Realistic Anxiety Research Articles

З. Фрейд, Ж. Лакан и диалектика тревоги при капитализме

The paper analyzes the functioning and role of the affect of anxiety in contemporary society from the point of view of the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan, starting from statistical evidence of the ubiquity of anxiety disorders. Reconstructing the psychoanalytic theory of affect, the paper identifies two types of anxiety: realistic and neurotic. Capitalist society is characterized as provoking the growth of unconscious neurotic anxiety in response to the declining role of the Big Other and the disintegration of organic social ties. The paper outlines a model of dialectical interaction between neurotic and realistic anxiety under capitalism. Realistic anxiety about emerging dangers such as the COVID-19 pandemic is used by the media to deflect neurotic anxiety. This provides the modern media with a considerable resource for manipulating the population, and brings a temporary relief to the modern subject, who is suffering from the unconscious and formless anxiety caused by the very socio-economic structure of society.

Anxiety and Self-Defense Mechanism of the Characters in Maleficent Movie

Literature is an art that uses imagination even based on experiences, thoughts, and feelings and uses beautiful language style. This study analyzes anxiety and self-defense mechanisms in two characters in the Maleficent movie, Maleficent and Stefan. This study aims to describe the types of anxiety experienced by the characters and also to explain the self-defense mechanisms used by the characters in dealing with anxiety. This study uses psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud and qualitative descriptive methods to analyze the anxiety and self-defense mechanisms experienced by the characters. The results of the analysis of this study found that Maleficent has one type of anxiety that is realistic anxiety and uses three types of self-defense mechanisms that are displacement, sublimation, and reaction formation. On the other hand, Stefan has two types of anxiety that is realistic anxiety and neurotic anxiety and uses two types of self-defense mechanisms that is displacement and projection. Anxiety and self-defense mechanisms that occur in Maleficent are due to pressure and danger carried out by King Stefan, while anxiety and self-defense mechanisms that occur in King Stefan are due to resistance or attacks and threats of danger by Maleficent

The Anxiety in Meena Kandasamy’s When I Hit You

This study aims to explain the anxiety of Meena, the main character in When I Hit You novel. This study focuses on how the anxiety is experienced by the main character in the novel. Using the types of anxiety as well as descriptive qualitative methods, the writer finds that Meena as the main character in the novel experiences three types of anxiety which are neurotic anxiety, moral anxiety, and realistic anxiety. The types of anxiety experienced by Meena can be seen in the feeling of tense and restless, the feeling of shame, guilt and worry, and also the fears of her abusive husband.

Dinamika Kepribadian Tokoh dalam Novel Konspirasi Alam Semesta Karya Fiersa Besari

Humans are created with two types of inherent personalities, namely positive and negative personalities. The attitude or personality that exists in each individual can change due to events that have occurred in the past, and differences in personality possessed by individuals can also cause conflicts that lead to anxiety. This is what is called the dynamics of personality which can also be contained in the novel which contains the author's way of expressing an event through his fictional characters. This study aims to describe the personality dynamics that occur in the characters in the novel Conspiracy of the Universe by Fiersa Besari. This type of research includes qualitative descriptive research with a literary psychology approach. The data in this study are in the form of whole sentences or quotes that reflect the personality or behavior of the characters who are included in the personality dynamics which are divided into instincts and anxiety in Fiersa Besari's novel Conspiracy of the Universe by Fiersa Besari. The data collection technique uses reading techniques and note-taking techniques. Data analysis used techniques with three steps, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The results of this study reveal that the dynamics of personality found in the characters Juang Astrajingga and Ana Tidae are instincts and anxiety which include 6 data on life instincts in the form of sex instincts, thirst, creative activities and instinctive derivatives. Furthermore, 2 data on death instinct in the form of aggressive verbal and non-verbal activities, 6 data on realistic anxiety, 1 data on neurotic anxiety, and 1 data on moral anxiety. Keywords: novel, character, personality dynamics, literary psychology, psychoanalysis

Anxiety and defense mechanisms of Hyojang characters in movie 사도 (Sado)

