Real-time Three-dimensional Imaging Research Articles

Application of Virtual Reality Technology in English Teaching: Research on the Relationship between Learning Motivation and Learning Effectiveness

Virtual reality technology is an important direction of simulation technology, is a collection of simulation technology and computer graphics, human-computer interface technology, multimedia technology, sensing technology, network technology, and other technologies. It is a challenging cross-technology frontier discipline and research field. Virtual Reality (VR) technology mainly includes simulated environment, perception, natural skills and sensing devices. The simulated environment is a computer-generated, real-time dynamic three-dimensional stereo realistic image. This paper explores the transformative potential of virtual reality (VR) technology in English language teaching, focusing on the dynamic interplay between learning motivation and effectiveness. Through immersive VR environments, educators can cultivate increased engagement and foster language acquisition. A comprehensive literature review demonstrates the widespread adoption of VR technology in various fields and highlights its positive impact on learning outcomes. The proposed methodology advocates the seamless integration of VR technology with innovative pedagogical approaches to optimize English language instruction. By analyzing the relationship between learning motivation and effectiveness, this study sheds light on the nuanced dynamics of VR-enhanced learning in English language education.

Registration between 2D and 3D Ultrasound Images to Track Liver Blood Vessel Movement.

For the accurate positioning of surgical tools, conventional intraoperative navigation systems have been developed to recognize the relationship between target positions and the tools. However, since an internal organ is deformed during the operation, registration between realtime two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound images and three-dimensional (3D) CT or MRI images is not always effective. Therefore, this study developed image registration between 2D and 3D ultrasound images considering deformation for tracking target vessel movement in the liver. 3D ultrasound image was obtained in advance with 3D coordinates, including the target vessel. Then real-time 2D images and ultrasound probe position were simultaneously acquired using a 3D position sensor. We applied multiple image resolution registration, where rapid and fine optimizations can be expected at higher and lower levels, respectively. Meanwhile, the gradient descent method was adopted for the optimization, which determines the relative arrangements to obtain maximum similarity between 2D and 3D images. We experimentally established resolution level parameters using a phantom before applying it to track liver blood vessel movements in a normal healthy subject. Comparing the 2D images and the registered images, although the approach has some limitations in tracking large displacement, we confirmed that the cross-section of the target blood vessel was clearly visualized. This method has the potential for an ultrasound therapy targeting blood vessels under natural respiration conditions.

Nobiletin with AIEE Characteristics for Targeting Mitochondria and Real-Time Dynamic Tracking in Zebrafish.

Nobiletin is a natural product with multiple physiological activities and is the main ingredient of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. We successfully discovered that nobiletin exhibits aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties and it has significant advantages such as a large Stokes shift, good stability and excellent biocompatibility. The increase in methoxy groups endows nobiletin a greater fat-solubility, bioavailability and transport rate than the corresponding unmethoxylated flavones. Ulteriorly, cells and zebrafish were used to explore the application of nobiletin in biological imaging. It emits fluorescence in cells and is specifically targeted at mitochondria. Moreover, it has a noteworthy affinity for the digestive system and liver of zebrafish. Due to the unique AIEE phenomenon and stable optical properties of nobiletin, it paves the way for discovering, modifying and synthesizing more molecules with AIEE characteristics. Furthermore, it has a great prospect with regard to imaging cells and cellular substructures, such as mitochondria, which play crucial roles in cell metabolism and death. Indeed, three-dimensional real-time imaging in zebrafish provides a dynamic and visual tool for studying the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs. In this article, more directions and inspiration can be presented for the exploration of non-invasive pharmacokinetic research and intuitive drug pathways or mechanisms.

Three-Dimensional Tracking of Intracellular Calcium and Redox State during Real-Time Control in a Hypoxic Gradient in Microglia Culture: Comparison of the Channel Blocker and Reoxygenation under Ischemic Shock.

