Realization Of Gender Equality Research Articles

The Power of Norms: Gender Equality Reforms in the Parliaments of Fiji and Samoa

Parliaments are increasingly defined as “gendered institutions,” with rules, norms, and practices that are often stubbornly resistant to gender equality initiatives. The gender sensitive parliaments’ global agenda has made substantial progress in both drawing attention to the gendered nature of parliaments and in spearheading gender equality reform. While a positive trend, there remains a significant disconnect between the (global) normative framework that sets out this agenda and the realization of gender equality in national (local) parliaments. In this article, we build on previous work that begins to unpack and test the process of global norm localization through “contextualization” and “contestation.” We select new sites to test these processes—Fiji and Samoa—where specific gender equality reforms have been implemented in the past 10 years, one a gender mainstreaming mandate for parliamentary committees and the other a parliamentary gender quota. The Pacific Islands region presents an important cultural context worthy of exploration: Parliaments are not only overwhelmingly male-dominated, but many are also derivative of hegemonic masculinist cultures evident in the Westminster tradition, albeit hybridized with local political traditions. We compare and contrast the process by which these reforms were developed and implemented in each country and examine the extent to which they can be considered effective mechanisms for addressing gender inequalities. We find that the extent to which these reforms are sustainable and transformative depends on local contexts, local actors, and locally derived solutions. Specifically, the culturally relevant process of contesting the gender quota in Samoa constitutionally, electorally, and through the courts has localised and thereby legitimised this globally endorsed reform. By contrast, gender mainstreaming in Fiji’s parliamentary committees has been little more than a “tick-a-box” exercise, having had limited engagement from the political elite under a relatively autocratic regime.

Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment Between Expectations and Reality in Small Cities

One of the successes of development is that the role of men and women is very influential on the success of development. In this case, the Cirebon City government issued Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2021 concerning the Regional Medium Term Government Plan, namely "In creating a society with human resources that are competitive and superior in all fields". This observation aims to find out implementation policies and expectations in the gender mainstreaming program. in realizing gender equality, what is the reality in the Cirebon City Community, then what are the supporting and inhibiting factors, in an effort to overcome policy obstacles to implementing gender mainstreaming programs in DP3APPKB in Cirebon City. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method using primary techniques, namely from in-depth interviews consisting of the DP3APPKB Gender Mainstreaming Sub-Coordination and the Cirebon City Community. Secondary data has been obtained from documentation and archives at DP3APPKB as well as several statutory regulations and other documents that support this research. George C Edwards' theory used in this research covers the success of policy implementation which is influenced by four aspects, namely: Communication, Resources, Disposition or Attitude of the Implementer and Bureaucratic Structure. The results of this research show that the implementation of the gender mainstreaming program has been quite successful, but there is still a lack of response from the community and an uncertain budget from the government so that it is less than optimal for realizing gender equality in the development sector in Cirebon City.

Women in Political Party Recruitment in Japan: A Comparative Study of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Constitutional Democratic Party (CDP)

<em>This research will shed light on the role of women in political parties in Japan. Japanis still in 125th position out of 146 countries in the World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Index (GGI) Report 2023. This puts Japan at the bottom among developed countries. Even though various policies related to gender equality have been taken by the Japanese government. Politics as an instrument of democracy should ideally play a role in the promotion and campaign of gender equality in Japan. The ruling LDP (Liberal Democratic Party) and the opposition CDP (Constitutional Democratic Party) also played the issue of gender equality as part of efforts to respond to women's public. The response of political parties can certainly be traced to how political parties recruit and place women in party and parliamentary structures. This is the purpose of this study, to find out how the LDP and CDP recruit and candidacy women in their respective parties as an effort to realize gender equality. Using qualitative methods and party recruitment perspectives, it was found that both LDP and CDP provide space for women's involvement in their political parties. Although the LDP in the recruitment of women still uses a conservative and exclusive approach, the CDP is more progressive and inclusive. And also both, the LDP and CDP both consider the capital and political motivations of each female candidate. However, neither of them has made the affirmative quota policy effective within his party</em>

