Reasons For Use Research Articles

Utilization of complementary and alternative medicine by patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease in Taiwan: a descriptive investigation.

Despite the paucity of scientific evidence, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is widely used for the prevention and treatment of chronic illness, holistic care, and counteracting the adverse effects of conventional therapies. This study aims to determine the prevalence of CAM use and its associated factors among patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) in Taiwan. This quantitative study was conducted from August 2022 to July 2024 in the HD unit at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan. Face-to-face questionnaire-based interviews were held with 154 of 163 eligible patients (response rate, 94.5%) at the bedside during HD. The completed questionnaires were entered into a secure computer database. Data was performed by descriptive analysis, Chi-square, and Fisher tests. More than half of the patients were CAM users (n = 86; 56%), and women was associated with significantly more usage of CAM. Fifty-six CAM users took Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), 52.3% (n = 45) used dietary supplements, and 19.8% (n = 17) used acupuncture. The benefit in the effectiveness of CAM was the main reason for use, the need of CAM to improve the well-being and HD-related complication was high. 32.7% of patients had used CAM based on recommendation from their family and friends. More than one-third (33.7%) of patients did not disclose their use of CAM to their doctors, most of them think it is unnecessary. The use of CAM by patients with maintenance HD was relatively frequent. Of these, most used CHM, of which are shown to the trend into routine HD care is inevitable by high coverage and utilization in Taiwanese national health insurance system. These findings indicate that it is important for health care providers working in dialysis to assess CAM use.

Likely Response to a Hypothetical Menthol Cigarette Ban Among Adults with Mood Disorders Who Smoke Menthol Cigarettes and Have No Current Plans to Quit Smoking

Background: There is limited evidence on how the United States Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) proposed ban on menthol cigarettes and flavored cigars will impact individuals with mood disorders who smoke menthol cigarettes. This study aimed to evaluate how individuals with mood disorders who smoke menthol cigarettes might respond to a hypothetical ban on menthol cigarettes, explore the reasons for their current use, and examine how these reasons are associated with participants’ characteristics. Methods: Study data were collected at baseline from adults (18+ years) with mood disorders who participated in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of gradual nicotine reduction. Participants were individuals who smoked and had no plan to quit in the next six months. They reported demographics and tobacco consumption patterns, interest in quitting, and responded to a hypothetical question on a potential ban on menthol cigarettes. The question asked participants which actions they would most likely take if menthol-flavored cigarettes were banned. Means and frequencies were used to describe the sample. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with each reason for menthol use (less harmful, better flavor, less harsh on the throat, and less harsh on the chest). Results: Participants (n = 77) were an average age of 42.5 (SD 12.5) years, 61% (n = 47) were female, 68.8% (n = 53) identified as White, and 5.2% (n = 4) identified as Hispanic. On average, participants reported currently smoking 18.1 (SD 9.9) cigarettes per day and had smoked for 23.9 (SD 13.6) years. About 58.4% of participants (n = 45) expressed their intention to switch to non-menthol cigarettes, 19.5% (n = 15) intended to transition to a different type of tobacco product, and 22.1% (n = 17) intended to quit smoking entirely without substitution. The most endorsed reason for using menthol cigarettes was better flavor (89.6%, n = 69/77), followed by less harshness on the throat (41.3%, n = 31/75) and chest (40%, n = 30/75), and the belief that they were less harmful than non-menthol cigarettes (24%, n = 18/75). Older age was associated with the belief that menthol cigarettes were less harmful (OR = 1.06; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Among individuals with mood disorders and who smoke menthol cigarettes and have no plans to quit smoking, 22.1% may try to quit smoking if a menthol ban is implemented, while the majority (58.4%) stated that they would switch to non-menthol cigarettes. As the reasons for using menthol cigarettes included perceived lower harm, there is a need for targeted public awareness campaigns to correct misconceptions about the harms of menthol cigarettes.

Multimodal examination of daily stress rhythms in chronic Cannabis users.

