Real Spirit Research Articles

Women in The Canterbury Tales

Known as the “father of English poetry”, Geoffrey Chaucer vividly depicts the abundance and colorfulness of social life in 14th century in his masterpiece work, The Canterbury Tales. In its a large number of stories, different images of women in that age are presented. Starting from a different perspective, this thesis approaches the story in the light of feminism. By giving women their own discourse, or describing their living circumstances, Chaucer shows the entrapment of middle age women in an authentic way. Nevertheless what the social statuses women are, they are classified as the supplement of men. Women suffer a lot of oppression from religion to gender, in the society at that time, they rarely have the right to voice for themselves and have limited opportunity to improve their depth of thought. Therefore, they have no way but to be angle or temptress. In this way a great realistic spirit is embodied in Chaucer’s work that transcends time.

A Study on the Ideological Connotation and Significance of Agricultural Poetry in the Northern Song Dynasty

The agrarian-related poems of the Northern Song Dynasty are far from the realistic creation tradition of the Book of Songs, the Yuefu folk songs of the Han Dynasty, “those who are hungry sing about their food, those who are working about their work”, and the realistic spirit of Du Fu’s “Three officials” and “three different” and Bai Juyi’s New Yuefu Movement, “Only songs live the people’s disease”. Through multiple contrast techniques, they fully show the miserable fate of the peasants under the heavy pressure of land, taxation, labor and other systems in the Northern Song Dynasty. It exposes the social situation of extreme disparity between the rich and the poor and sharp contradictions between classes, and expresses the complex feelings of compassion, hatred and guilt of scholars and literati. Influenced by the social culture of the Song Dynasty, the agriculture-related poems of the Northern Song Dynasty also showed the creative tendency of argumentation and prose culture, which was different from the previous poetry, and demonstrated the unique artistic style of the Song poetry.

ANNEMARIE SCHIMMEL AND SMUSLIM WOMEN’S ROLE IN SUFISM

Annemarie Schimmel belonged to a cultured family in Germany. Her writings about Islam, Sufism, Iqbal, and Muslim women have great importance in the world of literature. Her book My Soul is a Woman describes the different aspects of Sufism in Islam and the role of Muslim Women in Sufism. Many writers have tried to describe the role of women in Islamic society and raised their voices for the rights of Muslim women but they do not know the real spirit of Islam. This article is about intelligent and honorable women who contributed a lot to Muslim society through their knowledge and especially through Sufism. Annemarie Schimmel raised different questions about Sufism and general concepts of Sufis regarding women, especially Muslim Sufi Women. She presented her answer through arguments and her concepts are very clear in this regard.

The Political-Economy of Rural Development Through Corporate Social Responsibility: An Assessment of the INs and OUTs

The shift of rural development from the government’s agenda to the CSR units’ agenda is a recent political development. The Companies Act 2013 has made it mandatory for the corporate to play a significant role, sometimes as a supplement to or as a substitution for the State under the neo-liberal economy. In this context, the present study has tried to explore the role of two major industries, i.e., HAL and NALCO, in rural development in the backward district of Koraput, Odisha. The seminal contributions of these two industries in four major areas, i.e., construction of toilets, construction and repair of roads, installation of solar lights and construction and repair of water service infrastructure, have been analysed in this article. The study has relied on both quantitative and qualitative data drawing them from secondary and primary sources. The study concludes that no clear-cut financial investment on different heads is projected by the company’s CSR units, there is overlapping in the company’s inclusion of the heads of rural development, people’s felt needs are hardly reflected in the designing of rural development programmes by the CSR units, and follow-up impact assessments are rarely undertaken. So, the investments are made without a real spirit, and the dividends do not commensurate with the hefty investment. Rural development programmes floated by the CSR units are less people-centric, not sustainable and economically viable, and are more politically motivated and just done to comply with the policy mandates.

