Realm Of Medicine Research Articles

Nanorevolution Unleashing the Power of Nanotechnology

Abstract: Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale, has been an extraordi-nary scientific frontier that has revolutionized various fields, with one of the most promising ap-plications being in the realm of medicine. Nanomedicine, an interdisciplinary field at the intersec-tion of nanotechnology and medicine, holds tremendous potential to transform the landscape of healthcare, diagnosis, and treatment. This abstract delves into the burgeoning advancements of nanotechnology in nanomedicine, highlighting its significance, potential benefits, and ethical con-siderations. The primary focus of nanomedicine is to engineer and utilize nanoscale materials, such as nano-particles and nanostructures, to improve the effectiveness and precision of medical interventions. Nano-sized drug delivery systems can target specific cells or tissues, enhancing therapeutic out-comes and reducing side effects. These nanocarriers can penetrate biological barriers and accu-mulate at disease sites, enabling more efficient drug delivery and increasing the bioavailability of therapeutic agents. Furthermore, nanotechnology has opened new horizons in medical imaging. Nanoparticles can be engineered to be responsive to certain diseases or conditions, providing val-uable information for early detection and precise diagnosis. Novel contrast agents based on na-nomaterials have the potential to revolutionize imaging techniques, offering higher sensitivity and specificity, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes. Beyond diagnostics and drug delivery, nanotechnology is fostering breakthroughs in regenerative medicine. Nanomaterials can act as scaffolds, guiding tissue repair and promoting cellular regen-eration. By harnessing the unique properties of nanoscale materials, tissue engineering, and organ transplantation may witness unparalleled advancements, bringing hope to countless patients awaiting life-saving treatments. However, the unprecedented potential of nanomedicine also rais-es ethical concerns that demand careful consideration. As nanotechnology progresses, concerns about the safety of nanomaterials, potential toxicity, and long-term effects must be addressed to ensure responsible and sustainable development.

Suicidal behaviour is pathological: implications for psychiatric euthanasia

Some have challenged the validity of labelling suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB) as pathological. In this paper, we argue that STB is indeed pathological, thereby, situating suicide prevention within the...

Ethics on academic procurement of cadavers.

Anatomy is a vital discipline in the realm of Medicine, and its primary means of study is through the use of cadavers. Experts in the medical, legal, and ethical domains have discussed the use of cadavers or their anatomical parts for educational purposes, which are considered a severe drawback. The advantages of using cadavers include their contribution to medical education, research, the investigation of innovative surgical procedures or techniques, the detection of anatomical differences at an individual or population level, the enhancement of surgical skills, and the support of other anatomical investigations. This review highlights the issues like consent, respect for the deceased and cultural beliefs on cadaver procurement practices and also it emphasizes the need for better body donation initiatives and public awareness campaigns to ensure sustainable cadaver procurement practices, ensuring consent, respect for the deceased and cultural beliefs.

An unbreakable friendship: Soviet medical internationalism in Cuba in the 1960s

Locked in a struggle with the United States after its 1959 revolution, Cuba was a natural Soviet ally in the Cold War. The USSR offered Cuba lavish aid, including in the realm of medicine and health. The 1960s saw dozens of public health officials, medical instructors, and clinicians arrive on the island to help improve the health and wellbeing of Cuban workers and peasants. This article plumbs Russian archives and published Cuban and Soviet medical journals and newspapers to analyse the Cold War as a lived experience through a case study of Soviet cadres on the ground in Cuba. The USSR’s socialist solidarity project in Cuba exemplifies Cold War soft power policies designed to ‘win hearts and minds’. Moscow’s intent to build an ‘unbreakable friendship’ with Havana meant navigating a complex web of relationships. In illuminating the grassroots experience, we argue for the centrality of personal and interpersonal encounters as a window on the state and bloc politics that entangled the First, Second, and Third Worlds.

Juxtaposition across Mathematical Modeling, Stochastic Processes along with the Lenses of Philosophy of Science and AI integration in Medicine and Biology: An Overview