Chronic cannabis users frequently report stress relief as their primary reason for use. The endocannabinoid system is involved in the neuroendocrine stress response, and diurnal cortisol rhythms may be disrupted in chronic cannabis users. The objectives were to determine whether cannabis users demonstrate disruptions in diurnal stress rhythms and examine the acute effects of cannabis on stress-related outcomes in cannabis users' natural environments. Eighty-two participants (39 cannabis users, 43 non-users) collected saliva samples to quantify cortisol concentrations and provided subjective stress ratings at 8 time points throughout the day. They wore a medical-grade wearable device for 24h that recorded physiological indicators of stress (heart rate variability, electrodermal activity). Cannabis users collected additional saliva samples before and after cannabis use to examine acute effects of cannabis use. Cannabis users exhibited significant dysregulations in diurnal cortisol rhythms, including a blunted cortisol awakening response, flattened diurnal cortisol slope, and elevated afternoon cortisol concentrations. There were no differences in diurnal heart rate variability or electrodermal activity except for elevated evening heart rate in cannabis users. Finally, there were significant decreases in cortisol, subjective stress, and electrodermal activity following acute cannabis use in cannabis users' natural environment. These results provide evidence of dysregulated diurnal cortisol rhythms in cannabis users that were related to later waking times and acute stress-relieving properties of cannabis use in naturalistic environments. Future research should examine the direction of the relationship between cannabis use and diurnal cortisol rhythms and potential implications for other psychological disorders.

Cannabis Use Among Cancer Patients During Active Treatment: Findings From a Study at an NCI-Designated Cancer Center.

This study aims to describe patterns, sources, and reasons for cannabis use among cancer patients during active treatment (+CDTX) compared to no-use during active treatment (-CDTX). Data are from 385 surveys collected via REDCap during phase I of an ongoing study among adult cancer patients seen at an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center within the last 5 years of treatment. A harmonized survey was created with 11 other NCI centers to assess cannabis use patterns, sources, and reasons for use. Sociodemographics and cancer details were also collected via self-report. Descriptive statistics were calculated and stratified by +/-CDTX. Chi-squared tests were conducted to compare proportions between groups. Among the sample [49.5 years (SD 15.9); 53.0% male; and 41.6% Hispanic/Latino], 41.0% + CDTX and 59.0% -CDTX. A majority (71.8%) of +CDTX initiated use before diagnosis versus 44.1% in -CDTX (p < 0.0001); patients diagnosed with stage 4 cancer had a statistically significant higher prevalence of +CDTX (60.0%; p = 0.003); 53.3% in radiation reported +CDTX compared to 42.8% in chemotherapy, and 36.4% in immunotherapy. Dispensaries and local dealers were the top sources of cannabis in both groups. Among +CDTX, 44.3% consumed cannabis at least once a day DTX, dominant cannabinoids used were CBD (35.2%), Delta-8-THC (18.3%), and CBD + THC ratio (14.1%); 12.7% were unsure what they consumed. Joints were the most common inhalation method (61.5%), and store-bought candy was the most common edible (39.2%). Depression/mood, pain, and enjoyment were the top three reasons for +CDTX compared to enjoyment, depression/mood, and nausea/upset stomach in -CDTX (p = 0.02). Patterns, sources, and reasons for cannabis use varied between +CDTX and -CDTX. Future studies should examine the impacts of cannabis and specific cannabinoids on cancer treatment, drug interactions, survival outcomes, and quality of life.

Patterns of nicotine pouch use among young Australians

BackgroundDespite increasing interest in the use of nicotine pouches in Australia – where retail sale of the products is illegal – research exploring patterns of pouch use and reasons for use is lacking. Accordingly, this study explored young Australians’ experiences with nicotine pouches. MethodsAn online survey was administered to 1,598 Australians aged 16-39 years (53% women). We assessed (i) awareness and use (lifetime and past 30-day) of nicotine pouches, (ii) patterns of use (e.g., flavours and nicotine strength used), (iii) product source, and (iv) reasons for use. Regression analyses were conducted to assess socio-demographic predictors of awareness and use. ResultsJust over three-quarters (77%) of the sample reported being aware of nicotine pouches. Lifetime use was reported by 26% of respondents and past 30-day use by 19%. Among those who reported past 30-day use, fruit (35%) and menthol/mint (34%) flavours were most common. In terms of pouch source, one-third (33%) reported obtaining the product from a tobacconist. The most common reasons for use were “they come in flavours I like” (34%) and “to help me quit smoking” (32%). Awareness, lifetime use, and past 30-day use of nicotine pouches were more likely among men, those who reported current use of tobacco products, and those who reported current use of e-cigarettes. ConclusionsAwareness and use of nicotine pouches among young Australians may be substantial enough to warrant the inclusion of items measuring pouch use in national surveys. Efforts should be made to better enforce existing laws regarding the sale of nicotine pouches.