Real-time three-dimensional (3-D) imaging is crucial for quantifying correlations among various molecules under acute ischemic stroke. Insights into such correlations may be decisive in selecting molecules capable of providing a protective effect within a shorter period. The major bottleneck is maintaining the cultures under severely hypoxic conditions while simultaneously 3-D imaging intracellular organelles with a microscope. Moreover, comparing the protective effect of drugs and reoxygenation remains challenging. To address this, we propose a novel workflow for the induction of gas-environment-based hypoxia in the HMC-3 cells along with 3-D imaging using laser-scanning-confocal microscopy. The imaging framework is complemented with a pipeline for quantifying time-lapse videos and cell-state classification. First, we show an imaging-based assessment of the in vitro model for hypoxia using a steep gradient in O2 with time. Second, we demonstrate the correlation between mitochondrial superoxide production and cytosolic calcium under acute hypoxia. We then test the efficacy of an L-type calcium channel blocker, compare the results with reoxygenation, and show that the blocker alleviates hypoxic conditions in terms of cytosolic calcium and viability within an acute window of one hour. Furthermore, we show that the drug reduces the expression of oxidative stress markers (HIF1A and OXR1) within the same time window. In the future, this model can also be used to investigate drug toxicity and efficacy under ischemic conditions.

The photoreal new-age innovative pedagogical & counseling tool for glaucoma with 3D augmented reality (Eye MG AR).

In this manuscript, we have reported an augmented reality (AR) application named, 'Eye MG AR' innovated by us, to show different anatomical/pathological parts of the eyeball pertaining to glaucoma, from multiple customized angles of the user's choice to simplify glaucoma learning and clinical counseling. It is available free of cost from the Google Play Store for Android users. Procedures ranging from a simple outpatient department procedure (yttrium aluminium garnet peripheral iridotomy) to a complex surgical technique (trabeculectomy/tube surgery) can be explained and counseled with this Android application. Also, complex structures such as the angle of the anterior chamber and optic nerve head, are constructed in advanced real-time three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution confocal images. These 3D models are useful for glaucoma neophytes' immersive learning and 3D patient counseling experiences. This AR tool aims to reinvent the approach to glaucoma counseling with 'Unreal Engine' software and is created in a patient-friendly approach. Incepting 3D pedagogy and counseling with AR in glaucoma with real-time and high-resolution TrueColor confocal images has never been reported in the literature according to our knowledge.

Introduction to special issue on single cell analysis

Journal of Innovative Optical Health SciencesVol. 16, No. 02, 2302002 (2023) EditorialOpen AccessIntroduction to special issue on single cell analysisShuhua Yue, Xuantao Su, Minbiao Ji, Fu Wang, and Xunbin WeiShuhua YueSchool of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, ChinaE-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Xuantao SuSchool of Microelectronics, Shandong University, 1500 Shunhua Road, Gaoxin District, Jinan 250101, ChinaE-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Minbiao JiDepartment of Physics, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, ChinaE-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Fu WangSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, ChinaE-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , and Xunbin WeiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, ChinaE-mail Address: [email protected]Corresponding author. Search for more papers by this author https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793545823020029Cited by:0 Next This article is part of the issue: Special Issue on Single Cell AnalysisGuest Editors: Shuhua Yue, Xuantao Su, Minbiao Ji, Fu Wang and Xunbin Wei AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsRecommend to Librarian ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Increasing evidence has shown that cell populations are not homogeneous, but rather heterogeneous, even within very small cell populations. Bulk measurements based on the homogenized cell population do not account for the critical changes occurring in individual cells and are sometimes misleading. Cellular heterogeneity characteristics may be the key to address previously unsolved questions in disease development and progression. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel single cell analysis techniques, including spectroscopy, imaging, sensing, manipulating, and sorting. This special issue, including three review articles and five original research articles, highlights recent progress in the development of single-cell optical analysis techniques and their applications in biological discovery, disease diagnosis, and treatment.A number of advanced optical imaging methods have been recently developed for single cell analysis. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, an attractive imaging technique with advantages of high chemical selectivity, high spatial resolution, and high imaging speed, has become a powerful tool for biology and medicine. Jing Huang and Minbiao Ji reviewed the principles of SRS, discussed the technical developments and implementations of SRS microscopy, then highlighted and summarized its applications on biological cellular machinery, and finally shared visions of potential breakthroughs in the future.1 Light field microscopy (LFM) is an elegant non-scanning imaging tool to achieve real-time three-dimensional (3D) volumetric imaging of single cells with a single shot. Beibei Gao et al. reviewed the principle and development of LFM, discussed the improved approaches based on hardware designs and 3D reconstruction algorithms, and presented the applications in single-cell imaging.2 As an emerging single-cell imaging modality, microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging (MTAI), with the assistance of functional nanoparticles, has shown broad prospects in biomedical and clinical applications. Xiaoyu Tang et al. reviewed the recent progress, challenges, and future directions of MTAI integrated with functional nanoparticles.3 Besides imaging instrumentation, processing algorithm is also very important for single-cell analysis. Shutong Liu et al. proposed a new feature extraction method in fluorescence imaging of nucleus to achieve automatic and accurate identification of apoptosis with low cost in terms of time,4 which may facilitate large-scale single-cell analysis.The advanced single-cell optical methods have been increasingly applied for biological discovery and disease diagnosis. Exosome has been considered as a promising biomarker for diagnosis of early-stage cancer. Xiao Ma et al. achieved label-free breast cancer detection and classification by convolutional neural network-based exosomes surface-enhanced Raman scattering.5 Actin cytoskeleton plays crucial roles in various cellular functions. Fulin Xing et al. reported the regulation of actin cytoskeleton via photolithographic micropatterning, which provides new insights into how geometry of extracellular matrix (ECM) regulates the organization of actin cytoskeleton.6 Siyi Qiu et al. revealed microbial spore responses to microwave radiation by single-cell analysis, providing a new perspective on the responses of living single cells to microwave radiation.7 Fanyi Kong et al. showed continuous infrared light suppressed transmembrane Na currents irrelevant to K channel on the freshly isolated hippocampal neuron cell, which could be explained by a membrane capacitance mediation process.8Finally, we would like to thank all the contributing authors for making this issue possible. More articles focused on Single Cell Analysis will be published in the next special issue.