Economic, legal and social conditions for the development of dairy cooperatives in Poland: Historical implications and contemporary assessment from farmers

The aim of the article was to assess the development process of dairy cooperatives in Poland over the last 150 years, with the economic situation and the impact of legal regulations taken into account, and to assess empirical research findings on how dairy cooperatives operate according to their members (benefits of membership, development opportunities and threats). Despite the long tradition and experience in cooperation between dairies and farmers, the period of the centrally planned economy and economic transformation brought many changes. Poland’s EU accession has improved their development opportunities. The cooperatives have a high share in the milk purchase and dairy product sale. The cooperation with farmers has improved. However, there are still areas that need to be improved in the real spirit of the cooperative idea because they concern the basic economic benefits of membership and the principles of function of coops.

Cultivation Strategy of Scientific Spirit

Scientific spirit has a significance for scientific development, the scientific spirit is an important factor of scientific and technological progress. By analyzing the present situation of scientific spirit, this paper puts forward the cultivation strategy of scientific spirit. So as to explore knowledge, seek factual truth, innovate and progress, unite and cooperate, free compete and dedicate. First, the paper described the concept and significance of scientific spirit. And then, the present situation of scientific spirit is introduced through education, research and communication. Finally, scientific spirit is cultivated through four aspects: seeking knowledge spirit, dedication spirit, innovation spirit, and realistic spirit.

Chestiunea strâmtorilor Bosfor și Dardanele

"The struggle for control of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, strategic access points on the only waterway between the Black Sea and the oceans of the world, has a long history. It has become even topical in the modern age, as an effect of the increase in economic power and the expansionist tendencies of some states, bearing the imprint of the flourishing or decline of some empires whose fate depended on the strategic situation at the junction of Europe and Asia. However, 86 years ago, in a conciliatory setting, a diplomatic instrument was signed in Montreux, emblematic in the evolution of international law, based on a real spirit of harmonization of political, economic and military interests, which authorized the transit of ships and aircraft through the area of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles straits. Still in force today, the Montreux Convention signed on 20 July 1936, which put Ankara in possession of the keys to the straits, is one of the long-lasting international agreements, limiting the number and tonnage of vessels and, in the case of warships, the duration of their presence in the area, a fact that, in the almost nine decades, has produced effects on the interests of some states, be they Black Sea littoral states or not. The current war in Ukraine, launched on 24 February 2022, brings back in the diplomatic debates the document whose articles relating to the conflict situation have not been invoked since the end of the Second World War, although, over time, interested parties have strongly advocated for the revision of the Montreux Convention."

The Question of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles Straits

"The struggle for control of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, strategic access points on the only waterway between the Black Sea and the oceans of the world, has a long history. It has become even topical in the modern age, as an effect of the increase in economic power and the expansionist tendencies of some states, bearing the imprint of the flourishing or decline of some empires whose fate depended on the strategic situation at the junction of Europe and Asia. However, 86 years ago, in a conciliatory setting, a diplomatic instrument was signed in Montreux, emblematic in the evolution of international law, based on a real spirit of harmonization of political, economic and military interests, which authorized the transit of ships and aircraft through the area of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles straits. Still in force today, the Montreux Convention signed on 20 July 1936, which put Ankara in possession of the keys to the straits, is one of the long-lasting international agreements, limiting the number and tonnage of vessels and, in the case of warships, the duration of their presence in the area, a fact that, in the almost nine decades, has produced effects on the interests of some states, be they Black Sea littoral states or not. The current war in Ukraine, launched on 24 February 2022, brings back in the diplomatic debates the document whose articles relating to the conflict situation have not been invoked since the end of the Second World War, although, over time, interested parties have strongly advocated for the revision of the Montreux Convention."