Memahami Isu Gender dan Ketidaksetaraan Gender di Indonesia Pasca Era Reformasi: Perspektif Pembangunan

Understanding gender issues and gender inequalities in development is one of the keys to success in realizing gender equality. Indonesia after the Reformation era experienced a transformation in encouraging gender equality in various developments. The success and failure of gender development can be measured through the Human Development Index, Gender Development Index, Gender Empowerment Index, and Gender Equality and Inequality Index. This research method is qualitative through an approach to gender issues in Indonesia with in-depth analysis based on literature study data including official documents, online news, books, and previous research articles with a development perspective. The research results explain that gender equality in Indonesia have not yet shown significant progress. One of the obstacles that remain is the low level of understanding of gender issues and gaps in development among society in general and programs planners, as well as development policymakers at both the Government and Regional government levels in particular.

The impact of digital development on non-agricultural employment of rural women: evidence from the broadband China strategy

ABSTRACT In developing countries, the employment of rural women is a crucial component of livelihood issues, with implications for sustainable social development, poverty alleviation, and the realization of gender equality. This study employs a quasi-natural experiment approach based on the Broadband China strategic pilot project. Through constructing a multi-temporal differences-in-differences empirical model, it analyzes the impact of digital development on non-agricultural employment of rural women in China, along with the underlying mechanisms. Empirical results indicate a significant positive effect of digital development on non-agricultural employment for rural women. This impact is more pronounced among younger, highly educated, married, parous, and those residing in main grain-producing regions. Mechanism analysis reveals that, on the labour supply side, digital development enhances the probability of rural women participating in non-agricultural employment by improving their labour force quality. On the labour demand side, digital development fosters the development of emerging industries and improves the employment environment, thereby providing more opportunities for rural women to engage in non-agricultural employment. Based on these findings, this study offers policy implications for advancing digital infrastructure construction and digital economic development in rural China, addressing women’s employment challenges, and narrowing gender employment gaps.

PEGEMI (Peran Generasi Milenial) Dalam Mewujudkan Kesetaraan Gender Melalui Pendekatan Media Sosial

Gender equality is a global goal that has become the concern of the world community. One important factor in achieving gender equality is the role of the millennial generation or what is often referred to as generation Y. The millennial generation has a very important role in fighting for gender equality. Through this research, the authors discuss the role of the millennial generation in realizing gender equality. The author uses a qualitative descriptive method by conducting interviews with five millennials who are active in the gender equality movement. The findings from this study indicate that the millennial generation has a good understanding of gender equality and they also actively participate in the gender equality movement. The millennial generation has also taken the initiative to bring gender equality issues into the public sphere through social media and social activities. However, there are still many challenges faced by the millennial generation in fighting for gender equality, such as gender stereotypes and discrimination that still exist in society. Therefore, the millennial generation needs to continue to struggle and work together with related parties to achieve gender equality.
 Keywords: millennial generation, gender equality

PEGEMI (Peran Generasi Milenial) Dalam Mewujudkan Kesetaraan Gender Melalui Pendekatan Media Sosial

Gender equality is a global goal that has become the concern of the world community. One important factor in achieving gender equality is the role of the millennial generation or what is often referred to as generation Y. The millennial generation has a very important role in fighting for gender equality. Through this research, the authors discuss the role of the millennial generation in realizing gender equality. The author uses a qualitative descriptive method by conducting interviews with five millennials who are active in the gender equality movement. The findings from this study indicate that the millennial generation has a good understanding of gender equality and they also actively participate in the gender equality movement. The millennial generation has also taken the initiative to bring gender equality issues into the public sphere through social media and social activities. However, there are still many challenges faced by the millennial generation in fighting for gender equality, such as gender stereotypes and discrimination that still exist in society. Therefore, the millennial generation needs to continue to struggle and work together with related parties to achieve gender equality.
 Keywords: millennial generation, gender equality