The ultimate reason for the ubiquity of mathematics in modern science entails the essence of mathematical thinking and processes so that complex phenomena including those emerging in medical and biological systems can be understood, and thus, scientific models at their crux can be generated. The consequent complexities and uncertainties require the applications of stochastic processes in mathematical modeling with Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques used in realms of medicine and biology. Within these conditions, clinical evaluation evidence and model explainability are considered to ensure accountable, effective and safe uses of AI in clinical settings, along with robust, reliable as well as accurate understanding of various complex processes that manifest huge numbers of heterogeneous temporospatial scales. The role of philosophy within science can be expounded by its juxtaposition with models and empirical data explicated by philosophy whose pillars are driven into semantic, pragmatic and syntactic structures of scientific theory that also make up the foundational tenets of algorithmic thinking and patterns. While philosophy of science examines and reflects on the concepts, theories, arguments and methods of science, it should also be borne in mind that scientific theory, by its definition, relates to applications validated by its predictions as units of analyses. Concerning mathematical models, their structure and behavior in target systems are also to be addressed so that explicit common patterns that are implicit in scientific practice can be included in this complex influx. On the other hand, critical functions of mathematical modeling from the pragmatic aspect include the unification of models and data, model fitting to the data, identification of mechanisms depending on observations as well as predictions of future observations. Given these, philosophy of science in medical and biological fields is stated to prompt a comprehensive understanding to construct holistic mathematical models particularly in complex sciences including different attributes of complexity, evolution and adaptation. Regarding the position of AI, its algorithms and mathematical modeling, the methods of neural networks, statistics, operations research, fractional calculus, fractals, and so forth can be employed with AI being capable of uncovering hidden insights embedded in big data concerning medical and biological issues in view of contemporary scientific thinking and processes. In addition, the treatment and handling of uncertainty in clinical medicine and biological problems over their processes may disclose compelling challenges due the fact that uncertainties are one of the intrinsic features of nearly all mathematical models which are formed based on three basic types of uncertainty: interval, Bayesian and stochastic. Accordingly, the current overview aims at providing answers built on sophisticated models considering the explanation and interpretation of design and formulation considering that the extant research literature could have some fragmented points in terms of original and application-oriented works. To these ends, the opportunities, challenges, limitations and conjunctures with respect to mathematical modeling in medicine and biology are addressed while role of philosophy of science is discussed within the context of mathematical modeling and applications in medicine and biology. In addition to these points, the delineation of forecasting, prediction, estimation and approximation concerning different mathematical modeling with the integration of AI in medicine and biology is explained. Thereby, an overview is inclusively presented by comprising the principles underpinning the medical and biological systems within a framework in relation to the diagnostic and disease-related treatment processes and follow-up, which can provide new directions in novel formulations, designs and interpretations based on mathematical modeling processes to be constructed and solved through practicality as well as to-the-point specific means.

AI in Medical

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) stands as a transformative influence in the realm of medicine, poised to reshape healthcare delivery and elevate patient outcomes. This summary offers an overview of AI's impact on medical applications, with key technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision playing pivotal roles across various healthcare domains, from diagnostics to treatment planning and patientcare. A notable stride in this evolution is the integration of AI-driven telemedicine solutions, effectively expanding access to healthcare services, particularly in underserved regions. Telehealth platforms leverage sophisticated AI algorithms for remote monitoring, facilitating real-time analysis of patient data and enabling prompt interventions.However, despite the immense potential, challenges persist. Issues surrounding data privacy, regulatory complexities, and the continual need for validating and refining AI models present hurdles to seamless integration. Addressing these challenges is imperative to fully capitalize on the benefits of AI in healthcare. In summary, the incorporation of AI into medicine holds the potential to deliver healthcare that is more tailored, efficient, and accessible, ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs. As the field advances, overcoming challenges and effectively harnessing AI's capabilities becomes crucial for the continued progression of global healthcare systems. Keyword: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning,Disease Detection, Medical Data Analytics, Early Di

Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia Nanoparticles in Dental Applications

Scientists and dentists use tiny particles called ZrO2/Nps (Zirconia Nanoparticles) in medicine. In addition, zirconia particles are commonly used in the realm of medicine and dentistry. They are ideal for tooth structure because of their beneficial properties. The objective of this research is to prepare zirconium oxide nanoparticles in a simple and easy way. Nano-zirconium oxide is prepared using the co-precipitation method. The produced powder was diagnosed using tools like X-ray diffraction, microscopy, and spectroscopy, which also analyzed its properties such as X-ray spectroscopy and density measurement. The XRD results confirmed that the powder product has high purity. The crystal size range is 27.97nm. The results match the (JCPDS (ZrO2) sheet No.79-1769). The EDX test revealed the presence of the following elements (Zr–O). The test of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) show that the particles nearly spherical and the size was 74.03nm. The Zr–O stretching modes and the Zr–O2–Zr bending modes were confirmed by the FTIR (Fourier transform infrared). The density of ZrO2/Np was measured several times and determined it to be (5.07±0.12 g/cm3).