Поняття «Sittlichkeit» у філософії Ґеорґа Геґеля

The article is devoted to clarifying the central significance of the concept of ha-bituality – “Sittlichkeit” – in the practical philosophy of Georg Hegel. Unlike Kant, Hegel does not place morality (in its imperative version of the transcendentally proper) at the center of his practical philosophy, but law (as the facticity of nor-mative immanent in society). Habituality appears in early Hegel’s philosophy as the basis of sociality: it defines social virtues and social institutions. The habitual-ity appears here as a social totality and self-sufficiency of self-attitude: thus, Hegel affirms habits/convention not only as a substantive morality, but also as a social substance in general. Subsequently, in the Jena “real philosophy” (1805/06), ha-bituality turns out to be the sphere of life of the real spirit and acquires distinctly dynamic features. Hegel analyzes the “absolutely ideal totality of the people”, re-vealing the regularities of its formation from “natural habituality” through forma-tion/ education (Bildung) and recognition to the forms of developed civil society, among which the most important are the family, business relations, law and, fi-nally, the State. Thus, Hegel’s realm of practical philosophy is the sphere of action of the objective spirit, where not subject-object, or even subject-subject relations dominate, but the attitude of individuals to the substance of their life process, where habituality becomes the most important factor, where it is substantial by definition. Thus, in the usual material of experience, the principles of the mind are directly present, which here operates on the basis of “sound mind” and common sense. Next, Hegel moves on to the development of the philosophy of the Absolute Spirit, in which conventionality is an important and mandatory step in its inces-sant formation. Hegel also associates commonality with the action of “God’s law”. There are two poles of extremely objective manifestation of the spirit in customary relations: one translates into the general realm of the spirit the paradigm of kinship, its archaic rudiments, their sanctity, covering the inviolability of the indi­viduals, the second personifies the undeniable authority of the whole, embodied in the state. Social institutions function properly under the condition of healthy mindset of those who rule and use these institutions.

Youth in Agriculture : Problems and Suggestions

Today's youth are the hope of the future. They are the real spirit of future agriculture. Young people not only look for their own livelihood, but also for respect and purpose in life. It is a well-known fact that only few young people engage in agriculture, although majority of rural youth have the energy and enthusiasm to do well in agri and allied jobs. In this context, it is worthwhile to know the reason for low participation i.e, problems faced by youth in agriculture and allied activities and their suggestions. Keeping this in mind, a research study was conducted in Warangal district of Telangana state with a sample size of 120 youth selected using a simple random sampling procedure. The data was collected from primary sources with structured interview schedule. The study employed descriptive statistics and garret ranking method to analyse the data. The study indicated that majority of the youth faced the problem of scarcity of labour, lack of irrigation facilities, fear of drudgery in agriculture and allied activities and suggested for timely supply of necessary inputs (93.3%), timely provision of subsidy/credit, mechanization in agricultural sector

The Politics of Troika: A Case Study of Governance in Pakistan (1947-1969)

Federalism with optimum provincial autonomy was the core idea behind the creation of Pakistan. As a symbol of shared sovereignty, federalism was never exercised in Pakistan in its real spirit. Despite apparent federal features during the military as well as democratic regimes, the political culture within the country scraps the dictatorial and centripetal. Pakistan remains unsuccessful to remains a federal state with the autonomy of federating units. This study, therefore, intends to look at the troika politics and governance catastrophe in Pakistan from 1947 to 1969. It also presents an analysis of the power of the Troika, especially in the context of major actors; the executive, the judiciary and most importantly, the legislative in the country. This study also seeks to examine the implications of this process on the political condition of Pakistan. The findings are based on the empirical arguments of prominent scholars.

Wittgenstein and Care Ethics as a Plea for Realism

This paper aims to bring together the appeal to the ordinary in the ethics of care and the ‘destruction’ or philosophical subversion which Wittgenstein references in his Philosophical Investigations: Where does our investigation get its importance from, since it seems to destroy everything interesting, all that is great and important? What we are destroying is nothing but houses of cards. The paper pursues a connection between the ethics of care and ordinary language philosophy as represented by Wittgenstein, Austin and Cavell, in particular in a feminist perspective. The central point of Carol Gilligan’s In a Different Voice may not be the idea of a ‘feminine morality’ but a claim for an alternative form of morality. Gilligan’s essay seeks to capture a different, hitherto neglected yet universally present alternative ethical perspective, one easy to ignore because it relates to women and women’s activities. The ethics of care recalls a plea for ‘realism’; in the sense given to it in Cora Diamond’s The Realistic Spirit to mean the necessity of seeing (or attending to) what lies close at hand. Reflection on care brings ethics back to everyday practice much as Wittgenstein sought to bring language back from the metaphysical level to its everyday use.

