Realistic Mannequins Research Articles

From Video Conferences to DSLRs: An In-depth Texture Evaluation with Realistic Mannequins

From Video Conferences to DSLRs: An In-depth Texture Evaluation with Realistic Mannequins

Bodylab

Bodylab is a virtual reality system for creating full-body virtual reality avatars. It provides anatomically realistic mannequins as canvases, which can be painted and textured, sculpted and deformed, adorned with objects and animated with particle effects. The artist can work from a first or third person perspective, and variety of interaction modalities are made available. To assess the system, we invite costume designers and theatrical artists to provide expert reviews. We also describe the use of Bodylab in a live dance performance. We believe Bodylab to be the first virtual reality tool for in virtuo painting and sculpting of full-body avatars.

Learning media development of the cheap skin-based model for medical faculty students at Tadulako University

A model is a learning media that is used instead of the real human body to increase students' knowledge and can also practice medical skills, which are impossible to apply to real patients. Learning using models is the first order in learning clinical skills before students proceed to the next stage, namely practicing with friends and the last one is going directly to the community. The purpose of this study was to design, create and analyze a skin model made from cheap raw materials like wood so that it can be used as a learning aid at the Faculty of Medicine, Tadulako University. This research applied a qualitative approach with the Research and Development method. The sampling technique as the informant was taken through purposive sampling. The informants consisted of a dermatologist and sex expert, a medical education expert, and a histology lecturer. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and observation. Data analysis was carried out by analyzing the opinions of the informants using questionnaires to help guide the interview. The cheap leather model shows a fairly realistic mannequin shape with colors that can distinguish each layer and can be used as a learning aid for students in the histology department. Learning media development of the cheap leather model shows a fairly realistic mannequin shape with colors that can distinguish each layer and can be used as a learning aid for students in the histology department.

Effects of immersive virtual reality cardiopulmonary resuscitation training on prospective kindergarten teachers' learning achievements, attitudes and self‐efficacy

Children's unexpected cardiac arrest warrants cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by kindergarten teachers. Yet, recent research revealed trained personnel reporting poor transfer of acquired skills during real‐world emergencies with conventional CPR training. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) training induces a greater sense of presence and agency than conventional CPR training and may be more effective in terms of increasing trainees' intention and initiative to perform CPR in real‐world emergencies. A quasi‐experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the IVR‐based CPR training method in terms of enhancing the intention to perform CPR. The trial enrolled 50 participants, 25 of whom examined a child patient in an IVR virtual scenario, using an AED, and performed two rounds of two‐minute chest compressions. The remaining 25 participants were trained using a video with consistent content on a monitor. A generalised estimating equation analysis demonstrated that the IVR training method significantly increased prospective kindergarten teachers' self‐efficacy for performing CPR, positive attitudes towards CPR, and CPR knowledge. This advantage was also maintained after the five‐week follow‐up. Thus, CPR teaching via IVR looks to be an excellent way to enhance the intention to perform CPR and may be of great value in improving existing CPR training systems. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Many trainees who have received traditional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training hesitate to perform the skills learned in a real‐world emergency. The critical determinant of whether an individual performs a behaviour is the individual's ‘intention’ to perform that behaviour. Individual's self‐efficacy to perform CPR, attitudes towards CPR, and perceived social norms are three determinants that influence intention to perform CPR. Immersive media such as virtual reality may elicit more attitudinal changes and a greater sense of learner self‐efficacy than current mainstream media. What this paper adds The study's results indicated that compared to conventional technology‐supported video training, immersive virtual reality (IVR) training significantly increased participants' self‐efficacy about performing CPR, positive attitudes towards CPR and CPR knowledge. CPR training through IVR may enhance trainees' intention to perform CPR in real‐world emergencies. Implications for practice and/or policy The effectiveness of combining IVR technology into existing CPR training methods such as mixed reality training, which blends virtual environments with realistic mannequins, should be further examined in the future. IVR may be a more effective medium for enhancing the intention to perform behaviour than conventional technology. Future research could further experiment with the use of IVR as a behavioural intervention technique in education

Image quality evaluation of video conferencing solutions with realistic laboratory scenes

