Reasons For Weight Gain Research Articles

On the issue of obesity in menopause

Obesity is one of the most important medical and social problems, which becomes especially important in women during menopause. Reasons for weight gain after menopause include decreased physical activity and natural aging of the body, as well as estrogen deficiency. A better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of weight gain during this period of a woman’s life allows us to believe that obesity is not inevitable and can be effectively resisted by implementing the principles of a healthy lifestyle, as well as, if necessary, using drug correction.

Exploring women\u2019s thoughts on self-weighing during pregnancy: results of the Self-Weighing in Pregnancy: Experiences (SWIPE) study

BackgroundExcess gestational weight gain is common and an important risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Regular weighing can be used to assess and manage weight gain, but NICE guidelines do not recommend routine weighing during antenatal care. Trials that have tested the effectiveness of self-weighing to manage GWG have been unsuccesful in engaging women in regular self-weighing, although the reasons for lack of engagement are not fully understood. This study aimed to understand why this lack of engagement occurred by exploring the naturally occurring thoughts and feelings of pregnant women (9 to 15 weeks gestational age) who were asked to weigh themselves at home.MethodsTwenty-five women were recruited to take part. Participants completed short questionnaires at their first-trimester and 20-week scans. After recruitment, participants were asked to weigh themselves at roughly the same time each week for 8 weeks. Whilst they weighed themselves they were asked to audio-record their current weight and describe any thoughts or feelings that occurred as they weighed themselves. These audio recordings were then sent to researchers using a secure messaging service.ResultsMost of the recruited women (56%) were unaware of guidelines for gestational weight gain, and only 40% could identify the ideal rate of GWG for their BMI group. Thematic analysis of the think-aloud recordings resulted in three main themes: “understanding weight gain in pregnancy”, “taking action to prevent weight gain” and “reactions to self-weighing”. Overall, there was a relatively positive response to self-weighing and some participants used self-weighing to reflect on the reasons for weight gain and plan actions they could take to avoid excess gain. Negative emotional responses tended to be related to a lack of guidance about what level of weight gain or loss was “healthy”, or to other worries about the pregnancy. Of the women recruited who submitted at least one think aloud recording (n 10), 80% found self-weighing to be useful, and said they would likely continue to self-weigh at home.ConclusionsWomen had complex emotions about self-weighing during pregnancy but overall found it useful, suggesting it could be encouraged as part of self-regulatory interventions to control GWG. Clear guidelines about appropriate gestational weight gain could help to reduce anxiety.Trial registrationThe study was prospectively registered with ISRCTN ISRCTN10035244.

Are New Antiretroviral Treatments Increasing the Risk of Weight Gain?

There is a growing body of evidence from both observational and randomised trials implicating integrase inhibitors, particularly dolutegravir and bictegravir, with the development of weight gain and obesity in people living with HIV. Evidence with cabotegravir, the newest integrase inhibitor, is limited. Reasons for weight gain are currently unknown. Proposed mechanisms include improved tolerability, direct impact on adipogenesis, and gut microbiome disturbance. Clinical trials have found that weight gain with integrase inhibitors is greatest for women and people of Black ethnicity. Evidence suggests that the nucleoside reverse transcriptase backbone has additional effects on weight gain, with tenofovir alafenamide potentially enhancing the weight gain effect. Weight gain and obesity have long-term consequences, including metabolic syndrome, development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and adverse birth outcomes. However, the current evidence for the medium and long-term effects of weight gain associated with integrase inhibitors is limited. There is an urgent need for clinical trials with longer follow-up periods and standardised endpoints to evaluate these effects. New thresholds for weight gain should be established as guidance for clinicians to stop treatment where weight gain is excessive. Novel treatments such as doravirine could offer a suitable therapy alternative, with current evidence showing efficacy with limited effect on weight gain.