Reading Wittgenstein with Anscombe, Going On to Ethics, by Cora Diamond

In 1991, Cora Diamond published The Realistic Spirit, a collection of essays that has since become a classic. This long-awaited new book, like the first, combines work in the history of analytic philosophy and in moral philosophy. And it is similar in continuing to philosophize in what Diamond calls the ‘realistic spirit’. As she explained in the ‘central’ essay in her earlier collection, ‘Realism and the Realistic Spirit’, this spirit in philosophy encourages us to not avoid details, but ‘look at them from close to’ (Philosophical Investigations §§51–52, quoted in Diamond 1991, p. 46, and referenced in Diamond 2019, p. 76). In this spirit we attend to our use of language and our patterns of thought, in their contexts, and with their histories, and avoid temptations to generalization and to a priori claims about how things must be. I will try to make evident how continuous this mode of philosophizing is in Diamond’s new book.

Aspiration of Rural Youth in Agriculture and Allied Sectors

Youth are the most potent segment of the population of a country. Today's youth are the hope of the future. They are the real spirit of future agriculture. Young people look not only for their own livelihood, but also for the dignity and purpose in life. It is a well-known fact that few young people engage in agriculture, although the majority of rural youth have the energy and enthusiasm to do well in agriculture and allied jobs. In this context, it is worthwhile to know the aspirations of youth in agriculture and allied activities. Keeping this in mind, a study was conducted in Warangal district in Telangana province with a total sample of 120 youth selected using a simple random sampling method. The data was collected from primary sources with structured interview schedule. The study employed descriptive statistics and rank order method to analyse the data. The study indicated that majority (41.6 per cent) of the youth belonged to high level of aspiration category followed by medium (35.0 per cent) and low (23.4 per cent). Among male youth nearly half (46.6 per cent) of the youth belonged to high level of aspiration category followed by medium (30.0 per cent) and low (23.4 per cent). Among female youth 40.0 per cent of the youth belonged to medium level of aspiration category followed by high (36.6 per cent) and low (23.4 per cent).

Research on the Teaching Reform of Chemical Engineering Design in Application-oriented University under the Background of Emerging Engineering Education Construction

Chemical Engineering Design is one of the core curriculums to cultivate the innovation and engineering ability of college students. Through the study of this course, students can be familiar with the principles, methods, contents and procedures of chemical engineering design, acquire the basic knowledge and methods of chemical engineering design systematically, and be familiar with the compilation of design documents. It is an important curriculum to improve comprehensive quality of college student. Chemical Engineering Design is an important teaching link to convert the college students into engineer. To cultivate students’ ability to analyze and solve practical engineering problems with the knowledge they have acquired, to cultivate students’ correct design ideas and realistic spirit, and to be responsible for the coordination and innovation of their work style, to enhance students’ engineering concepts, engineering thinking and technical and economic awareness, so that students have the basic quality of chemical engineer. Methods of teaching reform are discussed in this paper, from the aspects of increase practical teaching courses, the application of computers and chemical engineering design software, in order to abutment the requirement of enterprise and industry under the background of Emerging Engineering Education construction in application-oriented university and dissolve the problems in Chemical Engineering Design teaching.

Freedom as a concept and as a property of the subject

The other side of the alternative of “objectivism or subjectivism (anti-substantialism”), can appropriately resolve the problem of the essence of freedom. Hegel wrote: “No idea can be said with such full right that it is indefinite, ambiguous, accessible to the greatest misunderstandings and therefore is actually subject to them, as about the idea of freedom, and none of them is usually spoken of with such a small degree of understanding of it. Since the free spirit is a real spirit, to the extent that the misunderstandings associated with it have enormous practical consequences...” (Hegel, 1977: 471) Thus, even the idealist Hegel admits that the problem of freedom has theoretical and particular practical significance. One can agree with I. Kant, G. Hegel, and N. Berdyaev, and many other philosophers that freedom exists only in the world of human reality, that is, in culture and society. In nature, both living and nonliving, it is not freedom that occurs but a necessity dialectically associated with chance and possibility. As Hegel rightly pointed out, “Nature ... manifests in its present being not freedom, but necessity and chance” (Hegel, 1975: 695). This statement certainly needs to be concretized. Freedom cannot coincide with necessity, but it cannot entirely resist it. Freedom that is not based on any form of necessity, as Hegel also showed, is not freedom. It is arbitrariness. Naked arbitrariness, according to him, is will in the form of chance (Hegel, 1974). One should bear in mind that the differences between inanimate (physical and chemical reality) and living (biological reality) nature, and in the latter – between the levels of its organization – are qualitative and even essential.