Circularly Polarized Luminescent π‐Conjugated Chiral Nanorings and Nanobelts

AbstractMolecular chirality plays a pivotal role across the disciplines of chemical and physical sciences, as well as holding significant implications in the realms of medicine and technology. Chiral macrocycles have attracted recent interests in synthetic chemistry, material science, and supramolecular chemistry. Due to the cyclic arrangements of stereogenic elements or special orientations confined in the rigid structures, π‐conjugated chiral macrocycles are expected to be highly luminescent, and configurationally stable, and thus serve to develop high‐performance chiroptical materials. Given the rapid progress achieved in this new area in recent years, it is significant to highlight new concepts and breakthroughs. This minireview will offer the overview of a wide range of π‐conjugated chiral macrocycles from traditional molecules which include the axially, helically, and planar chiral skeletons to the new chiral nanobelts with a focus on the structure‐function relationship between chiral molecules and the unique chiroptical properties.

Unlocking the Potential of Meldonium: From Performance Enhancement to Therapeutic Insights

Meldonium, a promising pharmacological agent initially developed for cardiovascular indications, has sparked considerable interest in recent years due to its potential performance-enhancing effects. This review manuscript delves into the multifaceted roles of meldonium, examining its pharmacological mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and controversial implications in medicine. Beyond its cardiovascular applications, emerging research has shed light on meldonium’s neuroprotective properties and its potential for mitigating various psychiatric conditions. Moreover, recent investigations have explored meldonium’s potential in treating neurodegenerative disorders, alcohol use disorder, and even enhancing cognitive function. However, meldonium’s journey extends beyond the realm of medicine, as its use among athletes has stirred debates surrounding performance enhancement and fair competition. The substance’s inclusion in the World Anti-Doping Agency’s (WADA) prohibited list has intensified scrutiny and raised ethical considerations regarding its use in sports. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, clinicians, and enthusiasts alike, fostering a deeper understanding of meldonium’s complex biological interactions and its potential contributions to psychiatry.

Competitive Landscape and Brand Equivalents: Implications for ANDA (Abbreviated New Drug Application) Approval

Generic drugs stand as a beacon of hope within the realm of medicine, offering a pragmatic and wallet-friendly solution for patients seeking essential treatments. They open the doors to the same therapeutic benefits as their brand-name counterparts, all without imposing exorbitant financial burdens. This revolutionary journey begins with the Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA), a pivotal gateway into the stringent regulatory landscape overseen by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Unlike the labyrinthine process faced by novel drugs, generics enjoy a streamlined path to approval, showcasing their equivalence to the original through meticulous validation of identical active ingredients and efficacy. This efficient route not only saves precious time but also preserves valuable financial resources, sidestepping the need for redundant testing mandated for new drugs. With the coveted FDA seal of approval, these generic marvels burst onto the market, offering patients a cost-effective alternative without any compromise on quality or effectiveness. In essence, generic drugs emerge as beacons of accessibility, ensuring that essential treatments reach the masses while steadfastly upholding the highest standards of safety and efficacy. They represent not just a practical solution, but a transformative force in democratizing healthcare access for all.

Pioneering electrochemical detection unveils erdafitinib: a breakthrough in anticancer agent determination

The successful fabrication is reported of highly crystalline Co nanoparticles interconnected with zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-12) -based amorphous porous carbon using the molten-salt-assisted approach utilizing NaCl. Single crystal diffractometers (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirm the codoped amorphous carbon structure. Crystallite size was calculated by Scherrer (34 nm) and Williamson-Hall models (42 nm). The magnetic properties of NPCS (N-doped porous carbon sheet) were studied using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The NPCS has a magnetic saturation (Ms) value of 1.85 emu/g. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses show that Co/Co3O4 nanoparticles are homogeneously distributed in the carbon matrix. While a low melting point eutectic salt acts as an ionic liquid solvent, ZIF-12, at high temperature, leading cobalt nanoparticles with a trace amount of Co3O4 interconnected by conductive amorphous carbon. In addition, the surface area (89.04 m2/g) and pore architectures of amorphous carbon embedded with Co nanoparticles are created using the molten salt approach. Thanks to this inexpensive and effective method, the optimal composite porous carbon structures were obtained with the strategy using NaCl salt and showed distinct electrochemical performance on electrochemical methodology revealing the analytical profile of Erdatifinib (ERD) as a sensor modifier. The linear response spanned from 0.01 to 7.38 μM, featuring a limit of detection (LOD) of 3.36 nM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 11.2 nM. The developed sensor was examined in terms of selectivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. The fabricated electrode was utilized for the quantification of Erdafitinib in urine samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms. This research provides a fresh outlook on the advancements in electrochemical sensor technology concerning the development and detection of anticancer drugs within the realms of medicine and pharmacology.Graphical