Realizing Gender Equality in Coastal Areas: Conservation of Critical Land and Empowerment of Women

Realizing Gender Equality in Coastal Areas: Conservation of Critical Land and Empowerment of Women

THE ROLE OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN REALIZING GENDER EQUALITY IN THE MIDST OF STRONG PATRIARCHAL CULTURE IN NTT AND PAPUA

This paper discusses the role of young people in realizing gender equality in the midst of a strong patriarchal culture in two regions of Indonesia, namely East Nusa Tenggara and Papua. The strong patriarchal culture in East Nusa Tenggara and Papua causes women to experience violence in the home to the household. From the data obtained, domestic violence (KDRT) that occurred in East Nusa Tenggara was caused by the existence of belis in NTT and the influence of dowry on Papuan women so that there was a sense of male authority over these women. The rate of violence has increased over the years and this requires a serious subscription both from the government and from the community. This paper uses qualitative methods with case studies, interviews and documentation studies through journals, books and research results. To minimize violence against women, it is necessary to have the role of young people in the family, education and society through the socialization of the importance of gender equality in the family and society.
 
 Keywords: Role of Youth, Gender Equality, Patriarchal Culture, NTT, Papua

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM IN REALIZING GENDER EQUALITY

Women’s empowerment in realizing gender equality is one of the responsibilities of the Government and is conducted by government agencies, both central and regional. Problems which still occur to women today are the cases of violence and discrimination. This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative research, the results of the study stated that there were the implementation of the women's empowerment program in realizing gender equality in Surabaya proven by the program named Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment. It provided several activities such as: Capacity Building of the Women's Organizational Association (GOW) at some sectors such as Politics, Economics, Social and Culture, Independent Business Incubation for productive age women, Implementation of Gender Socialization, Creative Houses for Low-Income Communities (MBR) especially for the productive age women who do not have a business yet by obtaining material on Entrepreneurship, Empowerment of UMKM in Surabaya by making masks and APD during the pandemic, and also Urban Farming for the community through the use of vacant land.

Membangun Kesetaraan Gender Dalam Keluarga Karier


 This writing seeks to explain how the role of the couple in building gender-based partnerships in the household. This writing uses a socio-cultural approach. Where, gender equality is not limited to the differences between men and women. However, how can the two of them build an equal relationship without marginalizing one another, especially women. In the area of ​​families who have careers or workers, the realization of gender equality can be achieved in various ways, especially the compromise of both partners to achieve their goals or aspirations together in the household. In fact, for now the working spouse has been able to start building a partnership with a good partner to realize the welfare of his family. This can be achieved by understanding each function and then making it happen by building good communication with your partner.
 Keywords: gender equality, family, career

Empowerment of Women and Children to Realize Justice and Equality from a Gender Perspective

Cases of violence against women and children in Indonesia continue to increase from year to year. At the same time, the government issued various policies to overcomeproblemTherefore, the government, both from the national level to the local level, has broad authority to deal with cases of violence that occur. This study explores the phenomenon that occurs in violence against women and children which is then linked to the Child Protection Index (IPA) and the Gender Development Index (IPG) which have not yet been identified to reach global achievement targets for human development based on UN and WHO indicators. This study uses a qualitative research approach to describe various phenomena related to the topic being studied. Our results show that level the province has formedDP3AKB to implement various policies, as well as development and empowerment programs for women and children. However, the performance and role of the DP3AKB institution in prioritizing women's empowerment through gender mainstreaming (PUG) and child protection have not yet reached the target as indicated by the Papua Province IPA and IPG figures which are still far behind compared to other provinces in Indonesia. The reason is that structural and cultural factors dominate in empowering women and children in Papua Province. So that to realize gender equality and the creation of justice, equality, independence, and welfare of women and children in Papua, it must be supported by consistent, targeted policies, and collaboration of stakeholders through the role of "three furnaces" (Government, Religion, and Customs) to realize justice from a gender perspective