In 1757, Crown Prince Hyojang, son of King Yeongjo, suffered from a severe anxiety disorder. This illness can be seen in the movie Sado by Lee Jeon-ik released in 2015. The main character of the movie Sado is a representative of Prince Hyojang, who is described as experiencing anxiety which puts pressure on his father. Therefore, this study explores why they implement defense mechanisms against anxiety experienced by individuals. Driven by these problems, this research through literature focuses on two problems; how anxiety is shown by Hyojang's character in the movie Sado and how the defense mechanism is shown by Hyojang's character in the movie Sado. This research is qualitative research using descriptive methods with a literature psychology approach and psychoanalytic theory developed by Freud. The results of this research are as follows; First, the main character Hyojang in the movie Sado experiences three forms of anxiety which are realistic anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and moral anxiety; Second, Hyojang’s subconsciousness is described as carrying out three forms of defense mechanisms that are displacement, reaction formation, and repression.

Psychoanalysis: The Reasons Of Body Changing In A Movie Turning Red

When confronted with a challenge, individuals frequently experience anxiety. Numerous literary works depict the worry of the characters through the author's and characters' psychology. This study examines the psychology of the characters in the Disney film Turning Red. Mei Lee, a youthful, vivacious, and self-assured girl, is the film's primary character. Novels, poems, and films have examples of such works of literature. Freud discusses three types of anxiety: realistic anxiety, moral anxiety, and neurotic anxiety. The study employs qualitative descriptive methodologies. This study aims to determine why the main character in the film Turning Red undergoes physical transformations using Freudian anxiety types. According to this study, the main character experienced three types of anxiety. Realistic anxiety is the most prevalent type of anxiety. Anxiety occurs due to the dread of others caused by her body's transformation. It will cause others to fear her and consider her weird.

BENJAMIN’S ANXIETY IN MASON DEAVER’S I WISH YOU ALL THE BEST

This thesis discusses the issues of anxiety reflected in Deaver’s I Wish You All the Best. It aims to describe three problems related to anxiety, namely Benjamin’s anxiety reflected in the novel, the core issues of Benjamin’s anxiety, and the impacts of Benjamin’s anxiety on himself. In doing the analysis, Freudians’ theories of psychoanalysis are applied. This belongs to descriptive qualitative study because the data of the research are qualitative data and the results of the analysis are presented descriptively. The result of the analysis shows that three types of anxiety are suffered by Benjamin. They are neurotic anxiety, moral anxiety, and realistic anxiety. Benjamin's anxiety is triggered by his repressed wounds and unresolved conflict aggravated by his parent's rejection. In addition to the repressed wounds and unresolved conflict, other core issues that lead to Benjamin's anxiety are threat, fear, and repression. Benjamin's anxiety affects his physical and mental health. After doing the analysis, the researcher finds out that Benjamin’s anxiety arises from the environment, especially parental factors that trigger fears and then manifest into anxiety. It can be inferred that poor parenting has a great influence on determining the future condition of a child. Parents should apply good parenting to avoid future bad impacts on children’s lives.

Defense Mechanism as a Strategy to Overcome Jacob's Anxiety in William Landay's Defending Jacob

Defense mechanism is a strategy or effort developed by the ego to dispel unpleasant feelings caused by anxiety so that unpleasant feelings and experiences feel better. The purpose of the study are to reveal the type of anxiety experienced by Jacob Barber in William Landay's Defending Jacob and discover how defense mechanisms work to overcome this anxiety. The method used in this study is qualitative by applying Sigmund Freud's anxiety and defense mechanism theory in a psychoanalytic approach. The data in this study are in the form of phrases, sentences, and dialogues contained in the novel Defending Jacob written by William Landay. The results of this study indicate that there are three types of anxiety experienced by Jacob Barber. They are neurotic, moral, and realistic anxiety. In order to overcome these anxiety, Jacob Barber uses five types of defense mechanisms, namely denial, projection, displacement, rationalization, and reaction formation. The types of defense mechanisms that are most often used to overcome the anxiety that arise in Jacob Barber are projection and displacement.