Excessive gestational weight retention and weight gain in postpartum: Perception of women

CONTEXT: Childbearing women are the second victims for significant gestational weight retention and weight gain during reproductive years. There may be unique reasons to weight management in this period. AIM: To explore what women perceive as reasons for their excessive gestational weight retention and weight gain in the postpartum period. METHODS: By purposive sampling, n = 200 low-risk postnatal women less than a year of postpartum were recruited and their perceived reasons for excessive gestational weight retention and weight gain in the postpartum period were assessed. RESULTS: Participants perceived lowered physical activity, sedentary lifestyle behavior, lack of knowledge, misconceptions that breastfeeding automatically leads to weight loss, and high caloric intake as the reasons for gestational weight retention and gain in the postpartum period. Misconceptions that weight gain is predetermined by genetic factors, lack of support, and use of eating for physical and psychological comfort were also claimed as reasons for weight gain in the postpartum period. CONCLUSION: Reproductive health professionals should devise preventive measures to raise awareness on risks associated with unhealthy gestational weight retention and weight gain among average, overweight, and obese women in the postpartum period.

Mediterranean Diet Post-Liver Transplantation: Should it be the Standard of Care?

Background: Weight gain post liver transplantation is a common problem and can lead to major complications including recurrence/retransplant in case of Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. There are several reasons for weight gain. Achieving and maintaining a desirable body weight and normal fat mass from a balanced diet is the aim of every nutrition care plan. Methods: Mediterranean diet recipes will move into the forefront of weight management and liver health programs. The main components of this diet include consumption of olive oil, legumes, unrefined cereals, fruits, vegetables, fish, moderate consumption of non-fat or low-fat dairy products and low consumption of non-fish meat products. Those food items are rich in antioxidants, W3 fatty acids, monounsaturated fats, soluble fibers and low in Trans fats, saturated fats, simple sugars and sodium. Results: Numerous dietary models have been proposed as the perfect diet post liver transplantation; by far the Mediterranean diet has proved to be of great benefit for those patient compared to other types of diet. Patients have considerably improved their insulin sensitivity, their circulating levels of insulin and their anthropometric measurements only after the Mediterranean diet was started. Conclusion: This balanced type of food should be the standard of care for patient post liver transplantation, along with a healthier lifestyle (adherence to physical activity, smoking cessation and limiting alcohol consumption).

Mediterranean diet post-liver transplantation: Should it be the Standard of Care?

Background: Weight gain post liver transplantation is a common problem and can lead to major complications including recurrence/retransplant in case of Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. There are several reasons for weight gain. Achieving and maintaining a desirable body weight and normal fat mass from a balanced diet is the aim of every nutrition care plan. Methods: Mediterranean diet recipes will move into the forefront of weight management and liver health programs. The main components of this diet include consumption of olive oil, legumes, unrefined cereals, fruits, vegetables, fish, moderate consumption of non-fat or low-fat dairy products and low consumption of non-fish meat products. Those food items are rich in antioxidants, W3 fatty acids, monounsaturated fats, soluble fibers and low in Trans fats, saturated fats, simple sugars and sodium. Results: Numerous dietary models have been proposed as the perfect diet post liver transplantation; by far the Mediterranean diet has proved to be of great benefit for those patient compared to other types of diet. Patients have considerably improved their insulin sensitivity, their circulating levels of insulin and their anthropometric measurements only after the Mediterranean diet was started. Conclusion: This balanced type of food should be the standard of care for patient post liver transplantation, along with a healthier lifestyle (adherence to physical activity, smoking cessation and limiting alcohol consumption).

Effect of Screen Exposure is Linked to Weight Gain in Females

Obesity is slowly becoming a grave health concern. There are many reasons for weight gain in different age groups some of which are – physical inactivity, improper diet, stress, hectic schedule, improper or inadequate sleep, smoking, excess intake of tea and coffee, hormonal imbalances, cardiac issues, blood pressure, blood sugar imbalances etc. One very important factor that is contributing to rise of obesity nowadays is the increased use of gadgets like television, smart phone, tablet, laptop etc.