Bioethics-CSR Divide

Bioethics-CSR Divide

A multifaceted approach to global health

World Health Day underscores the scientific community's commitment to achieving health equity for all. It is paramount to eliminate bias in research that has traditionally focused on men, neglecting the specific needs of diverse populations. Innovative clinical trial designs are being developed with more inclusive enrollment. Ensuring equitable access to essential antibiotics, coupled with robust infection prevention and control measures, is vital to safeguarding public health. The pursuit of health equity extends beyond the realm of medicine. Investments in local food production and robust social safety nets are critical for mitigating the effects of climate change on access to healthy diets. Additionally, in times of polycrisis, prioritizing the unique needs of children and empowering community-led healthcare initiatives in conflict zones are essential steps. By taking these actions, we can move closer to realizing everyone's fundamental right to health.

The performance of artificial intelligence in medical field

In modern society, there is an increasing prevalence of individuals who are able to avail themselves of medical facilities for the purpose of receiving healthcare services. With the rise in population, there has been a corresponding decrease in the availability of medical resources for some disorders, leading to challenges in accurately diagnosing patients by healthcare professionals. According to specialists, artificial intelligence (AI) is being considered as a potential solution for addressing medical challenges. This paper mainly focuses on discussing the impact of artificial intelligence in the medical field. Through methods of literature review and analysis, this study explores the fundamental idea of AI and its use in the medical field. Besides, the paper also introduces the potential flaws behind AI in the medical field, and how will artificial intelligence help us further in the medical field. The study reveals that artificial intelligence is extensively employed within the medical sector. Through extensive training, AI has the potential to attain a considerable level of accuracy when it comes to diagnosing various ailments. The level of precision exhibited is akin to that observed in medical practitioners diagnoses. Nevertheless, artificial intelligence possesses certain limitations. For instance, in the context of privacy preservation, several patients exhibit a reluctance to divulge their symptoms. In the absence of adequate safeguards for information security, this situation might potentially lead to adverse consequences in the lives of these patients and their interpersonal interactions. Ultimately, AI continues to possess significant potential for advancement within the realm of medicine.

Fostering dialogue: a phenomenological approach to bridging the gap between the "voice of medicine" and the "voice of the lifeworld".

This article adopts Husserl's transcendental phenomenology to explore the complex relationship between patients and physicians. It delves into the coexistence of two distinct voices in the realm of medicine and health: the "voice of medicine" and the "voice of life-world." Divided into three sections, the article emphasizes the importance of shifting from a scientific-medical attitude to a more personalistic approach in physician-patient interactions. This shift aims to prevent depersonalization and desubjectification. Additionally, it highlights the equal and irreducible nature of patients while acknowledging the vital role physicians hold in the realm of illness. The article stresses the need for a balanced and equitable relationship between both parties, rooted in the shared life-world. Moreover, empathy is underscored as a crucial element in fostering meaningful dialogue, wherein understanding diverse perspectives and attitudes towards illness is paramount. The article argues that differences between patients and physicians are necessary for empathy, while shared similarities form its foundation. Ultimately, a harmonious relationship facilitates empathy and enables the constitution of a new sense of life for both patients and physicians.

Kcs1 and Vip1: The Key Enzymes behind Inositol Pyrophosphate Signaling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The inositol pyrophosphate pathway, a complex cell signaling network, plays a pivotal role in orchestrating vital cellular processes in the budding yeast, where it regulates cell cycle progression, growth, endocytosis, exocytosis, apoptosis, telomere elongation, ribosome biogenesis, and stress responses. This pathway has gained significant attention in pharmacology and medicine due to its role in generating inositol pyrophosphates, which serve as crucial signaling molecules not only in yeast, but also in higher eukaryotes. As targets for therapeutic development, genetic modifications within this pathway hold promise for disease treatment strategies, offering practical applications in biotechnology. The model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, renowned for its genetic tractability, has been instrumental in various studies related to the inositol pyrophosphate pathway. This review is focused on the Kcs1 and Vip1, the two enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of inositol pyrophosphate in S. cerevisiae, highlighting their roles in various cell processes, and providing an up-to-date overview of their relationship with phosphate homeostasis. Moreover, the review underscores the potential applications of these findings in the realms of medicine and biotechnology, highlighting the profound implications of comprehending this intricate signaling network.

Opportunities and challenges of traditional Chinese medicine doctors in the era of artificial intelligence.