Video conferencing has become extremely relevant in the world in the latest years. Traditional image and video quality evaluation techniques prove insufficient to properly assess the quality of these systems, since they often include special processing pipelines, for example, to improve face rendering. Our team proposes a suite of equipment, laboratory scenes and measurements that include realistic mannequins to simulate a more true-to-life scene, while still being able to reliably measure image quality in terms of exposure, dynamic range, color and skin tone rendering, focus, texture, and noise. These metrics are used to evaluate and compare three categories of cameras for video conference that are available on the market: external webcams, laptop integrated webcams and selfie cameras of mobile devices. Our results showed that external webcams provide a real image quality advantage over most built-in webcams in laptops but cannot match the superior image quality of tablets and smartphones selfie cameras. Our results are consistent with perceptual evaluation and allow for an objective comparison of very different systems.

Portrait Quality Assessment using Multi-Scale CNN

In this paper, we propose a novel and standardized approach to the problem of camera-quality assessment on portrait scenes. Our goal is to evaluate the capacity of smartphone front cameras to preserve texture details on faces. We introduce a new portrait setup and an automated texture measurement. The setup includes two custom-built lifelike mannequin heads, shot in a controlled lab environment. The automated texture measurement includes a Region-of-interest (ROI) detection and a deep neural network. To this aim, we create a realistic mannequins database, which contains images from different cameras, shot in several lighting conditions. The ground-truth is based on a novel pairwise comparison technology where the scores are generated in terms of Just-Noticeable-differences (JND). In terms of methodology, we propose a Multi-Scale CNN architecture with random crop augmentation, to overcome overfitting and to get a low-level feature extraction. We validate our approach by comparing its performance with several baselines inspired by the Image Quality Assessment (IQA) literature.

Experience of Using Clinical Scenarios to Practice Resuscitation and Stabilization Skills of Newborns in the Delivery Room on Highly Realistic Mannequins

The article presents the experience of practicing the skills of providing resuscitation care to newborns in the delivery room by neonatologists, pediatricians, resuscitators and ambulance doctors on a highly realistic multifunctional robotic simulator of a full-term newborn baby SimNewB, a highly realistic dummy of a premature newborn in the framework of the Premature anne system plus control system in the proposed scenario for different clinical situations.

Educação permanente para profissionais da área da saúde como estratégia de combate ao enfretamento da pandemia de COVID-19 na região norte: relato de experiência

Objetivo: Descrever o processo de capacitação à profissionais da saúde como forma de estratégia de combate ao enfrentamento da pandemia de covid-19 em municípios do Estado de Rondônia e do Amazonas. Relato de experiência: Foi realizado entre os meses de fevereiro e agosto de 2020 capacitações à profissionais de saúde por meio do processo de educação permanente. Se valendo de metodologias ativas como case based learning e ensino baseado em simulação. Foi proposto discussões de casos clínicos vivenciado no cotidiano por meio da formação de equipes multiprofissional e estimulação do debate e criação de estratégias para resolução afim de preparar melhor a atuação em equipe e desenvolver competências e habilidades em tais profissionais. Além disso, o uso de manequins realísticos possibilitou a aplicação prática como mais um aliado no processo de qualificação para futuros atendimentos e poder analisar a integração e estimular boas relações, preparando para um eficaz atendimento e resolutividade para os casos. Considerações finais: Tal processo, pode ser um facilitador para melhorar a estratégia de cuidado e integrar de forma harmônica as equipes que estariam na linha de frente ao combate do covid-19, lembrando-se que a integração e bons resultados no treinamento representariam melhor oferta e estratégia do cuidado.

Relationships of sensibility image of mannequin and apparel shop

This study is to explore the relationships between sensibility images of mannequins and apparel shops. A total of 113 consumers participated in experiments with photo stimuli of 2 mannequin types (realistic and semi-abstract mannequins) and 4 brand shops of women's casual wear. In results, luxurious, chic, strong, sexy, and young images were more strongly perceived from realistic mannequins than semi-abstract mannequins whereas simple and soft images were more strongly perceived from semi-abstract mannequins than realistic mannequins. Shops using realistic mannequins indicated strong images whereas shops using semi-abstract mannequins presented soft, comfortable, and feminine images. In the correlation analysis, luxurious, chic, strong, and young images of realistic mannequins were consistent with shop images using realistic mannequins. Also, luxurious, chic, soft, comfortable, and feminine images of semi-abstract mannequins were consistent with shop images using semi-abstract mannequins. In order to clearly communicate brand concepts with consumers, mannequin that is a key element of visual merchandising in the apparel shop, should be carefully selected, considering the accordance with shop image.

