Reasons For Settlement Research Articles

Assessment of facilities and reasons for settlement in old age homes of Himachal Pradesh, India

Background: Ageing though a physiological phenomenon has massive implications on health status of an individual. Once a nation of joint families, India has also seen increase in nuclearization of families. This in-turn has led to increase in old age homes (OAHs) in our country and also increased number of admissions in such institutions. The present study evaluated such facilities in state of Himachal Pradesh and the reasons for the settlement among the occupants.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to capture socio-demographic variables, reasons for settlement, facilities available in such institutions, medical facilities provided and overall satisfaction level among the occupants of all seven OAHs of the state. After taking ethical considerations into account, data was collected and analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques.Results: A total of 145 inmates were included in the study. About 86.2% inmates belonged to rural area and about three fourth of the elderly were illiterate. About 53.8% of the inmates had no children with about 45.5% of participants having lost their spouse. About 19.3% individuals had no source of income. Most common cause for settlement in OAHs was the non-availability of a care giver. About 85% of inmates had satisfaction level of average and above.Conclusions: Considering the increase in elderly population in the country there is a need for increase in number of facilities for elderly too. Moreover there is a need for standardizing such institutions in term of infrastructure, staff and facilities, with more emphasis on medical aspect.

Foreword Special issue: Explosive Eruptions and the Mediterranean Civilizations through Prehistory and History

Since the origin of humanity volcanism and human life have been strictly linked to each other. Despite the hazards posed by volcanoes, humans have always found good reasons for settlement and development around them, at least in temperate zones, because of high soil fertility or for the presence of ore deposits and the abundance of volcanic rocks that are good building materials.

MONITORING AND CONTROLLING ON SURFACE SETTLEMENT IN SAND AND GRAVEL STRATA CAUSED BY SUBWAY STATION CONSTRUCTION APPLYING PIPE-ROOF PRE-CONSTRUCTION METHOD (PPM)

Pipe-roof Pre-construction Method (PPM) is regarded as a safer method to construct underground space, especially suitable for the construction sites with dense surface buildings, underground pipelines and complicated geological conditions. Xinleyizhi Station of Shenyang Metro constructed by PPM. In order to ensure safety in construction, the whole construction process was closely monitored. In this paper, monitoring results of surface settlement in PPM is analyzed. According to the monitoring results, the most serious settlement occurred in pipes jacking, which was the first and the most crucial step in PPM. The settlement reasons in each step are discussed, and controlling methods of surface settlement in each step are elaborated. Through close monitoring and timely control, the construction of Xinleyizhi Station completed smoothly. Because of the obvious advantages of PPM, the method will be used more widely in construction of shallow buried excavation under complicated surrounding and geological conditions.

Why the difference in the recreational hunting ethic between Australians and North Americans? An opinion with emphasis on ‘furbearers’

Australia and North America have many similar cultural features. Yet, although North America has a strong recreational hunting culture, the sport is limited in Australia. This paper investigates why this difference may have developed. It appears that a major difference is the reason for settlement: Europeans were attracted to North America because of its abundant wildlife and the socio-economic value of furbearers already established, whereas Australia was settled as a penal colony. The colonists found Australia’s wildlife was scarce and unfamiliar, offering no prospect of socio-economic gain from hunting furbearers. With over-exploitation, both continents moved to conservation of their wildlife. North America developed a conservation ethic based on a social, utilitarian approach to sustainable management of furbearers. Australia embraced a holistic approach to conservation to protect biodiversity. The differences, therefore, result from zoological differences and not innate cultural difference.

Remotely Local: Ego-networks of Late Pre-colonial (AD 1000–1450) Saba, North-eastern Caribbean

Ego-networks, based on a socio-metric method for the analysis of the direct social relations an individual engages in, of archaeological site assemblages may be used to great effect in archaeology. They provide a means to combine multi-scalar and multi-disciplinary data and thereby explore sites as a nexus of material relations. This paper outlines how such a site ego-network could be constructed. This is illustrated using the fourteenth century site of Kelbey’s Ridge 2, Saba, in the North-eastern Caribbean. Kelbey’s Ridge 2 is an interesting case study since it was likely a newly established, but also short-lived settlement. The reason for settlement may have been that, even if the island of Saba was relatively poor in terrestrial resources, it had a geographically strategic location and access to rich marine resources. Intra-site features at the site evidence a complex set of relations between house spaces and living and deceased members of the community. Additionally, the site’s engagement with the wider island world is reflective of a transitional moment for communities in the late pre-colonial North-eastern Caribbean. A betweenness analysis of its ego-network provides a new perspective of Kelbey’s Ridge 2, pinpointing material practices and objects that must have been crucial for the viability and identity of the community. This case study shows that ego-networks may be profitably used alongside current archaeological relational theories, substantive studies of site assemblages and other archaeological network approaches.

The ethics of conquest, 1786

'No one paused to ponder the effect on the aborigine', writes Manning Clark, in his account of the first British settlement in Australia.' None of the historians who have joined with him in the long debate about the reasons for settlement has spent much time on it either.' But while it may be true that the fate of the Aborigines did not concern the British government much, there were Englishmen outside the government who not only paused to think, but took up their pens and wrote in anger on the subject. Ministers acted against a background of vigorous public opinion, in which their policies were much opposed. Some of the arguments referring to Aborigines, all dating from the autumn of 1786, appear in this article.

A Comparison of Attorneys’ Reasons for Settlement in Personal Injury Lawsuits

This study was conducted to determine the reasons that influence the decision to settle a personal injury lawsuit rather than proceed to court for a trial. Additionally, this study compared plaintiff attorneys’ and insurance company attorneys’ reasons for settlement in personal injury lawsuits to determine whether there are significant differences between the two groups. Subjects, 28 plaintiff attorneys and 57 insurance company attorneys, rated the importance of or degree of agreement with 77 statements related to their decision to settle or to recommend settlement. T tests revealed significant differences between the two groups on 31 of the 77 items. Among all 85 attorneys, the top four reasons for settlement were (a) if the opposing attorney offers realistic settlement figures, a jury trial will offer more risk than advantage; (b) settlements are an attractive alternative to a trial partly because of the high costs of litigation; (c) in deciding whether to settle, attorneys attempt to determine the probable verdict in light of the evidence; and (d) attorneys attempt to determine the value of an immediate settlement compared to the uncertainty of a trial.

The Teton Country: An Anthology

Jackson Hole, the Teton Range and the Yellowstone Country are perhaps unmatched in alpine beauty. Millions of Americans yearly draw inspiration and renewal through visiting this diverse region of nature's splendors unsurpassed. Yet the region was among the last to be revealed to the American people. Certainly not because the region is uninteresting. On the contrary, it represents one of the most geologically intriguing and scenically compelling lands within America. No, the region was unknown for more practical reasons. It was hundreds of miles distant from the primary immigrant routes across the nation. No significant mineral strikes provided "instant urbanization." Not even pioneer farmers or cattlemen found the region attractive. Altitude, deep snows, shallow soil, and a short growing combined to discourage farmers. Ranchers did better but struggled during the long winters. Even the timber was classed inferior. Lodgepole Pine trees of marginal commercial worth carpeted the hills. Lumbermen found opportunity further west, amongst the mist and fog-shrouded coastal ranges of the Pacific Slope. In short, aside from scenery and some rather bizarre geothermal activity, there was little attraction to the Greater Yellowstone area, and no reason for settlement.