MEKANISME PERTAHANAN EGO TOKOH NOVEL DADAISME KARYA DEWI SARTIKA KAJIAN PSIKOLOGI SASTRA

This research discusses anxiety and ego defense mechanisms . The author discusses this novel because first, this novel is very interesting and challenging to read because of the complexity of the relationships between the characters and the anxiety that is so great and the story is so interesting by the author that the writer feels challenged to analyze it. Second, get evidence about anxiety and ego mechanisms performed by the characters. Third, the authors relate the events in the Novel Dada with the phenomena that exist in real life.The objectives of this research are; 1) to describe the forms of anxiety experienced by the characters, 2) to describe the ego defense mechanisms that were carried out by the characters to reduce anxiety. 3) linking the phenomenon of the condition of society to one of the worries experienced by the character. The subject of this research is the novel Dadaisme by Dewi Sartika published by the publisher Mahatari Yogyakarta. The object of this research includes the forms of anxiety, the factors behind the anxiety and ego defense mechanisms to reduce anxiety in the novel Dadaisme by Dewi Sartika. The data collection methods used the description method, the literature review method, and the reading notes method. The research instrument used a data card. The method of data analysis in this study used a qualitative descriptive method. The results of the research that have been done are (1) the forms of anxiety faced by the characters are neurotic anxiety , morality anxiety , and realistic anxiety , (2) the factors that cause anxiety are factors that originate from the characters themselves and from outside. the character's self, which occurs as a result of past and present trauma, (3) the ego defense mechanisms used by the characters to reduce the anxiety they face include repression, regression, fixation, projection ( paranoia ), displacement , and sublimization.

Issues of Gay Community on the Novel of Simon VS the Homo Sapiens Agenda

The study aims to know how social community on gay’s life through the novel of Simon vs the Homo sapiens agenda written by Becky Albertalli. The title of this research is “ The Analysis of Main Character on Confessions of A Shopaholic Novel through Freudian Theory written by Sophie Kinsella”. Confessions of A Shopaholic novel is tells about a women named Rebecca Bloomwood who has bad behavior that are shopping addiction to fulfill her desire but she gets anxiety because of her debts and it disturbs her psychological. This research will focuses on Rebecca’s anxiety.The data are taken from the novel in the form of dialog and monolog. The writer using psychoanalysis theory from Sigmund Freud that related with anxiety theory. Sigmund Freud theory has 3 kinds of anxiety, there are realistic anxiety, neurotic anxiety and moral anxiety. This theory is used to analyze the cause and effect of Rebecca Bloomwood’s anxiety.Last, the writer found the proved from Rebecca experiences three kinds of anxiety. First is neurotic anxiety caused by her mom character and it might be related to Rebecca childhood, Rebecca can’t to be honest to her mom about the cost of her skirt or clothes, she always tells if they are cheap because she knows her mom will shocked and angry if she now the truth, that can related if Rebecca can’t fulfill her desire when she was child because of her mom character. Second is realistic anxiety caused by her bad habit in shopping, that makes Rebecca has a lot of debts and that makes she becomes panic everytime met her debt collector. And the last moral anxiety caused by she felt guilty of her shopping behavior. And she becomes a liar to defense herself

Dysfunctional anxiety in pandemic: Relationship to infodemic and behavior

IntroductionAnxiety are among the most common (Huang, Zhao, 2020, Rajkumar, 2020, Roy et al., 2020) and stable (Wang et al., 2020) mental complaints in a pandemic situation. Based on cognitive approach (Beck, Emery, Greenberg, 2005) one should differentiate unrealistic (dysfunctional) anxiety as well as different types of anxiety (Roy et al., 2020).ObjectivesThe aim was to reveal relationship of different types of anxiety with the search for information about coronavirus and protective behavior.MethodsIn April 2020 (2-3 weeks of self-isolation regimen) 409 respondents not infected by coronavirus (186 men, 223 women) aged 18 to 64 years appraised their anxiety of infection and pandemic consequences (Cronbach’s alphas .77-.82), the degree to which anxiety disturbs their usual activities, the frequency of tracking information about the coronavirus (.75) and various protective actions against the coronavirus (.76).Results17.1% reported that anxiety disturbed their activities. Anxiety of pandemic negative consequences was more prominent than anxiety of infection and was unrelated to age and gender. Anxiety of infection was higher in females (t=-5.48, p<.01, η=.26) and elder people (r=.20, p<.01). Both anxiety of infection and of pandemic consequences was equally related to information tracking and protective behavior (r=.25-.36, p<.01). Dysfunctional anxiety was unrelated to adherence to self-isolation (r=.08) but was related to information tracking (r=.21, p<.01).ConclusionsDysfunctional anxiety is unrelated to self-isolation and should be differentiated from realistic anxiety in studies of pandemic. Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-04-60072.