Do mannequin chests provide an accurate representation of a human chest for simulated decompression of tension pneumothoraxes?

Tension pneumothorax (TPX) is an uncommon but life-threatening condition. It is important that this uncommon presentation, managed by needle decompression, is practised by paramedics using a range of educationally sound and realistic mannequins. The objective of this study is to identify if the chest wall thickness (CWT) of training mannequins used for chest decompression is an anatomically accurate representation of a human chest. This is a two-part study. A review of the literature was conducted to identify chest wall thickness in humans and measurement of chest wall thickness on two commonly used mannequins. The literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases from their beginning until the end of May 2012. Key words included chest wall thickness, tension pneumothorax, pneumothorax, thoracostomy, needle thoracostomy, decompression, and needle test. Studies were included if they reported chest wall thickness. For the literature review, 4 461 articles were located with 9 meeting the inclusion criteria. Chest wall thickness in adults varied between 1.3 cm and 9.3 cm at the area of the second intercostal space mid clavicular line. The Laerdal(®) manikin in the area of the second intercostal space mid clavicular line, right side of the chest was 1.1 cm thick with the left 1.5 cm. The MPL manikin in the same area or on the right side of the chest was 1.4 cm thick but on the left 1.0 cm. Mannequin chests are not an accurate representation of the human chest when used for decompressing a tension pneumothorax and therefore may not provide a realistic experience.

Evaluation of a shoulder dystocia training model

Shoulder dystocia is unpredictable and can result in unacceptably high morbidity. Currently there are no high fidelity training models available and this project evaluates a realistic mannequin which can be used to train midwives and doctors to correctly manage shoulder dystocia so as to reduce morbidity. Thirty-eight midwives and obstetricians in two South West hospitals were evaluated using the high fidelity training mannequin we developed. Practical skills required to deliver the baby were assessed using a validated checklist which assessed the timing and the execution of the manoeuvres. Force data were collected using a real-time force monitoring system, anatomically designed to simulate brachial plexus forces. There was a statistically significant increase in the total scores obtained by both groups after training (P-values <0.003). The data on force were obtained from only 10 participants, but still showed clinically significant findings. Peak traction forces ranged from 7 N to 379 N (95% CI of −2.3–163.9 N) before training, and 14 to 81 N (95% CI of 29.0–64.9 N) after training. Time to delivery also tended to be shorter (95% CI of 120.3–222.9 seconds before training and 88.0–154.4 seconds after training).

The use of simulation for emergency medicine resident assessment.

Simulations are exercises designed to mimic real-life situations in which learners are given the opportunity to reason through a clinical problem and make critical decisions without the potential of harming actual patients. Simulation, using a variety of formats, is useful for assessing the core competencies-particularly patient care (decision making, prioritizing, procedural skills), interpersonal skills (team leadership, communication), and systems-based practice (team structure and utilization, resource use). High-fidelity computerized human simulators are a relatively new tool for use in medical simulation. These realistic mannequins mimic physical findings including respiratory rate, breath sounds, central and peripheral pulses, murmurs, and pupil reactivity. They generate an electrocardiographic (ECG) waveform, cardiac indices, and oxygen saturation that can be viewed on standard cardiac monitoring equipment and can be programmed to respond physiologically to medications and invasive procedures. The use of human simulators to reproduce life-threatening situations will be especially useful in assessing the clinical competence of emergency medicine physicians. Operational definitions of competence and tools with which to evaluate performance must first be developed. Standardization of scenarios and evaluation tools will permit assessment of the reproducibility of scenarios and the reliability and validity of the tools used to measure competence.