Single-cell volumetric imaging with light field microscopy: Advances in systems and algorithms

Single-cell volumetric imaging is essential for researching individual characteristics of cells. As a nonscanning imaging technique, light field microscopy (LFM) is a critical tool to achieve real-time three-dimensional imaging with the advantage of single-shot. To address the inherent limits including nonuniform resolution and block-wise artifacts, various modified LFM strategies have been developed to provide new insights into the structural and functional information of cells. This review will introduce the principle and development of LFM, discuss the improved approaches based on hardware designs and 3D reconstruction algorithms, and present the applications in single-cell imaging.

An immersive micro-manipulation system using real-time 3D imaging microscope and 3D operation interface for high-speed and accurate micro-manipulation

The use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), an assisted reproductive technique (ART), is increasing widely. ICSI is currently performed by specially skilled embryologists. However, with the increasing demand for ART, the shortage of skilled embryologists has become a problem. Therefore, we propose an immersive micromanipulation system that requires no special skills for efficient and accurate micromanipulation. Our proposed system is composed of a real-time three-dimensional (3D) imaging microscope and 3D operation interfaces. The 3D operation interfaces are stationary pen-type or wearable glove-type interfaces. In this system, an operator wearing a head-mounted display (HMD) and using 3D operation interfaces is immersed in a virtual micromanipulation space. The operator can move the pipettes by 3D operation interface and freely change the viewpoint. We verified that the proposed system improves the speed and accuracy of operating a pipette through two types of experiments with subjects.

System integration of hybrid assembled large aperture Micro Scanner Array for fast scanning LiDAR sensors

We present the design and system integration of a hybrid MEMS scanning mirror (MSM) array developed for real-time three-dimensional imaging with a panoramic optical field of view (FOV) of 360 deg × 60 deg (horizontal × vertical). The pulsed time-of-flight light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system targets a distance measurement range of 100 m with a video-like frame rate of 10 Hz. The fast vertical scan axis is realized by a synchronous scanning MSM array with large receiver aperture. It increases the scanning rate to 3200 Hz, which is four times faster in comparison with state-of-the-art fast macroscopic polygon scanning systems used in current LiDAR systems. A hybrid assembly of frequency selected scanner elements was chosen instead of a monolithic MEMS array to guaranty high yield of MEMS fabrication and a synchronous operation of all resonant MEMS elements at 1600 Hz with large FOV of 60 deg. The hybrid MSM array consists of a separate emitting mirror for laser scanning of the target and 22 reception elements resulting in a large reception aperture of Deff = 23 mm. All MSM are driven in parametric resonance to enable a fully synchronized operation of all individual MEMS scanner elements. Therefore, piezoresistive position sensors are integrated inside the MEMS chip, used for position feedback of the driving control. We focus on the MEMS system integration including the microassembly of multiple MEMS scanning elements using micromechanical self-alignment. We present technical details to meet the narrow tolerance budgets for (i) microassembly and (ii) synchronous driving of multiple MEMS scanner elements.