Motherhood Penalty: The Expansion of Gender-Based Inequality in the Fertility Aspects

Despite many years of campaigns fighting for womens rights, there is still a tremendous gap in realizing gender equality. In particular, the issue of fertility, which was a matter of benefit to the whole family and society, has increasingly become a severe social problem that highlights or exacerbates gender inequality. An item called motherhood penalty has been widely discussed in academia in recent years. It represents a issue that womens rights are damaged severely once they become mothers. Especially in the economic aspect, women face losses, having a difficulty in finding a job, promotion, and salary increases. Although having children enriches our society economically, women suffer financial consequences for doing so. Employers are less likely to recruit them than those without children. Even if they do, they often pay them a much less salary than men. Contrarily, men not only do not experience financial losses as a result of having children, but they also receive benefits known as the Fatherhood Premium by academics. It is not difficult to find that implicit sexism is implicit in fertility problems, and it is more prominent in the economic aspect. This study seeks to find the underlying mechanism and ways to solve the problem.

Legal Reconstruction of Women's Empowerment Government Policies in Realizing Gender Equality

The objectives of this study are to analyze and find weaknesses in government policies in the field of women's empowerment in realizing gender equality and how to reconstruct the law to realize better Gender Equality. The method used in this study uses an empirical juridical approach supported by a normative approach with the paradigm used by the constructivism paradigm. Results of the research show that the Weaknesses in government policies in the field of women's empowerment in realizing equitable gender equality is that there is still low knowledge and skills (competence) of HR planners in OPD regarding how to prepare PPRG (GAP and GBS), due to weaknesses in regulations in Permendagri No. 67/2011, which has not regulated the obligation of PUG Pojka to organize and provide training to focal points in each SKPD. Therefore, a legal Reconstruction of government policies in the field of Women's Empowerment in realizing a just Gender Equality is needed, namely by following up on regulations that require the implementation of gender mainstreaming in regional development by reconstructing Article 10 of Permendagri No. 67/2011, namely by regulating the obligations of PUG Working Groups to organize and provide training and at the same time providing sanctions for violations of duties by PUG Working Groups.

Ideal-Normative and Socio-Historical Approaches to Gender Equality Verses: A Study of Riffat Hassan's Thought

Gender equality issues never stop being discussed and always attract attention. This is driven by the many inequalities experienced by women from ancient times until now. Even though gender equality is increasingly being echoed, the position of women is always affected and biased by patriarchal culture. Often women are made second. Islam itself provides space for gender equality. This study aims to discuss Riffat Hassan's thoughts on realizing gender equality in the Islamic view. This study also uses a qualitative descriptive method with a narrative analysis approach. The data was collected by documenting various sources related to Hassan and her thoughts and was analyzed using interactive qualitative analysis. The results show that there are two approaches used by Riffat Hassan in interpreting the verses of the Koran: the ideal-normative and socio-historical approaches. In her view, the basis of a contested patriarchal culture is related to 1) God first created men, not women; women are believed to have been created from the ribs of men. Therefore, women are derivative and ontologically secondary; 2) women, not men, are the primary agents for human fall from heaven; and 3) women are not only created by men but also for men, so the existence of women is only a tool and has no fundamental meaning.

Empowerment of Women's Creativity at Dians Songket and Endek Housein the Village of Gelgel, Klungkung: A Perspective of Presidential Instruction

This study focuses on empowering the creativity of the women of the Songket and Endek House Dians based on the perspective of Presidential Instruction No. 9 year 2000. The formulation of the problem is as follows: (1) Why does the empowerment of the Songket and Endek House Dians women’s creativity still exist? (2) What are the implications for improving the quality of life of the population, especially women, in accordance with Presidential Instruction No. 9 year 2000? The research method is qualitative in nature supported by bibliographical data sources to sharpen the conceptual, theoretical, and analytical framework. Gender analysis is used as an alternative tool to integrate the aspirations, interests, and roles of the population, especially women who are gender responsive. The findings show that the empowerment of Dians Rumah Songket and Endek has continued to exist through the pandemic period. This is inseparable from internal factors, namely the role of business actors, and external, namely the role of development actors (government, community, BUMN). In accordance with the business vision of Dians Rumah Songket and Endek, which is to develop businesses with positive aims to improve the quality of life of residents, especially women and realize gender equality. This has directly supported the targets that must be achieved in accordance with those set out in the MDGs guidelines, including alleviating poverty and promoting gender equality.