Self Defense Mechanism as an Overcoming Tool of Anxiety in the Novel Me Before You

This research focuses on the psychology of a character in the novel Me Before You by Jojo Moyes. There are two objectives in this study; 1). To find out the types of anxiety experienced by the character in the novel Me Before You by Jojo Moyes and; 2). To explain how self-defense mechanism works to overcome anxiety in the novel Me Before You by Jojo Moyes. This study uses Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory regarding anxiety and defense mechanism; the methodology employed is qualitative research in which the researcher tried to present the issues descriptively. The main data sources in this study were taken from the form of dialogs, descriptions, and sentences contained in the novel Me Before You by Jojo Moyes. The results of this study, the researcher concluded that there were three types of anxiety experienced by the character in the novel Me Before You by Jojo Moyes, namely neurotic, moral and realistic anxiety. To overcome this anxiety the character uses four types of defense mechanisms namely displacement, reaction formation, rationalization, and sublimation. The most effective type of self-defense mechanism to overcome the anxieties that arise in character is rationalization because an individual where the reality that is lived is all based on logic and rationality.

MOSES’ ANXIETY AND DEFENSE MECHANISM IN EXODUS: GODS AND KINGS MOVIE

Anxiety is part of the defense mechanism. Defense mechanisms are psychological strategies unconsciously used to defend a person from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings. This study found the types of Moses’ anxiety and investigate the defense mechanism that Moses employed in reducing his anxiety by employing Freud’s concept as the main theory. The design of this research was qualitative research with content analysis as its approach. As the data, this study employed words including narrations and dialogues that were taken from Exodus Gods and Kings’ movie script. This study showed that Moses character experienced three types of anxieties covering neurotic anxiety, moral anxiety, and realistic anxiety. Furthermore, Moses employed five types of the defense mechanism covering repression, formation, isolation, denial, and aggression. The conclusion of this research considered Moses character experienced neurotic anxiety when he identified a boy that represented as the authority figure who was punishing him. The moral anxiety experienced in four times, overall happened when he felt guilty and realistic anxiety experienced three times because he managed some threats from the outer world. Moreover, all these features of the defense mechanism used to cope with Moses’s anxious feeling. The implication of this research provided another point of view in seeing Exodus: Gods and Kings' movie as the portrayal of the way how people can't suffer anxiety easily because anxious feeling happened from many factors and how people tried to use the defense mechanism to reduce anxiety.

Climate change: Clinical considerations

AbstractPsychological reactions to climate change run the gamut from a sense of the need for urgent action to utter denial. This paper looks at some categories of defenses that block acknowledgement of this pressing threat. It cites the work of Renee Lertzman, an analytically oriented social scientist, whose research suggested that disavowal, negation, or denial could be deconstructed and viewed as defenses against intolerable anxieties, feelings of helplessness and disappointment, loss and guilt, and warded‐off wishes for agency and reparation. Clinical examples and personal self‐reflection are employed to posit that when anxiety over climate change, a serious disquiet in its own right, gets confused with childhood traumatic anxiety, with its attendant feelings of helplessness, smallness, hopelessness, shame, isolation, and useless rage, then dysfunctional defenses and affects are more likely to come to the fore. In contrast to this, realistic anxiety over our changing climate and need to shift from a carbon‐based culture can be made more tolerable and can allow one to face the uncertain future, to feel one's feelings, to work them through, to share them without shame, and to feel a certain amount of agency in confronting the climate future and working to cope with it, both individually and societally. Finally, the paper suggests that we clinicians need to listen with new awareness to patients' references to and defenses against climate change, as not simply displacements but also as allusions to a looming reality that is a thing in itself. It is suggested that although we cannot impose our agendas on our patients, as climate change disavowal breaks down, we do have in our tool kit ways of helping our patients with it, depending of course very much on the state of our own disavowal.