Digital Health Utilization in Spinal Cord Injury: A Descriptive Study of a Population-Based Prospective Cohort.

The objective of this study was to describe the use of digital health tools by people with spinal cord injury and associated factors. Cross-sectional data from the 2022 Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study (SwiSCI) were analyzed. Descriptive statistics summarized data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, self-management, health, and digital health usage. Multiple logistic regression analysis examined the association of digital health use with reasons of use, concerns, confidence, sociodemographic characteristics, self-management, and comorbidities. Among 961 participants, 69% used digital health tools. Females were 1.79 times more likely to adopt them. People aged 60-70 had 3.84 times higher usage rates than 18-30 yrs old. Longer spinal cord injury duration increased usage by 0.98 times/year. Confidence using digital tools and positive health attitudes predicted usage. Comorbidities were positively correlated with usage. Concerns about digital health utilization had no significant impact. Our study provides one of the first comprehensive descriptions of digital health utilization in spinal cord injury. Its findings shed light on the intricate factors influencing digital health utilization, contribute to a deeper understanding of this patient population, and pave the way for more targeted and effective digital tools and strategies for their uptake.

Predictors of perinatal cannabis use in colorado and the association with depression during pregnancy.

To evaluate the prevalence and predictors of cannabis use and reasons for use during and/or after pregnancy among Colorado birthing individuals. To determine the independent association of self-reported depression during pregnancy and cannabis used. Data from Health eMoms, a statewide perinatal longitudinal electronic surveillance system were analyzed. Perinatal cannabis use was defined as any use during and/or after pregnancy. Bivariate associations of birthing individual and infant characteristics with use were estimated using chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the independent relationship between depression and reported cannabis use versus no reported cannabis use. A weighted sample of 117,812 birthing individuals was analyzed from survey responses between 2018-2021. Among the 15,585 (13.3%) who reported perinatal cannabis use, 35.5% reported use during pregnancy and 87.3% reported post-partum use. Individuals with depression during pregnancy had 2.2 times higher adjusted odds (95% CI: 1.5. 3.3) of any perinatal cannabis use compared to those without depression. Among those who had any perinatal cannabis use, reported use for medical reasons was 92% during pregnancy, while 43% cited this as the reason for use 12-14months post-partum. Self-reported cannabis use during the perinatal period in a state with legalized recreational use was over 1 in 10. Use varied significantly by demographics and social factors with inconsistent perinatal guidance provided by healthcare professionals. Depression during pregnancy was significantly associated with use, illustrating the need for comprehensive mental health screening and therapeutic evidence-based interventions to support these individuals.

Exploring the use of meal delivery services in Belgium

Abstract Background Ready-to-eat meal delivery services have become commonplace in recent years and their growth accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the potential ramifications on dietary habits and subsequent health outcomes remain largely unexplored. Given the well-established links between unhealthy dietary patterns and chronic diseases such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, understanding the determinants and public health implications of ready-to-eat meal delivery services use is imperative. This study aims to investigate the determinants associated with the use of ready-to-eat meal delivery services and their implications for health behaviours and outcomes. Methods This cross-sectional study is conducted amongst adults residing in Flanders or Brussels, Belgium. A quantitative online survey commenced in April 2024 and is scheduled to conclude by June 2024. Structural equation models will be used to assess determinants and implications of ready-to-eat meal delivery services use. Latent class analysis will be used to identify user profiles and subsequent structural equation modelling will assess determinants of these profiles and their associated health (behaviour) outcomes. Results Preliminary results suggest meal delivery usage was higher in younger and middle-income users. Main reasons of use amongst users (n = 139) were more time for leisure activities (66%) and supermarket avoidance (64%). Main reasons for non-use amongst non-users (n = 69) were not wanting to spend money with meal delivery services (70%) and preference to cook own meals (81%). Data collection is currently ongoing. Further analysis is planned, and full results will be available by November 2024. Conclusions This study will provide a better understanding of drivers of meal delivery services use in Belgium and their potential impact on public health. It will also help inform public health strategies targeted at improving dietary habits. Key messages • Recognising that meal delivery services will become ever present in the future, insights into why people order meals for delivery and the potential health implications of such services are essential. • The use of advanced statistical techniques highlights the potential of the study to offer novel insights into determinants and ramifications of meal delivery services usage.

