patient acceptance and effects on process of care measures. On the basis of the American Diabetes Association criteria, we identified patients with diabetes in a large internal medicine practice who were due for provider visits; hemoglobin A1c, lipid, microalbumin and serum creatinine laboratories; and retinal examinations. An outreach coordinator contacted patients to summarize this information and schedule recommended services. We assessed patient responsiveness to outreach and used medical chart review to compare diabetes care rendered before and after the intervention. Providers gave feedback about their satisfaction with the program. Over 3 months, 709 patients were overdue for diabetes-related services. Of 415 overdue for provider visits, a total of 125 (30.1%) completed such visits arranged by an outreach coordinator and, of these, 101 (80.8%) completed laboratories at least a day ahead of time. An additional 52 out of 415 patients (12.5%) bypassed the outreach coordinator to self-schedule diabetes visits within a 6-week period after the outreach letter was mailed. Among overdue patients, completion of recommended services and intensity of diabetes care were significantly greater through the outreach program compared with traditional care. Provider attitudes were favorable. An outreach intervention was associated with improved timeliness and intensity of diabetes care in an outpatient setting. The success of this pilot program in terms of process measures warrants additional evaluation focused on clinical outcomes.

Does a structured free recall intervention reduce the effect of stereotypes on performance ratings and by what cognitive mechanism?

The purpose of this article was to extend previous work on the effect of racial biases on performance ratings. The 1st of 2 studies examined whether a structured free recall intervention decreased the influence of negative racial biases on the performance ratings of Black men. Results indicated that without the intervention, raters who endorsed a negative stereotype of Black men as managers evaluated Black men more negatively. However, the structured free recall intervention successfully reduced these effects. The second study examined in more detail the cognitive mechanisms underlying the success of the intervention. Results are consistent with the assumption that the reduction of the influence of racial biases under structured free recall conditions is a consequence of a modified strength threshold for retrieval of behaviors from memory.

Reducing the Effects of Gender Stereotypes on Performance Evaluations

The purpose of this research was to extend previous work on gender bias in performance evaluation. Specifically, we examined whether a structured free recall intervention could decrease the influence of traditional gender-stereotypes on the performance evaluations of women. Two hundred and forty-seven college students provided performance ratings for vignettes that described the performance of male or female college professors. Results indicated that without the intervention, raters who have traditional stereotypes evaluated women less accurately and more negatively. Conversely, the structured free recall intervention successfully eliminated these effects. The usefulness of the structured free recall intervention as a tool for decreasing the influence of gender stereotypes on performance ratings is discussed.

Reducing the Effects of Performance Expectations on Behavioral Ratings

In this study, we develop and test two strategies for reducing the effects of performance expectations on behavioral ratings. A 3 × 3 experimental design (N = 169), manipulating preobservation performance cues (positive, negative, or none) and the type of intervention (halo error training, structured recall memory, or none), was conducted. The results of this study indicate that both interventions reduced the effects of performance expectations on behavioral ratings. However, analyses of rating accuracy and measures from both recognition memory and recall memory tests suggest that the structured recall memory intervention has distinct advantages. These analyses indicate that the structured recall intervention can reduce raters' reliance on heuristics and increase the correspondence between raters' memory and their subsequent ratings.

Understanding and Removing the Effects of Performance Cues on Behavioral Ratings

Previous research has demonstrated that performance information (e.g., prior supervisor ratings) can bias behavioral ratings. However, research has not fully explored the effects of performance cues on raters' memory. In addition, no studies have attempted to eliminate this performance cue effect. This study addressed these deficiencies by collecting both free recall and recognition memory measures while testing an unstructured free recall intervention. Results indicate that performance cues do affect the recall of performance relevant behaviors from memory. Contrary to expectations, free recall did not prove to be an effective intervention. Implications of these findings for future attempts to remove the performance cue effect are discussed.