Patient-Specific Quantification of Normal and Bicuspid Aortic Valve Leaflet Deformations from Clinically Derived Images.

The clinical benefit of patient-specific modeling of heart valve disease remains an unrealized goal, often a result of our limited understanding of the in vivo milieu. This is particularly true in assessing bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease, the most common cardiac congenital defect in humans, which leads to premature and severe aortic stenosis or insufficiency (AS/AI). However, assessment of BAV risk for AS/AI on a patient-specific basis is hampered by the substantial degree of anatomic and functional variations that remain largely unknown. The present study was undertaken to utilize a noninvasive computational pipeline ( https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.3142 ) that directly yields local heart valve leaflet deformation information using patient-specific real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic imaging (rt-3DE) data. Imaging data was collected for patients with normal tricuspid aortic valve (TAV, [Formula: see text]) and those with BAV ([Formula: see text] with fused left and right coronary leaflets and [Formula: see text] with fused right and non-coronary leaflets), from which the medial surface of each leaflet was extracted. The resulting deformation analysis resulted in, for the first time, quantified differences between the in vivo functional deformations of the TAV and BAV leaflets. Our approach was able to capture the complex, heterogeneous surface deformation fields in both TAV and BAV leaflets. We were able to identify and quantify differences in stretch patterns between leaflet types, and found in particular that stretches experienced by BAV leaflets during closure differ from those of TAV leaflets in terms of both heterogeneity as well as overall magnitude. Deformation is a key parameter in the clinical assessment of valvular function, and serves as a direct means to determine regional variations in structure and function. This study is an essential step toward patient-specific assessment of BAV based on correlating leaflet deformation and AS/AI progression, as it provides a means for assessing patient-specific stretch patterns.

Computational Large Field-of-View RGB-D Integral Imaging System.

The integral imaging system has received considerable research attention because it can be applied to real-time three-dimensional image displays with a continuous view angle without supplementary devices. Most previous approaches place a physical micro-lens array in front of the image, where each lens looks different depending on the viewing angle. A computational integral imaging system with a virtual micro-lens arrays has been proposed in order to provide flexibility for users to change micro-lens arrays and focal length while reducing distortions due to physical mismatches with the lens arrays. However, computational integral imaging methods only represent part of the whole image because the size of virtual lens arrays is much smaller than the given large-scale images when dealing with large-scale images. As a result, the previous approaches produce sub-aperture images with a small field of view and need additional devices for depth information to apply to integral imaging pickup systems. In this paper, we present a single image-based computational RGB-D integral imaging pickup system for a large field of view in real time. The proposed system comprises three steps: deep learning-based automatic depth map estimation from an RGB input image without the help of an additional device, a hierarchical integral imaging system for a large field of view in real time, and post-processing for optimized visualization of the failed pickup area using an inpainting method. Quantitative and qualitative experimental results verify the proposed approach’s robustness.

Comparison and progress review of various super-resolution fluorescence imaging techniques

所见即所得是生命科学研究的中心哲学,贯穿在不断认识单个分子、分子复合体、分子动态行为和整个分子网络的历程中。活的动态的分子才是有功能的,这决定了荧光显微成像在生命科学研究中成为不可替代的工具。但是当荧光成像聚焦到分子水平的时候,所见并不能给出想要得到的。这个障碍是由于受光学衍射极限的限制,荧光显微镜无法在衍射受限的空间内分辨出目标物。超分辨荧光成像技术突破衍射极限的限制,在纳米尺度至单分子水平可视化生物分子,以前所未有的时空分辨率研究活细胞结构和动态过程,已成为生命科学研究的有力工具,并逐渐应用到材料科学、催化反应过程和光刻等领域。超分辨成像技术原理不同,其具有的技术性能各异,限制了各自特定的技术特色和应用范围。目前主流的超分辨成像技术包括3种:结构光照明显微镜技术(structured illumination microscopy, SIM)、受激发射损耗显微技术(stimulated emission depletion, STED)和单分子定位成像技术(single molecule localization microscopy, SMLM)。这些显微镜采用不同的复杂技术,但是策略却是相同和简单的,即通过牺牲时间分辨率来提升衍射受限的空间内相邻两个发光点的空间分辨。该文通过对这3种技术的原理比较和在生物研究中的应用进展介绍,明确了不同超分辨成像技术的技术优势和适用的应用方向,以方便研究者在未来研究中做合理的选择。