Skin rash related to the use of wood ash in wound healing, about a case

Abstarct Introduction: The ash of wood plants is part of the ancestral remedies because of its physical and chemical properties. It has detergent, fertilizing, and antiseptic properties, which justifies its many uses. Case report: We report the case of a woman aged 50 years who presented with a generalized rash all over the body with painful macules a burning sensation and a fever. Symptoms appeared after taking wood ash from plants, for three days. The reason for use was the healing of Zona's wound that she contracted and treated before admission. The patient’s general condition was preserved, and the drug treatment allowed a quick healing. Conclusion: Wood ash from plants with a high potassium hydroxyl content may be an irritant and partly explain the reaction observed. Traditional treatments should be used with great care to avoid adverse effects.

Role of dysphemisms in the English-language film space

The topicality of undertaken research is determined by the constantly changing social norms in modern society, which are reflected in the cinematographic world. Cinematography provides a golden opportunity to consider and analyze a range of unique linguistic phenomena. The major purpose of the present paper is to study the phenomenon of dysphemisation in the English-speaking film space based on the set of the following films in English: Green Book by the American film director, Peter J. Farrelly, the screen adaptation of the autobiography 12 Years a Slave by Terrence S. McQueen, the well-known film The Help by Tate Taylor and the biographical drama Hidden Figures by Theodore Melfi. In the films the main storyline is generally based on the aspect of discrimination against persons of certain racial backgrounds and women, based on the policy of the United States of America during the infamous period of slavery (XVII–XIX centuries) and the historical era of segregation (XIX–XX centuries). During the study theoretical methods (analysis and synthesis) and empirical methods (observation and description) were used. As a result of the conducted study, the classification of dysphemistic lexical units was determined in terms of author’s intentions (dysphemisms with an emphasis on a different skin color; dysphemisms-comparisons with animals, plants and inanimate objects; dysphemisms-designations of social status; dysphemisms expressing gender discrimination), as well as their role and reason for use in the selected set of films – demonstration of a biased, cruel attitude towards recipients and also a reflection of the socio-cultural environment that encompassed US society during the historical time period under study.

Ethnobotanical Documentation of Yerba Mate in Syria

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Yerba Mate (_Ilex paraguariensis_) is a traditional herbal beverage consumed for its stimulating effects and health benefits, with a deep cultural association in Syria following its introduction by migrants from South America in the early 20th century. This study documents the cultural, social, and health-related practices surrounding Yerba Mate in Syria, highlighting its integration into local customs and herbal preparations. OBJECTIVE: To explore and document the traditional uses, social practices, and preparation methods of Yerba Mate among Syrian consumers, and to investigate the health benefits and cultural significance attributed to it. METHODS: An electronic survey was distributed to 430 participants from different regions across Syria, collecting data on Yerba Mate consumption habits, social practices, reasons for use, perceived effects, and traditional preparation methods. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using statistical software. The Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) index was used to assess the prevalence of herbal additives in Yerba Mate preparations. RESULTS: Yerba Mate is consumed regularly by 89.2% of participants, with health benefits being a key motivator for 60% of users. Syrian traditions enhance Yerba Mate with local and imported herbs, with 68.6% of regular drinkers incorporating herbs like wormwood (_Artemisia herba-alba_) and chamomile (_Matricaria chamomilla_), each offering specific health benefits. The survey revealed high consumption patterns, particularly in group settings (51.6%), and frequent daily use by 50% of participants. CONCLUSION: Yerba Mate has become a deeply rooted part of Syrian culture, with local adaptations that incorporate traditional medicinal herbs. These combinations not only enhance the health benefits of the drink but also reflect a blend of imported traditions with Syrian herbal knowledge. The study highlights Yerba Mate's social significance in Syria and suggests the need for further research into its potential therapeutic uses in traditional medicine. Given the unique Syrian practice of mixing Mate with various herbs, further investigation is needed to assess the differences in effects, flavor, and prevalence among these herbal combinations.