With the exponential advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the realm of medicine is experiencing a paradigm shift, engendering a multitude of prospects and trials for healthcare practitioners, encompassing those devoted to the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This study explores the evolving landscape for TCM practitioners in the AI era, emphasizing that while AI can be helpful, it cannot replace the role of TCM practitioners. It is paramount to underscore the intrinsic worth of human expertise, accentuating that artificial intelligence (AI) is merely an instrument. On the one hand, AI-enabled tools like intelligent symptom checkers, diagnostic assistance systems, and personalized treatment plans can augment TCM practitioners' expertise and capacity, improving diagnosis accuracy and treatment efficacy. AI-empowered collaborations between Western medicine and TCM can strengthen holistic care. On the other hand, AI may disrupt conventional TCM workflow and doctor-patient relationships. Maintaining the humanistic spirit of TCM while embracing AI requires upholding professional ethics and establishing appropriate regulations. To leverage AI while retaining the essence of TCM, practitioners need to hone holistic analytical skills and see AI as complementary. By highlighting promising applications and potential risks of AI in TCM, this study provides strategic insights for stakeholders to promote the integrated development of AI and TCM for better patient outcomes. With proper implementation, AI can become a valuable assistant for TCM practitioners to elevate healthcare quality.

Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from transitional Caatinga-Cerrado areas in the state of Piauí, Northeast Brazil.

The Sarcophagidae family (Diptera) encompasses a group of flies of significant ecological importance. Additionally, numerous species within this family hold substantial value in the realms of medicine, veterinary and forensic science. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive survey of Sarcophagidae species within transitional zones between the Caatinga and Cerrado biomes in the Northeastern region of Brazil. To achieve this, a total of 15 field expeditions were conducted across three distinct phytophysiognomies-riparian, vereda, and a segment of shrubby Caatinga-from 2019 to 2021. A total of 16 genera and 40 species were collected. Among them, a new species for science (Titanogrypa (Airypel) sp. nov.), Emblemasoma emblemasoma Dodge is newly recorded from South America/Brazil and the Caatinga biome, and three species constitute new records for the Northeast region (Dexosarcophaga patiuorum Santos, Pape & Mello-Patiu, Lepidodexia (Notochaeta) fumipennis (Lopes), and Oxysarcodexia meridionalis (Engel)). The most abundant species were Oxysarcodexia thornax (Walker), Oxysarcodexia avuncula (Lopes), and Argoravinia (Argoravinia) catiae Carvalho Filho & Esposito, collectively constituting 56.11% of the entire collected sample. The distribution of species across different vegetations was noted, with 19 species exclusive to riparian vegetation, three to vereda vegetation, and seven species unique to the Caatinga.

How can innovative design strategies in biotechnology address biocompatibility and signal processing challenges in next-generation bioelectronic interfaces?

Biotechnology, with its vast potential, is poised to revolutionize fields ranging from medicine and healthcare to environmental sensing. Central to this revolution are bio-interfaces, which include both electrical and non-electrical interventions using wearables and implants. These interfaces offer new avenues for monitoring and interacting with biological systems, thereby enhancing the capabilities of modern healthcare solutions. The adoption of innovative design strategies is crucial for fully harnessing this potential and overcoming current limitations. In the realm of medicine and healthcare, biotechnology design strategies can bring about significant breakthroughs in disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention. For instance, targeted drug delivery systems can improve treatment efficacy while minimizing side effects. Personalized medicine, made possible through advancements in genomics and proteomics, can tailor treatments to individual patients, leading to better outcomes and reduced healthcare costs.

Application of artificial intelligence in cancer diagnosis and tumor nanomedicine.

Cancer is a major health concern due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Advances in cancer research, particularly in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning, have shown significant progress. The swift evolution of AI in healthcare, especially in tools like computer-aided diagnosis, has the potential to revolutionize early cancer detection. This technology offers improved speed, accuracy, and sensitivity, bringing a transformative impact on cancer diagnosis, treatment, and management. This paper provides a concise overview of the application of artificial intelligence in the realms of medicine and nanomedicine, with a specific emphasis on the significance and challenges associated with cancer diagnosis. It explores the pivotal role of AI in cancer diagnosis, leveraging structured, unstructured, and multimodal fusion data. Additionally, the article delves into the applications of AI in nanomedicine sensors and nano-oncology drugs. The fundamentals of deep learning and convolutional neural networks are clarified, underscoring their relevance to AI-driven cancer diagnosis. A comparative analysis is presented, highlighting the accuracy and efficiency of traditional methods juxtaposed with AI-based approaches. The discussion not only assesses the current state of AI in cancer diagnosis but also delves into the challenges faced by AI in this context. Furthermore, the article envisions the future development direction and potential application of artificial intelligence in cancer diagnosis, offering a hopeful prospect for enhanced cancer detection and improved patient prognosis.