Single device transcatheter closure for double atrial septal defect under real time three-dimensional image guidance.

Single device transcatheter closure for double atrial septal defect under real time three-dimensional image guidance.

Evaluation of left ventricular myocardial systolic function in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency using real-time three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging

Evaluation of left ventricular myocardial systolic function in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency using real-time three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging

Real-Time 3D Intracardiac Echocardiography.

With real-time three-dimensional ultrasound, live volumetric images with adequate spatial and temporal resolution are obtained to accurately display structures with complex anatomy and guide interventional procedures. In this review, we will provide an overview of current ultrasound technologies that allow for real-time three-dimensional imaging, with a focus on their application for three-dimensional intracardiac echocardiography.

Intraoperative Impedance Planimetry (ENDOFLIP)

AbstractThe Endoluminal Functional Imaging Probe (EndoFLIP, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) impedance planimetry system provides real-time three-dimensional images of gastrointestinal sphincters of interest, particularly the esophagogastric junction. This allows for real-time objective measurements during the surgical management of foregut diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux and achalasia. Literature continues to grow on how to best utilize this recent technology to improve patient outcomes. This outlines the intraoperative utilization of EndoFLIP.

Monopulse instantaneous 3D imaging for wideband radar system

To avoid the complicated motion compensation in interferometric inverse synthetic aperture (InISAR) and achieve realtime three-dimensional (3D) imaging, a novel approach for 3D imaging of the target only using a single echo is presented. This method is based on an isolated scatterer model assumption, thus the scatterers in the beam can be extracted individually. The radial range of each scatterer is estimated by the maximal likelihood estimation. Then, the horizontal and vertical wave path difference is derived by using the phase comparison technology for each scatterer, respectively. Finally, by utilizing the relationship among the 3D coordinates, the radial range, the horizontal and vertical wave path difference, the 3D image of the target can be reconstructed. The reconstructed image is free from the limitation in InISAR that the image plane depends on the target's own motions and on its relative position with respect to the radar. Furthermore, a phase ambiguity resolution method is adopted to ensure the success of the 3D imaging when phase ambiguity occurs. It can be noted that the proposed phase ambiguity resolution method only uses one antenna pair and does not require a priori knowledge, whereas the existing phase ambiguity methods may require two or more antenna pairs or a priori knowledge for phase unwarping. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the theoretical analyses on estimation accuracy are presented and the simulations in various scenarios are also carried out.

Left heart function evaluation of patients with essential hypertension and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging combined with real-time three-dimensional ultrasound imaging.

BackgroundThis study aims to assess the value of two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) combined with real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE) in evaluating left heart function in patients with combined ETH and PAF.MethodsA prospective study was designed, and the research period was from January 2017 to January 2020. A PAF observation group comprised of patients with ETH and PAF, a PAF control group of patients with ETH but without PAF, and a healthy volunteer group referred to as the healthy group, each comprised of 50 patients was established. All patients underwent routine ultrasound imaging examination using 2D-STI and RT-3DE. The interventricular septum thickness (IVST), left and right atrioventricular diameter (LAD), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (PWT), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the mean left atrium peak strain (mSs, mSe, mSa), strain rate (mSRs, mSRe, mSRa), the left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), and left atrial total emptying volume (LATEV), the left atrial volume index (LAVI), left atrial total emptying fraction (LATEF), left atrium expansion index (LAEI), left atrium passive ejection fraction (LAPEF), and left atrial active ejection fraction (LAAEF) were calculated. Patients in the PAF observation group received telmisartan combined with rosuvastatin after diagnosis and 12- and 24-month-follow up visits were conducted. During these visits, 2D-STI combined with RT-3DE was used to evaluate cardiac function and each patient’s blood pressure was monitored.ResultsPatients in the PAF observation group had a significantly longer course of ETH than patients in the PAF control group (13.5±4.4 vs. 10.32±5.6, P=0.002). The comparison of routine 2D-STI and RT-3DE ultrasound indexes among the three groups also showed significant differences (P<0.01). During the 2-year follow-up period, the IVST, LAD, PWT, and LVEF of remaining patients significantly improved as treatment progressed (P<0.05). The LAVI, LATEF, and LAEI also improved significantly as the treatment progressed (P<0.05). After 12 months of treatment, the recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation was 16.33% (8/45) and after 24 months this was 34.21% (13/38).ConclusionsCardiac function could be evaluated comprehensively by 2D-STI combined with RT-3DE in patients with ETH combined with PAF at initial diagnosis and follow-up.