Modern Family Planning Utilization and Associated Factors among Hiv Women of Reproductive Age Attending at Care and Treatment Clinics (CTC) in Mwanza City,tanzania

Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa HIV/AIDS prevalence remains high and makes it the world’s most severely affected region. The use of family planning helps to prevent unplanned pregnancies among HIV positive women of reproductive age. There is a dearth of evidence on the preferred methods, reasons for use and non-use and discontinuation of the use of family planning among HIV positive women of reproductive age appearing at HIV Care and Treatment Clinics (CTCs) in Mwanza City. Therefore this study was conducted to determine family planning uptake, methods preferred and the reasons for discontinuation of the use of family planning among HIV positive women of reproductive age appearing at HIV Care and Treatment Clinics (CTCs) in Mwanza City. Objective: To determine family planning uptake, methods preferred and reasons for discontinuation among HIV positive women of reproductive age appearing at HIV Care and Treatment Clinics (CTCs) in Mwanza City. Methodology: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study involving 440 HIV positive reproductive age women (18 – 49 years) who were attending Bugando Medical Centre, Sekou Toure Regional Referral Hospital and Buzuruga Health Centre HIV Care and Treatment Clinics was carried out. A structured pre tested questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, information on current family planning use, health service related factors, family factors, disclosure and ART status, and factors associated with modern family planning use. Data analysis was done using STATA version 13 according to objectives. Results: A total of 440 participants were enrolled in the study and their median age was 36 [IQR 30 – 42] years. Majority, 246(56.2%) of the participants were aged 35 to 49 years. Majority 279 (63.4%) of women attained primary education. Factor associated with family planning discontinuation were not been counseled on FP(AOR 5.5; 95% CI 2.0 – 15.1; p-value 0.001), Partner has desire of children AOR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1 – 0.8;p-value=0.029), Advanced stage of HIV(AOR13.4; 95% CI 5.1 – 35.0; p-value&lt;0.001 ), Divorced women(AOR 3.2; 95% CI 1.1 – 9.7; p-value=0.038) and women’s age ≥35 years(AOR 6.8; 95% CI 2.2-20.9 p-value=0.001). Conclusion: The overall uptake of modern family planning methods was low. Integration of modern family planning services within the CTCs was low too in all the facilities. Furthermore, the proportions of HIV positive women using dual family planning methods were very low. Factor associated with family planning discontinuation were not been counseled on FP, Partner has desire of children, Advanced stage of HIV, Divorced women and women’s age ≥35 years.

Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity after normal therapeutic doses in the Hong Kong Chinese population.

Paracetamol is generally safe at normal therapeutic doses of ≤4 g/day in adults. However, paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity after normal therapeutic doses use has been reported. We investigated the epidemiology of this adverse drug reaction in the Hong Kong Chinese population. This territory-wide retrospective observational study included adult patients with suspected paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity after normal therapeutic doses use from January 2011 to June 2022. We evaluated the demographic characteristics; paracetamol dose, duration, and reason for use; preexisting hepatotoxicity risk factors; laboratory findings; and their relationship with clinical outcomes. We identified 76 patients (median age: 74 years, 23 males) with suspected paracetamolinduced hepatotoxicity after normal therapeutic doses use. There were 14 cases with significant clinical outcomes (five deaths and nine cases of acute hepatic failure), with an incidence of 1.2 cases per year. For patients with significant clinical outcomes, they were significantly older (age >80 years), had a lower body weight (<50 kg), exposed to longer durations (>2 days) and higher daily doses (>3 g), and with higher proportion of malnutrition. Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity can occur at normal therapeutic doses in the Hong Kong Chinese population. The identified risk factors are consistent with international guidelines regarding susceptible patients. Considering the widespread local use of paracetamol and low incidence of severe hepatotoxicity, the current dosage recommendations are considered safe for the general population. For susceptible patients, a reduced maximum dose of ≤3 g/day is recommended, with liver function and serum paracetamol monitoring in place.