Pemberdayaan Hak-Hak Perempuan Berdasarkan Konsep HAM di Jorong Lundang Kecamatan Ampek Angkek Kabupaten Agam

<p>This paper discusses the Empowerment of Women's Rights in Lundang and the Purpose of Empowering Women's Rights Based on the Concept of Human Rights in Jorong Lundang. The purpose of this study is to reveal or describe how women's rights are empowered and the purpose of this empowerment is based on the concept of human rights in Lundang. The method used by the author in this study is a qualitative method, namely a research method carried out by observation and interviews while the approach used is snowball sampling. The results of this study show that in realizing gender equality, one of them is by mainstreaming the empowerment of women's rights in Lundang, we can see this empowerment that Lundang women are no longer only involved in the domestic world but have also entered the public sphere, namely working as one of the by establishing the Panjaik Patah Sulaman Gallery house and forming PKK activities as a forum to increase women's creativity and self-confidence so that no more women are intimidated and banned from working in Lundang.</p>

Citizen Participation in Realizing Gender Equality in Education And Development

This study aims to examine how the concept of citizen participation in realizing gender equality. The method used in this research was a literature study. The results of the study show that citizen participation in realizing gender equality is very important, participating in the education sector by seeking to create educational institutions that produce future leaders who do not discriminate against gender nor have a gender justice perspective. Citizens can participate in encouraging social inclusion in the classroom when learning process takes place, designing inclusive and gender sensitive-curricula as well as providing equal opportunities for men and women. Citizen participation in the field of development to realize gender equality can be carried out by planning and making development policies and implementing policies that provide equal opportunities without any gender discrimination. This research concludes that realizing the gender equality as a form of citizen rights requires participation of all citizens in various forms both in the fields of education and development.

Social Media Advocacy for Gender Equality by Indonesian Men: The Case of Aliansi Laki-laki Baru (New Men’s Alliance)

Abstract In most parts of the world, men are the dominant gender in power relations. Benefiting from this situation, many are hesitant to support feminism. However, men’s role in the realization of gender equality is crucial. Using interpretive analysis, this research examines how Indonesia’s New Men Alliance/Aliansi Laki-laki Baru (ALB), an activist group that highlights the importance of men’s support for women’s rights, uses social media to advocate gender equality and the strategies they use to effectively communicate their ideas through the frameworks of political solidarity of social change and men’s role in gender equality. The results show that the contents of their Instagram and Facebook page emphasize the urgency of becoming a ‘new man’, while ensuring that the content is relevant both locally and globally. Lastly, ALB strives to exercise its role as an advocate and ally by stepping in without overstepping.

THE CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION OF WOMEN'S POLITICAL RIGHTS

The research focuses on the gender equality and justice interpretation of women's political rights in the Constitutional Court decisions. The problem is how does the interpretation of the constitution protect and fulfill women's political rights?. The research method is legal doctrinal, focusing on constitutional interpretation with several approaches, including the statutory, analytical, and case approaches. The result of the research shows that the function of the Court as a protector of women's political rights is a consequence of the existence of human rights in the 1945 Constitution. Its guarantees the constitutional review authority to protect human rights. Based on several decisions of the Court: affirmative action case, leadership positions in the house of representatives case, the women position of governor and vice governor's appointment in a Special Region of Yogyakarta. These decisions, which are above cases, are a form of protection and fulfillment of women's political rights in realizing gender equality and justice. Of course, it is motivated by the fact that women's representation must be present in every political decision-making in the national and local governance.