Behavior Modification In The Treatment Of Obesity

This review addresses the three most common components used in helping individuals deal with weight loss from a behavioral perspective. Relevant literature and recent findings are reviewed and summarized, showing that programs containing behavioral techniques, along with an emphasis on diet and exercise, tend to lead to improved results. Factors related to better weight loss outcomes include assessing empathically, setting reasonable goals, enhancing a sense of self-determination, seeing a patient more frequently, focusing on decreasing caloric intake, and encouraging regular physical activity. Newer technologies, such as Internet- and smartphone-based interventions, seem promising but lack sufficient research evidence at this point. It is also clear that just as reasons for weight gain are patient specific, treatments likely do best when they are more highly individualized. This review contains 3 figures, 2 tables and 33 references Key words: behavior, cognitive restructuring, decision tree, 5As, intervention, mindfulness, modification, motivation, obesity, relapse prevention, self-monitoring, stages of change, stimulus control, treatment, weight loss

Implementing WHO feeding guidelines for inpatient management of malnourished children.

To evaluate the efficacy of adopting WHO feeding guidelines on weight gain and case fatality rate in malnourished children. Cross-sectional, observational study. Department of Pediatrics, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from 2009 to 2010. Patients above 6 months and less than 5 years of age with severe malnutrition were included during the study period, acute complications were treated and nutritional rehabilitation by WHO feeding formulae was done. Demographic details, clinical features, reasons for weight gain and risk factors of mortality were analyzed. A total of 131 children were included. Mean age of children was 22 ± 18 months. There were 78% marasmic, 4% kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor 18% children. Resolution of edema took 8 ± 4 days, dermatosis cleared in 11 ± 3 days. Mean hospital stay was 10 ± 8 days. Case fatality rate was 13%. Mean weight gain was 5.25 ± 4.57 g/kg/day. Weight gain of > 5 gm/kg/day was associated with hospital stay of more than 7 days, acceptability and palatability of feed by the children and mothers and early clearance of infections. Implementation of WHO feeding guidelines resulted in adequate weight gain of inpatient malnourished children, however, adequate healthcare services are available at the therapeutic feeding centers.

Rye, Oats, and Weight Management

iets high in dietary fiber and whole grain foods are associated with re-duced risk of chronic disease. One of the main risk factors of many diseases is obe-sity, the prevalence of which is increasing at a high speed throughout the world. While the clear reason for weight gain and the increase of adipose tissue mass is an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, the current sedentary life-style and the daily tempting food offerings are both significant contributors. This has led to a large-scale research interest in the role of food properties on satiation, i.e., the feeling of fullness after a meal, and also in other regulatory mechanisms sug-gested to be involved in the control of food intake.

Psychological Correlates of Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Band and Gastric Bypass Patients

To compare psychological characteristics of patients seeking laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) and gastric bypass surgery. In the present study, 898 women were assessed as part of a comprehensive presurgical evaluation. Of these 898 patients, 107 (12%) were seeking LAGB surgery and 791 (88%) were seeking gastric bypass surgery. Their scores on a battery of psychological tests were compared with T-tests with Bonferroni correction. Those patients seeking gastric bypass had greater body mass indices than those seeking LAGB. However, the analyses found no statistically significant differences on measures of IQ, depression, anxiety, anger, self-assessed reasons for weight gain, and psychopathology and personality as indicated by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 scale scores. The psychological evaluation can be helpful in identifying behavioral and emotional issues that merit adjunct psychological attention to optimize long-term surgical outcome. These results suggest that, as a group, no differential treatment planning needs to take place for psychological issues based on surgery performed.

Beliefs about weight gain and attitudes toward relapse in a sample of women and men with obesity.

The purpose of this study was to examine beliefs regarding reasons for weight gain, likely responses to weight loss relapse, notions of reasonable weight loss, and correlations between beliefs and attitudes in a large nonclinical sample of men and women with obesity. Participants were 3,394 white women (n=1,674) and men (n=1,720) with obesity who had responded to a survey about body image and eating behaviors conducted by Consumer Reports magazine. Women and men indicated that the most important reasons for their weight gain were lack of exercise and enjoying eating; the least important reason was a need to avoid social or sexual situations. Both groups reported that their most likely response to relapse is to start watching food intake, whereas their least likely response is to ask a friend, spouse, or family member for help. Women rated depression, stress, low self-esteem, and need to avoid situations as more important reasons for their weight gain than did men, and women were more likely to feel terrible and regain as a response to relapse. There was no relationship between an individual's beliefs about weight gain, responses to relapse, or notions of reasonable weight loss. Implications of these findings for the treatment of obesity are discussed.