Abstract B052: Exploring supplement utilization patterns among African American prostate and breast cancer survivors

Abstract Introduction: The American Cancer Society (ACS) defines dietary supplements as “vitamins and minerals, herbs and other botanicals, amino acids, enzymes, and more.” ACS advises against supplement use for cancer prevention, with no suggestions for survivors. Regardless, 64-81% of cancer survivors and 14-32% of recently diagnosed cancer patients in the U.S. will begin taking supplements to improve health outcomes. Despite this prevalence, few studies have examined supplement use in African American cancer survivors, and studies that have been done include small samples. This project examines supplement use across two genders and two cancer types within a population group historically underrepresented in research. Given the dearth of research to date, this project adds novel findings to the literature and informs future research.Objectives: This study describes supplement use in African American breast and prostate cancer survivors engaged in lifestyle intervention trials, identifies potential correlates of supplement use; and compares supplement use between the two populations. Methods: Men Moving Forward (MMF) is an ongoing lifestyle intervention study for African American prostate cancer survivors. Moving Forward (MF) is a completed lifestyle intervention study that included African American breast cancer survivors. Both studies examine the efficacy of a community-based intervention that promotes adherence to the American Cancer Society Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines. At baseline, study participants completed interviews that included a measure of supplement use including type, dose, frequency, and reason for use. Supplements were then categorized by type (e.g., Vitamin D, Vitamin B12) and descriptive analyses were conducted to examine most common types of supplements used, potential correlates of use, and to compare the two cancer survivor groups. Results: 114 men currently enrolled in the MMF study, and 223 women enrolled in MF completed the supplement use measure. Average ages of participants are 66.2 years (SD=7.5) for MMF and 57.5 years (SD=10.1) for MF. Supplement use was common, with 64.0% of MMF participants and 65.9% of MF participants using at least one supplement at baseline. Mean number of supplements was 1.62 (SD=1.9) for MMF and 1.76 (SD=2.0) for MF. The most used supplements were the same across survivor groups: Vitamin D (37.7% MMF, 38.1% MF), Multivitamins (27.2% MMF, 32.7% MF) and Omega-3 Fatty Acids (8.8% MMF, 19.3% MF). Age, education, and income will be explored as predictors of usage. Conclusions: Supplement use was prevalent among both survivor groups, consistent with national data for adult cancer survivors who report supplement use. However, our sample had higher usage rates compared to Non-Hispanic Black US adults without cancer (39.3% of men, 56.2% of women) from the 2023 National Health Statistics Report. Understanding supplement use in cancer survivors can identify potential risks and benefits of use, enhance patient-provider communication, and improve the quality-of-care patients receive. Citation Format: Carlene Kranjac, Estefania Alonso, Margaret Tovar, Sandra Contreras, Iwalola Awoyinka, Patricia Sheean, Melinda Stolley. Exploring supplement utilization patterns among African American prostate and breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B052.

Individual use of self-medication and other remedies in COVID-19 outpatients in Western-Pomerania

We analyzed data from positively tested COVID-19 outpatients to describe self-medication with OTC drugs and use of other remedies against symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We specifically considered their type and frequency, as well as associations with patient characteristics, and reasons for use. Data were collected between May 1, 2020 and February 22, 2021 with two questionnaires in an observational cohort study with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive adult outpatients in the district of Western Pomerania in Germany. 523 out of 710 outpatients (74%; 340 women and 183 men) reported using drugs and other remedies to relieve COVID-19-symptoms. Overall, participants reported utilization of 1282 finished dosage products or remedies, including 213 different ingredients. In the population of 710 outpatients, utilization of ibuprofen (26%), acetaminophen (21%), metamizole (14%), and acetylsalicylic acid (10%) was most commonly reported. Phytopharmaceuticals, herbal and animal products as well as vitamins and minerals were also frequently reported. Among the 523 participants who used drugs and other remedies, most commonly mentioned reasons for use were headache (40%), other kinds of pain (e.g. myalgia; 37%), fever (24%) and cough (16%). Our analysis showed that a majority of the participants tried to alleviate COVID-19-symptoms using drugs and other remedies. Especially analgesic and antipyretic agents, followed by herbal medicines, were used very frequently.Trial registration: German Register for Clinical Studies DRKS00021672, first registration on December 1st, 2020.