Beat the Fear of Public Speaking: Mobile 360° Video Virtual Reality Exposure Training in Home Environment Reduces Public Speaking Anxiety.

With this article, we aim to increase our understanding of how mobile virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) can help reduce speaking anxiety. Using the results of a longitudinal study, we examined the effect of a new VRET strategy (Public Speech Trainer, PST), that incorporates 360° live recorded VR environments, on the reduction of public speaking anxiety. The PST was developed as a 360° smartphone application for a VR head-mounted device that participants could use at home. Realistic anxiety experiences were created by means of live 360° video recordings of a lecture hall containing three training sessions based on graded exposure framework; empty classroom (a) and with a small (b) and large audience (c). Thirty-five students participated in all sessions using PST. Anxiety levels were measured before and after each session over a period of 4 weeks. As expected, speaking anxiety significantly decreased after the completion of all PST sessions, and the decrement was the strongest in participants with initially high speaking anxiety baseline levels. Results also revealed that participants with moderate and high speaking anxiety baseline level differ in the anxiety state pattern over time. Conclusively and in line with habituation theory, the results supported the notion that VRET is more effective when aimed at reducing high-state anxiety levels. Further implications for future research and improvement of current VRET strategies are discussed.

KECEMASAN DAN MEKANISME PERTAHANAN EGO TOKOH UTAMA DALAM KUMPULAN CERPEN (Lǔ Xùn Xiǎoshuō Quánjí 鲁迅小说全集) KARYA LU XUN (Kajian Psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud)

This research aims to study psychoanalysis main character in the short story collection Lu Xun entitled (Lǔ Xun Xiǎoshuō Quánjí 鲁迅 小说 全集) Works of Lu Xun which include (1) concerns the main character (realistic anxiety, neurotic anxiety, and moral anxiety), (2) the cause the main character of anxiety (realistic anxiety, neurotic anxiety and moral anxiety), (3) the main character's ego defense mechanisms (repression, sublimation, projection, transfer, rationalization, regression, identification, denial of reality, intellectualization, redemption. Datas of this study focuses on anxiety and ego defense mechanism in the collection of short stories (Lǔ Xun Xiǎoshuō Quánjí 鲁迅 小说 全集) Works of Lu Xun. The researcher uses descriptive analysis techniques. Descriptive analysis techniques are done by describing the facts which are then followed by analysis. The total of 153 data was collected data; anxiety realistic citations, 34; neurotic anxiety; 56, anxiety morals; 5, repression; 31, intellectualization; 4, denial of reality; 2, identifying; 6, redemption; 1, reaction formation; 5, the projection; 2, and rationalization ,7 respectively. In consideration of the research result, (1) neurotic anxiety dominates so the purpose (2) also dominated, for the purpose of (3) ego defense mechanism of repression dominate.

Attitudes towards Polish immigrants to the Republic of Ireland: an integrated threat analysis

Research has shown that the experience of threat plays a role in attitudes towards immigrants. Using the integrated threat theory of prejudice, the present study investigated the putative association between three threat variables (realistic threat, symbolic threat and intergroup anxiety) and prejudice and discrimination. Findings from two studies using community and university samples (N = 112 and 83, respectively) revealed limited support for integrated threat when applied to assessments of Polish versus Irish job applicants. Limitations and suggestions for further research are outlined.