Viability of Visibility of Translator: Looking back and beyond Venuti

In translation and cultural studies, the issue of (in) visibility of translator has taken its firm grounds especially after the publication of Venuti’s (1995) The Invisibility of Translator and its subsequent row of arguments and counter-arguments for and against the theoretical perspective as given in the book. The current research paper is an attempt to have an overview of Venuti’s and his critics’ arguments and add to the existing discussion of (in) visibility of translator, foreignization, and domestication of translation and projection and preservation of source culture during the act of translation by resisting the linguistic and cultural hegemony of English. This paper has, broadly, three main divisions of ideas: a firstly brief overview of Venuti’s arguments; secondly, a brief overview of Venuti’s most recent critics’ arguments like Pym, Tymoczko, Baker, Cronin, and Shamma; and thirdly the researchers own arguments about the issue based on the detailed analysis of previous literature. Conducting a close reading, as a popular method of analysis in qualitative research methodology, of the literature related to the issue of visibility of translator, the researcher has tried to suggest that the act of translation, during the voluntary act of foreignization, adds a concocted essence to the real spirit of the literary piece of work which neither remains beneficial for the assertion of the individuality of the source culture nor it helps very much in the resistance of the dominating language and culture. At the cost of aesthetic pleasure, the foreignization method also entails the sacrifice of literary meanings and effects.

"Words of Healing": The Literature of Automatic Writing as Treatment and Prescription in the Victorian Age.

"The student who dives deep into the mysteries that enshrine Truth . . . will tell of her beauties, and proclaim to those who have ears to hear the words of healing." So wrote English cleric and spiritualist W. Stainton Moses in his Spirit Teachings (1883)-or, if Moses is to be believed, so wrote the spirit "Imperator," who, promising spiritual and bodily edification, enlisted Moses as his earthly amanuensis. Treating purportedly real spirit writings like those transcribed by Moses and the discourses of their reception in occultism, psychical research, and literature, this paper examines the phenomenon of automatic writing, also called spirit writing, passive writing, or psychography, as an evolving means of wellness and, later, a source of medical prescription from the 1850s through the 1890s. This essay suggests a yet-unintuited connection between the rise of automatic writing and the Spasmodic poetics alternately championed and critiqued by Sydney Dobell.

The Future Facility: How COVID Will Influence Design, Features, Amenities

The Future Facility: How COVID Will Influence Design, Features, Amenities

EXPRESSION OF IM EXPRESSION OF IMAGES REL GES RELATED TO NATIONAL TRADI AL TRADITIONS IN A.NAVOI'S WORK

Background. It is known that the customs, traditions, material and spiritual riches of the Turkic peoples belong to the great poet A. Thanks to Navoi's sharp intellect and artistic thinking; it has become an immortal property of our spirituality. Therefore, the creative heritage of the great poet is important not only as a work of art, but also as a unique historical and ethnographic source of culture of life of the Turkic peoples, including the Uzbek nation. This article examines the works of Alisher Navoi, depicting the way of life, culture, socio-political, theological and mystical worldview of the Turkic peoples, and even the ancient mythological ideas and some of the customs and rituals associated with them. The traditions of the poet's lyrical, lyre-epic works are an important source for studying the history and spiritual world of the Turkic peoples. Methods. In the article A. In order to clarify the place of folk traditions in Navoi's lyrical heritage, comparative-typological, analytical methods were used. Results. In the works of Alisher Navoi, a special place is given to the depiction and interpretation of plates related to the way of life, culture, socio-political, divine and mystical worldview of the Turkic peoples, and even ancient mythological notions and some customs and rituals associated with them. Such works of art, which are recorded as "ethnographic folklorisms", have played an important role in enhancing the national and realistic spirit of the poet's works, their artistic impact. Conclusion. Navoi's works contain valuable artistic details related to the way of life and customs of the people, which can provide important information in the study of the history of life of the people of that period.