The Epidemiology of Psychedelic Use Among United States Military Veterans

ABSTRACT We sought to identify patterns of psychedelic use among United States military veterans, compare demographic variables and perspectives of those who did and did not report use, and characterize benefits and adverse outcomes associated with use. Respondents (N = 426) were recruited to complete an online cross-sectional survey. Approximately one-half (51%) reported using psychedelics. Most did so for healing/treatment (70%) and/or spiritual purposes (48%), and most (85%) reported benefiting from use. Those who used psychedelics reported they would be more likely to use VA services (p < .001, d = 0.64) and to return to the VA for care (p < .001, d = 0.79) if psychedelic therapy was offered. Almost two-thirds (59%) reported adverse outcomes associated with use. Equivalent proportions rated their psychedelic experiences as beneficial among those who did (89%) and did not (81%) report adverse outcomes. Fewer adverse outcomes were associated with being older, using psilocybin, feeling prepared and confident in the reasons for use, being in a comfortable setting, and being able to “trust, let go, and be open” (Rc = 0.77; p < .001). Psychedelics may offer benefits but may also lead to adverse outcomes without proper preparation and support. Future research should examine the utility of psychedelic-based approaches for veteran mental health care.

Correlates and patterns of using complementary health approaches among individuals with recent and longer-term cancer diagnoses: a US national cross-sectional study.

To (1) describe and compare the prevalence of using of complementary health approaches, focusing on mind and body practices, and reasons for use among cancer survivors, and (2) examine characteristics associated with use among those with a recent and non-recent diagnosis of cancer compared to those without a previous cancer diagnosis. Using data from the 2022 US National Health Interview Survey, prevalence estimates were derived for using any complementary health approach, by category (manipulative body-based [chiropractor, acupuncture, massage], creative [music therapy, art therapy], and mind-body [meditation, guided imagery, yoga]), and reasons for use. Regression models identified correlates of use among all participants and within cancer diagnosis subgroups. Among 26,523 adult participants, overall prevalence of using any complementary approach was similar amongst individuals with recent cancer (40.17%), non-recent cancer (37.75%), and no cancer diagnosis (37.93%). However, odds of use were higher amongst recent (OR = 1.37) and relatively long term(OR = 1.14) cancer survivors compared to those without a history of cancer in adjusted models (both p < 0.05). In cancer survivors, mind-body approaches were mostly used for general health purposes, whereas manipulative approaches were used for general health and pain management. Female sex, younger age, higher education and income were among the prominent variables associated with using complementary approaches. We present an important snapshot of the landscape of using complementary approaches, specifically mind and body practices, in adult cancer survivors in the US. Inequalities in access to these therapies may exist, as use remains highest amongst those with higher socioeconomic conditions. Given the prevalence and potential benefits of complementary approaches among cancer survivors, there is a need to better understand their effectiveness, optimal use, and integration into cancer care. Further research is needed to understand and address access barriers that might exist amongst some cancer survivors.

Contraceptive use among transgender men and gender diverse individuals in the United States: Reasons for use, non-use, and methods used for pregnancy prevention