Pediatric Vitreoretinal Surgery and Integrated Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography.

Intraoperative portable handheld and microscope-integrated OCT enhance the pediatric vitreoretinal surgeon's diagnostic abilities during examination under anesthesia and surgery, particularly in children who are challenging to examine preoperatively due to young age or ocular trauma. Improved OCT-guided visualization of vitreoretinal anatomic relationships has the potential to improve surgical safety and efficiency. In retinopathy of prematurity and other pediatric retinal vascular conditions, intraoperative OCT can be critical for distinguishing between retinoschisis and retinal detachment and highlighting abnormalities of the vitreoretinal interface that may contribute to development of tractional retinal detachments. During retinal detachment repair, intraoperative OCT aids identification of subtle retinal breaks, residual subretinal fluid, retained perfluorocarbon, preretinal membranes, and residual hyaloid, among other findings. In macular surgery, intraoperative OCT has demonstrated value in confirming completion or lack thereof of epiretinal and internal limiting membrane peeling and differentiating between lamellar and full-thickness macular holes. OCT-guided subretinal bleb formation and genetic vector delivery are critical to ensuring accurate localization of subretinal gene delivery for inherited retinal degenerations. Research on development of OCT-compatible surgical instruments, real-time three-dimensional volumetric OCT imaging, and integration with intraoperative OCT angiography are anticipated to further increase the utility of intraoperative OCT in pediatric vitreoretinal surgical decision-making.

Real-time three-dimensional histology-like imaging by label-free nonlinear optical microscopy.

The current gold-standard formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) histology typically requires several days for tissue fixing, embedding, sectioning, and staining to provide depth-resolved tissue feature visualization. During these time- and labor- intense processes, the in vivo tissue dynamics and three-dimensional structures undergo inevitable loss and distortion. A simultaneous label-free autofluorescence multiharmonic (SLAM) microscope is used to conduct ex vivo and in vivo imaging of fresh human and rat tissues. Four nonlinear optical imaging modalities are integrated into this SLAM microscope, including second harmonic generation (SHG), two-photon fluorescence (2PF), third harmonic generation (THG), and three-photon fluorescence (3PF). By imaging fresh human and rat tissues without any tissue processing or staining, various biological tissue features are effectively visualized by one or multiple imaging modalities of the SLAM microscope. In particular, some of the most essential features in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained histology, such as collagen fibers and nuclei, are also present in the SLAM microscopy images with good contrast. Because nuclei are evident from negative contrast, the nuclei are segmented from the SLAM images using deep learning. Finally, a color-transforming algorithm is developed to convert the grey-scale images acquired by the SLAM microscope to the virtually H&E-stained histology-like images. The converted histology-like images are later compared with the FFPE histology at the same tissue site. In addition, the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios (N/C ratios) of the cells in the SLAM image are quantified, which has diagnostic relevance for cancer. Various histological correlations are identified with high similarities for the color-converted histology-like SLAM microscopy images. By applying the color transforming algorithm on real-time SLAM image sequences and 3D SLAM image stacks, we report, for the first time and to the best our knowledge, real-time 3D histology-like imaging. Furthermore, the quantified N/C ratio of the cells in the SLAM image are overlaid on the converted histology-like image as a new image contrast. We demonstrated real-time 3D histology-like imaging and its future potential using SLAM microscopy aided by color remapping and deep-learning-based feature segmentation.