Whistling in the Dark

According to a recent newspaper article, 40 million people in the European Union live in anxiety every single day (results of an unnamed survey of 20,000 patients in 558 doctor's offices in Germany). Apparently only 6% of the population can summon the courage to talk about their anxiety with their doctor. It would seem that doctors have too little time to recognize the signs of what the article calls the “new illness”. Nor are they encouraged to do so by the renowned scientific journals, where the focus is solely on a purely medical treatment for anxiety, or by the pharmaceutical industry, where anxiety is equated with “long-term easy money”. The title of the article immediately struck me, especially since it seemed to be in flat contradiction to its subtitle: “Anxiety as the other side of affluence. Being afraid without knowing why”. Let me first of all try to explain why this contradiction did not really surprise me. It is well known that `anxiety' is traditionally opposed to `fear', where the difference is said to be that fear has a clear object but anxiety does not. One is afraid of something determinate, whereas with anxiety one appears to be afraid without knowing precisely why or what one fears. Yet this distinction is not so straightforward: merely mentioning it is not the same as maintaining it, as can be seen in this frequently cited passage from Freud: “anxiety [Angst] has an unmistakable relation to expectation: it is anxiety about something. It has a quality of indefiniteness and lack of object. In precise speech we use the word `fear' [Furcht] rather than `anxiety' [Angst] if it has found an object”. Freud appears to waver between two possibilities: either anxiety is essentially characterized by indeterminacy and a lack of object, in which case it is literally anxiety for nothing, or anxiety is temporarily undetermined, in which case it is anxiety for something that cannot immediately be named (certainly not by the one who suffers from it) but that could be named and determined with the proper technique or therapy. In this second case — the one Freud clearly prefers — anxiety would be a fear whose object is provisionally undetermined. And indeed, hardly a paragraph further Freud no longer concerns himself with the distinction he just drew and with seeming carelessness sets aside the rules of correct usage which he brought to his readers' attention: “a real danger is a danger that is known, and realistic anxiety is anxiety about a known danger of this sort. Neurotic anxiety is anxiety about an unknown danger. Neurotic danger is thus a danger that has still to be discovered. Analysis has shown that it is a pulsional danger [Triebgefahr]. By bringing this danger which is not known into consciousness, the analyst makes neurotic anxiety no different from realistic anxiety, so that it can be dealt with in the same way”. Neurotic anxiety, then, is only anxiety as long as the danger causing the anxiety is unknown. And Freud's treatment for revealing that danger essentially boils down to turning the neurotic anxiety into a realistic anxiety, or more precisely: to show that the danger, although different in each case, (pulsional danger; danger from the external world) is knowable in principle and so does not betray anxiety but fear! Realistic anxiety already has an object (a known danger) and is therefore fear. Neurotic anxiety has a hidden object which can and must be disclosed: “where there is anxiety there must be something that one is afraid of”. Evidently, “anxiety is not so simple a matter”, as Freud himself wrote and, one could add, experienced in the text from which I have just quoted at length.

Personal Use of Countermeasures Seen in a Coping Perspective. Could the Development of Expedient Countermeasures as a Repertoire in the Population, Optimise Coping and Promote Positive Outcome Expectancies, When Exposed to a Contamination Threat?

The appraisal and use of countermeasures in a rural district of Russia with quite high deposition after the Chernobyl accident is studied from a coping perspective. The field work was done during the summer of 1994, in the Bryansk region. There are important methodological shortages in the study, the sample of respondents is not a random sample and therefore not necessarily representative for the villages covered, and in some parts of the questionnaire the frequency of 'don't know/missing' responses is too high. With these limitations in mind the current study tries to expand the knowledge about reactions to diffuse environmental threats by studying populations as they continue their daily lives living in a contaminated area. The data from interviews with the final net sample of 163 respondents shows that about one in four were users of countermeasures such as, refraining from consumption of natural foods, or radiometric inspection of the food. Of the different countermeasures that were included in the questionnaire, the renunciation of natural products was most frequently employed. Findings indicate that the respondents who used countermeasures had lower levels of radiocesium content in their bodies, they felt more able to influence possible health effects of the accident, and at the same time answered that they were more afraid of possible health effects than the non-users of countermeasures. This higher emotional concern is seen in a perspective of 'realistic anxiety', and the use of countermeasures is related to perceived control and outcome expectancies.

The secret of successful defense.

The demise of stimulus-response behaviorism has brought radical changes in the way psychologists conceptualize classical Pavlovian conditioning, as described by Rescorla (1988). The new emphasis on learned expectations sheds light on Freud's 1926 theory of intrapsychic conflict which explains neurotic anxiety by the same principles that account for realistic anxiety. Learned expectations also figure prominently in the recent writings of a number of psychoanalytic theorists. This paper uses these principles to explain "successful defense," which is customarily defined as the activation of defense in the absence of conscious anxiety. These same principles elucidate an important difference between the therapeutic mechanisms of supportive versus expressive psychotherapy. This distinction parallels the difference between conditioned inhibition versus extinction in Pavlovian conditioning.