ObjectivesTo describe contraceptive use for pregnancy prevention among transgender men and gender diverse (TGD) individuals assigned female or intersex at birth (AFIAB) and explore whether contraceptive use differs by testosterone use. Study designWe analyzed data from a cross-sectional, online survey of N = 1694 TGD individuals AFIAB recruited in 2019 through a community-facing website and a national community-engaged cohort study of sexual and/or gender minority (SGM) adults in the US. Descriptive and regression analyses characterized the current and ever use of contraceptive methods for pregnancy prevention, stratified by testosterone use, and described reasons for contraceptive use/non-use. ResultsMost respondents (71.0%) had used contraception before with 49.4% using it for pregnancy prevention. The methods that were most frequently ever used for pregnancy prevention included: external condoms (91.8%), combined hormonal contraceptive pills (63.0%), and withdrawal (45.9%). The methods most frequently currently used for pregnancy prevention included: external condoms (35.4%), hormonal intrauterine device (IUD) (24.8%), and abstinence (19.2%). Some reported formerly (n = 55, 6.6%) or currently (n = 30, 3.6%) relying on testosterone for pregnancy prevention. Only four of the 33 reasons for contraceptive use and non-use differed by testosterone use group. The most reported reasons for never using contraception were not engaging in penis-in-vagina sex (5.7%) or no sex with individuals who produce sperm (4.8%). ConclusionsMost TGD individuals AFIAB have used contraception, and almost half for pregnancy prevention. The most used methods require minimal and/or non-invasive healthcare system interaction. Some respondents relied on testosterone as birth control, despite a lack of efficacy evidence. ImplicationsTGD individuals use a range of birth control methods for pregnancy prevention and clinicians should not assume preferences for certain forms of contraception based on gender identity (e.g., estrogen avoidance). Clinicians should engage in patient-centered counseling and shared decision-making to provide high-quality contraceptive care to patients of all genders.

Use of cannabis among youth who vape nicotine

BackgroundYouth e-cigarette use remains a public health concern and many youth want to quit. However, cannabis use is common among youth who use e-cigarettes, which may interfere with nicotine cessation efforts. This study aimed to investigate cannabis use among youth who vape nicotine and are motivated to quit nicotine. MethodsConnecticut youth (N=223, Mage = 17.3 [SD=1.7] years) who completed an intake for a vaping cessation study reported on their nicotine vaping, cannabis products used, reasons for use, frequency of use, and readiness to quit cannabis. Descriptives characterized population. Regressions were used to examine association of cannabis use and nicotine vaping. ResultsMost reported cannabis use (lifetime: 92.4 %; past-month: 68.6 %). Cannabis smoking and vaping were highly prevalent (smoking: lifetime − 90.8 %, current − 63.6 %; vaping: lifetime − 90.8 %, current − 63.1 %). Most reported preferring smoking cannabis (58.7 %) over other routes of administration. Common reasons for cannabis use, were psychoactive (e.g., getting high), physical (e.g., improving sleep), and social (e.g., partying). Cannabis use frequency and preferring smoking cannabis (vs. other modes) was positively associated with more frequent nicotine vaping (ps < 0.05). Participants averaged 6.3 (of 10) on a readiness to quit cannabis scale, a moderate desire to quit. ConclusionsCannabis use across multiple routes of administration was common among youth seeking help quitting vaping nicotine. Heaviness of cannabis and nicotine use appear to be associated, raising interesting harm-reduction challenges for those seeking to quit nicotine vaping. Understanding cannabis and nicotine co-use is important for targeting treatment for use of both substances.

Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies in People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are frequently discussed by people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The aim of this study is to explore CAM use in Australians with IBD. This cross-sectional study was conducted via an anonymous online survey, predominantly distributed through IBD-specific social media accounts. Data collection occurred over a three-month period in 2021. Descriptive statistics, Chi-Square tests, and binary logistic regression were used to analyse quantitative data. A simple thematic analysis was conducted for qualitative free-text responses. Of the 123 responses, acupuncture (12.2%) and chiropractors (8.9%) were common CAM practitioners accessed. CAM practitioners were perceived to be 'very helpful' compared to mainstream health practitioners. The most common CAM products reported were vitamins (51.2%), probiotics (43.9%), and herbal medicine (30.9%). Common reasons for use were improved perceived improvements to wellbeing or for long-term management of IBD. Females were more likely to access CAM practitioners (OR 12.6, 95% CI 1.62-98.1, p = 0.02). Doctors were the participants' primary source of information (64.2%), although many expressed dissatisfaction with conventional therapy and the desire for a more holistic approach to care. The use of CAMs in this sample was high. Limited research into the efficacy and safety of these therapies may prevent health professionals from discussing their use with patients. Improved communication with health professionals will allow patients to be active partners in their healthcare plans and can heighten patient satisfaction with conventional therapy.