Body Design, Variable Realisms: The Case of Female Fashion Mannequins

Even in mannequins, realism is no single-faced puppet. Our ideas of what appears most real to us vary with the times, the technology available, and our recollections of realisms. The history of mannequin realism that follows is an attempt to pin down the give and take between succeeding ideas of what constitutes a believable reproduction of human presence. It is precisely the imperfections in realism and its relativism that make it a compelling aesthetic. Originating in the mid-eighteenth century, the dressmaker's is the most significant precursor to the realistic mannequin; the form is an exact model of a customer's measurements (or, later, in the age of ready-to-wear, of a standardized size) reproduced on a shaped torso which was used to fit clothing, freeing the customer from fittings. The most celebrated was that displayed by Count Dunin at the Great Exhibition of London in 1851. Dunin's mechanical figure was composed of 7,000 pieces of steel and copper connected by sliding metal tubes and wheels which could be made to expand or contract so as to the deformities or peculiarities of of any individual. The many articulated parts meant that the also could adopt virtually any position. Dunin's mechanical mannequin was the ultimate body surrogate for fittings, for it could be used as a tool not just for outfitting one individual but especially in cases where great numbers [were] to be provided for, as in the equipment of an army, or providing clothing for a distant colony. 2 Both Dunin's figure and the more conventional dressmaking forms prevalent during the nineteenth century were prized not for their capacity to represent character or human presence, but simply for replicating the measurements of a specific individual in a portable, constantly available form. There is no evidence that, in the creation of these figures, any attention was paid to capturing the likeness of the original model in any way that would have been significant beyond the needs of dressmaking. Even the perception of the needs of dressmaking was limited. Dressmakers' forms were not expected to account for postural idiosyncrasies, nor for the effects of motion on the fit of clothing. Because these were not even values for dressmaking, they had no place in the construction of models. Around 1840, dressmakers' forms began to be used to display as well as to construct clothing, 1 This article is adapted from Vital Mummies: Performance Design for the Show-Window Mannequin (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995). The author wishes to thank Yale University Press and to Jonathan Brent for permission to publish this adaptation. 2 See Marsha Bentley Hale, Future Mannequins: Past And Present Tense, Retail Attraction, 9 (March/April 1986): 39.

Predicted Aerosol Aspiration Efficiency for Infants, Children, and Adults

Abstract A two-dimensional viscous numerical model has been used to predict aerosol aspiration efficiency for human heads of three sizes facing the wind. This model used a geometrically simple cylindrical sampler to examine the effect of age (2, 10, or 18 years) on the aerosol aspiration efficiency for humans at three levels of exertion: low activity, light exertion, and high exertion. To validate the simple sampler model of the human head, cases were run that could be compared to published data on aspiration efficiency obtained with facially realistic mannequins. The satisfactory agreement between our model predictions and the published data supported the simple sampler simulation model. The model found that predicted aspiration efficiency increases with decreasing age and that the age-related effect on aspiration efficiency increases as particle size increases. Although the predicted effect of age on aerosol aspiration efficiency is not enormous, it can be significant for particles larger than about 50 ...

The calibration and standardization of thyroid radioiodine uptake measurements: A report on an IAEA project

199 medical isotope laboratories in 41 countries were visited by an IAEA staff member to calibrate equipment and methods of measuring the uptake of radioiodine by the thyroid gland; full calibrations were done in 190 laboratories. The calibration equipment was constructed in the IAEA laboratory and consisted of a mannequin with exchangeable “thyroids” filled with different amounts of mock-iodine (Ba 133Cs 137), of standards of different sizes and shapes, and of various other items. This equipment and the results of various experiments to test its suitability for the purpose are described. Equipment and methods used by laboratories participating in the project varied greatly. About a third of the 1131 individual measurements of “thyroid” uptake were done with an error not exceeding ±5 per cent and more than half with an error not exceeding ± 10 per cent but in individual cases under- or over-estimates by a factor higher than two were returned. Usually, the largest error was found associated with the measurement of the low-uptake “thyroid”. An analysis of these results shows the influence of various factors such as collimation, working distance, scattered radiation, volume of standard and extra-thyroidal radioactivity on the final uptake value. A standardized technique of measuring thyroid radioiodine uptake proposed by an IAEA expert group is shown on a fairly realistic mannequin to give results with an error of less than ± 5 per cent. In order to minimize differences between uptake values of patients with normal thyroid function which have been reported from various countries and are partly due to differences in equipment and methods employed, this standardized technique is recommended for general use.